An Introduction to English Literature英国文学

BritishLiteratureFall,2009,textbook,HistoryandAnthologyofEnglishLiterature（两册）吴伟仁编外语教学与研究出版社,TheObjectivesofthiscourse,EnablethestudentstogetageneralideaaboutthedevelopmentorhistoryofEnglishliterature;EnablethestudentstogetageneralideaaboutthemajorgenresofEnglishliteratureindifferenttimes,andalsothemajorworksofmajorauthors;Cultivatetheliterarytasteofthestudents.Enrichthestudentsknowledge.,Warm-upquestions,Whatisliterature?Whataretheformsofliterature?,Whatisliterature?,Writtenworksofthehumanexperience,pastandpresentthatareintendedforreading,butnoteverythingintendedforreadingisclassifiedasliterature.,Whatarenotincludedinliterature?,CookbooksTimetablespamphlettravelbooksadvertisements,Whatisliterature?,literatureiswritingwhichexpresses&communicatesthoughts,feelings&attitudestowardslife.literatureisapermanentexpressioninwordsofsomethoughtsorfeelingsorideasaboutlife&theworld.,Whataretheformsofliterature?,PoetryDramaNovelsShortstoriesEssays,Whydowelearnliterature?,IncreasingonesknowledgeCulturalenrichmentlanguageenrichmentFosteringtheabilitytoappreciateaworkofartEnjoyingoneself,HowtostudyLiterature?,a.analyticalapproachTheelementsoffictionincludeplot,character,setting,pointofview,theme,symbol,style,andtone.,b.historicalapproach,Itaimsatillustratingthehistoricaldevelopmentofliterature.AlltheLiteratureexistsintimeandassuchbearstheunmistakableimprintoftheperiodandcultureinwhichitiswritten,c.Otherapproaches,Marxist/sociologicalcriticismpsychoanalyticalcriticismfeminist/gendercriticismformalist/newcriticism,Requirementsforthestudents,Getthefollowingbooksasyoursupplementaryreadings:LiuBinshaneds.AShortHistoryofEnglishLiterature(NewRevisedEdition),HenanPeoplesPress，1993.ChenJiaeds.SelectedReadinginEnglishLiterature(InThreeVolumes),TheCommercialPress,1984.ChenJiaeds.AHistoryofEnglishLiterature(InFourVolumes),TheCommercialPress,1984.WangShoureneds.SelectedReadingsinBritishLiterature,TheHigherEducationPress,2001.,罗经国编著新编英国文学选读（上、下），北京大学出版社，1996年5月第一版。李公昭主编新编英国文学教程（上、下）世界图书出版公司，北京公司，1998年1月第1版。常耀信著英国文学简史（英文版）南开大学出版社，2006年1月第一版。,Readtheuntaughttextsinthetextbooksbyyourself.Previeweachchapterorunitcarefully&makesurethatyouhavebeenfamiliarwiththeintroductorypartofthechapterorunittobediscussedbeforeyoucometotheclassTakenotesinclass.Reviewafterclasswhatyouhavelearntinclass&trytofindrelevantbooksormagazinestoread,sothatyoumayhaveabetterunderstandingofthetextorthestudiedauthors.,Trytoreadintheoriginal.Self-studysomebooksaboutliterature&getsomecommonsenseaboutliterature.Thiswillhelpyougetabetterunderstandingofthetext.Last,butnottheleast,findyourfavoriteauthororauthors&haveaspecialstudyofthem.Thisishelpfulforyourfuturestudy(alsoforyourgraduationthesis).,TheOutlineofEnglishliterature,Old-middleEnglishPeriod(449-1476)The15th-16thCentury(theRenaissancePeriod)The17thCentury(thePeriodofRevolutionandRestoration)The18thCentury(theAgeofEnlightenment)The19thCentury(theVictorianPeriodCriticalRealism)The20thCentury(theModernPeriod),ABriefHistoryofEnglishLiterature,OldEnglishLiterature(4501066)Medieval(Middle)EnglishLiterature(1066-1500)RenaissancePeriod(laterhalfofthe15ththebeginningof17thCentury)17thCentury(thePuritanRevolution)18thCentury(theAgeofReason)RomanticPeriod(17981832)VictorianPeriod(18321901)ModernPeriod(20thCentury),OldEnglishLiterature,ConqueredthreetimesbytheRomanstheAnglo-Saxons:language:oldEnglishTheSongofBeowulftheNormans,MedievalEnglishLiterature,TheNormanConquest:Politically,afeudalistsystemwasestablishedinEnglandReligiously,theRomanCatholicChurchhadamuchstrongercontroloverthecountry.Inlanguage,threelanguagesco-existedinEngland:French,Latin,andoldEnglish.,MedievalEnglishLiterature(1066-1500),Romance:KingArthur&HisKnightsoftheRoundTableSirGawain&theGreenKnight(culmination,theprime)Ballad:RobinHoodGeoffreyChaucer:FatherofEnglishpoetry24storiesinTheCanterburyTalescovermajorliterarygenresinmedievalEuropeForerunnerofEnglishrealismForerunnerofEnglishhumanism,RenaissancePeriod(laterhalfofthe15ththebeginningof17thCentury),RenaissanceandHumanism,Therepresentativewritersare:ThomasMore:UtopiaEdmundSpencer:poetryFaerieQueeneFrancisBacon:essayEssays“Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.”,drama,ChristopherMarlowe:TamburlaineTheTragicalHistoryofofDr.FaustusTheJewofMaltaWilliamShakespeare:(2longpoems,154sonnets,38plays)comediestragedieshistoryplays,The17thCentury(theRevolutionandRestorationPeriod),AfterthevictoryoftheSpanishWar,thetiebetweenthemonarchyandthebourgeoisiebegantoweaken.TheconflictbetweentheparliamentandtheKingreachedthehighestpoint,hencebrokeouttheEnglishRevolutionin1649.TheresultwastheestablishmentofaCommonwealth,arepublicinEngland.WhileafterthedeathofCromwell,themonarchywasrestored1660.Afteracenturyofdisputesandbattlestilltheso-called“GloriousRevolution”in1688,thebasicstructureofEnglandwassettled.,Poetry:themainliteraryformofthisperiodJohnMilton:ParadiseLosttheonlygenerallyacknowledgedepicinEnglishliteraturesinceBeowulfJohnDonne:thefounderofMetaphysicalPoemAvalediction:ForbiddingMourningProse:JohnBunyan:ThePilgrimsProgress,18thCenturyEnglishliterature(theAgeofEnlightenment),Attheendofthe17thcentury,Englandbecameaconstitutionalmonarchy,thenfollowedaperiodofcomparativelypeacefuldevelopment.Inthe18thcentury,EnglandwitnessedtheindustrialRevolutionandthebourgeoismiddleclassbegantogrowrapidly.Atthesametime,anintellectualmovement,enlightenmenttookplaceinEurope,sotoEngland,whichisthestruggleofthebourgeoisieagainstfeudalism.Theenlightenersadvocatedequality,reason,andscience.The18th-cneturyEnglandisalsocalledtheAgeofEnlightenmentortheAgeofReason.TherepresentativeenlightenersareAlexanderpope,JosephAddisonandRichardSteele.,Literatureofthisperiodfallsintomanytrends:Theschoolofneoclassicism:Alexanderpope,JosephAddisonandRichardSteeleTherealisticnovel:DanielDefoe:RobinsonCrusoeJonathanSwift:GulliversTravelsHenryFielding:TheHistoryofTomJones,AFoundlingSentimentalism:ThomasGray:ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyardPre-romanticism:WilliamBlakeandRobertBurns,RomanticEnglishLiterature,Attheturnofthe18thcenturyandthe19thcentury,provokedbytheFrenchrevolutionandtheEnglishIndustrialRevolution,anewliterarytrendRomanticismaroseinEngland.Generallyspeaking,itexpressestheideasandthefeelingsofthosewhoarediscontentwiththedevelopmentofthecapitalism.,RomanticEnglishLiterature,Anageofpoetry:WilliamWordsworth:LyricalBalladsSamuelTaylorColeridge:TheRimeoftheAncientMarinerKublaKhanRobertSoutheyGeorgeGordonByron:DonJuanPercyByssheShelley:OdetotheWestWindPrometheusUnboundJohnKeats:OdeonaGrecianUrn,greatnovelistsofthisperiod:WalterScott:IvanhoeJaneAusten:PrideandPrejudiceEmmaCharlotteBronte:JaneEyreEmilyBronte:WutheringHeightsAnneBronte:AgnesGrey,CriticalRealisticLiteratureinthe19thCentury,19thcenturyinEnglandsometimesisroughlycalledtheVictorianperiod(18361901).AsaresultoftheIndustrialRevolution,towardsthemiddleofthatcentury,EnglandreachedthehighestpointasaworldpowerandthestrugglebetweentheworkingclassandthecapitalistsbecamethebasiccontradictioninEnglishsocialandpoliticallife.Amidsuchaclass-struggleperiod,manywritersturnedtosocialcriticism.Soappearedanewliterarytrend:criticalrealism.Itflourishedinthe40sandearly50s.Theserealistsaremainlyconcernedwiththesociety,thesocialsystemandthepeopleinthesociety.Themostimportant,theyperfectnovelasaliteraryformintheirwritings.,CriticalRealisticLiteratureinthe19thCentury,CriticalRealists:CharlesDickens:OliverTwistW.M.Thackeray:VanityFairThomasHardy:TessoftheDUrbervilles,20thCenturyEnglishLiterature,WorldWarOneisusuallyregardedasthewatershedinEnglishhistory.Afterit,radicalchangestookplacei