联盟驱动型创新政策的新发展.ppt

1,联盟驱动型创新政策的新发展：集体知识和日本产学合作联盟,2008年8月22日日本东京法政大学,2,内容,介绍1.理论探索：集体知识和集体战略2.日本的创新政策：实地调查3.经验分析4.结论,3,介绍,政府的重组2001年4月：90个国家公共机构、医院和博物馆成为62个自主管理机构（IAI）。减少了72000名工作人员。,4,引进第三方评估,自主管理机构：法律，19992004年4月：99个国家级大学变成89个自主国家级大学机构。,5,法律系统重组,2005年5月，企业法改革外部CEO的参与2006年4月，反垄断法改革HeavySurcharge1997年12月，控股公司的恢复RestorationofHoldingCompany,6,自主管理机构的管理转型,依照日本创新政策的转型联盟驱动型研究和发展,7,1.理论探索,产学联盟的理论集体战略集体智慧集体知识群众智慧,8,集体战略,Astley,W.,Fombrun,C.,“CollectiveStrategy:SocialEcologyofOrganizationalEnvironments,”AcademyofManagementReview,vol.8,1983.Yami,Sad,“FondementsetPerspectivesdesStratgiesCollectives,”RevueFranaisedeGestion,No.167,pp.91-104,2006.,9,集体战略的类型(A&F),10,创业,管理战略,竞争战略,集体战略,ComprehensionofStrategies,11,集体智慧,AcademyofArtificialIntelligenceinJapanhadaspecialissueonCollectiveIntelligencein2003.Takadama,K.2003.Ikegami,T.2003.TheWisdomofCrowdbyJamesSurowieckiin2004.,12,集体战略和集体知识,13,集体知识和协同工作,14,集体知识的模型,Horaguchi,H.H.(2008)“EconomicsofReciprocalNetworks:CollaborationinKnowledgeandEmergenceofIndustrialClusters,”ComputationalEconomics,vol.31,issue4,pages307-339.,15,设置Settings,CournotcompetitionwithGraphTheory.KnowledgecreatingcompaniescollaboratethroughNetwork.SimulationofEquilibriumQuantityandMathematicalProofforHubandSpokeTypeorCircularNetwork.,16,CournotCompetitionbyFourFirms,17,MatrixtobeInverted:4by4,18,HubandSpokeType:CournotCompetitionbyFourFirms,19,MatrixtobeInverted:4by1,20,21,22,23,24,25,MatrixtobeInverted:FreeScaleNetwork,26,ProductionLevelofFreeScaleNetwork,TotalProductionLevel:,27,下一步研究,Agent-basedSimulationCreationofClusterHowmanyClustersaremadeoutofrandomsettingsofparameters?Whyseven?CompetitionbetweenClusters,28,集体知识的特征,知识遵照战略不同领域的知识由VariousfieldofKnowledgeisgatheredbyatypeofcollectivestrategies.Whatareincentivesofcollectingtogether?Productivityisreallyhigher?Howonecanmeasuretheresult?,29,2.InnovationPolicyinJapan:FieldSurvey,ConferenceforIndustrialCompetitiveness(SangyoKyosouryokuKaigi,March,1999.May2000.)PrivateMeetingforPrimeMinisterObuchiandPrimeMinisterMori.InnovateJapanProject:March2003-Feb.2004.byNihonKeizaiShimbun(Nikkei).StrategytoCreateNewIndustry(ShinsangyoSoushutsuSenryaku,May,2004).MinistryofEconomyandIndustry.,30,InnovationPolicyinthe2000s,“Innovation25”,byAbeGovt.,CabinetOffice,Sept.2006-Jun.2007.PolicyRecommendationsformanyfieldofscienceandeducationhttp:/www.kantei.go.jp/jp/innovation/dai3/siryou4.pdf,31,MajorCharacteristics,CreationofRegionalInnovationHotSpotsInterdisciplinaryResearchBusinessUniversityAlliancesCreatingLocalFundsTaxExemptionontheInitialFundingLocalInnovationCommunity:visibleforPolicymakersandpublics,32,Characteristicscontinued.,Post-grantpatentreview,CreatingMeasuresforNationalInnovationPerformance:InnovationScorecardIntellectualpropertyprotectionTechnologyRoadmap,33,KnowledgeClusterInitiative,MinistryofEducation,Culture,Sports,ScienceandTechnology,MEXT,KnowledgeClusterInitiative:18cities,5,000-9,000millionyen5years.2002-2006/2003-2007/2004-2008.TheSecondRoundoftheKnowledgeClusterInitiative,2007-2011.,34,21,Nano,Bio,IT,Semi-conductor,Environ-ment500millionyenperyearUniversity,Business,LocalGovt.Alliances,6Clustersstartin2007,35,TheSecondRound:6Cities,1billionyen5years,Fukuoka:AdvancedSystemLSIDevelopmentInitiative:SiliconSeaBelt.Nagano:SmartDevicebyNanoCompositeOsaka+Kobe:Bio-MedicalClusterSendai:ProactiveHealthCareClusterHamamatsu:Opt-ElectronicsClusterSapporo:BioCluster,36,Saito&KobeClusterBiomedicalClusterKansai,37,RegenerativeMedicare:EmbryonicStemCell,38,39,40,41,42,FukuokaKitakyushuR&DHubofAdvancedSystemLSI,43,AutomaticDesignSystemofLSI,44,45,46,SonnyKyushuCMOSSensor/CCD,47,CaseStudyinToyamain2006,“TypeBcelllymphocyte”isplacedona“CellChip”withsmallwellsandresponsestocalciumischecked.ToyamaUniversity,MedicalDepartmentandEngineeringDepartment,SuginoMachine,Richell,ToyamaIndustrialTechnologyCenter.SCWorld,aventurecompany,wascreated.,48,49,50,51,52,53,ProfessorAtsushiMuraguchiandProfessorHiroyukiKishi,54,55,56,57,IndustrialClusterProject,MinistryofEconomy,TradeandIndustry,METI,IndustryClusterProject.9regionsdividedbythelocal“BureauoftheMETI.17projects,9800smallandmediumcompanies,290UniversitiesandPolytechnics,58,59,AISTSecondResearchStrategy,2007,NationalInstituteofAdvancedIndustrialScienceandTechnology.OnlyICT,ElectronicsSupplyforInformationwithsemantics:OntologyRoboticsandICTHouseholdAppliancesNetworkedVotingSystemHardwareTechnology：QuantumComputer,ComputerDevicebyNewMaterialandNewPhysicalPhenomena,Bio-opticalSensing,SuperconductivityElectronicsMesurementhttp:/www.aist.go.jp/aist_j/information/strategy.html,60,3.EmpiricalAnalysis,QuestionnaireSurveytoKnowledgeClusterInitiativeinJune2006.16response.HowCoordinatorsseetheperformanceoftheCluster.Questionnaire+Equation,61,SomeEmpiricalStudy:Hypothesis,BusinessBasedProjects(BBPs)intheKnowledgeClusterInitiativesarethefunctionsofcoordinationefforts,facilities,andorientations.,62,PoissonRegression,DependentVariable:BusinessBasedProjects(BBPs)intheClusters.IndependentVariables:OrganizingAcademicMeeting(Call)Outgoingtoseeotherclusters(Out)AgglomerationofS/MediumIndustry(Agg)Satisfactiontoincubationfacilities(Sat)Orientationtopracticalresearch(Prac),63,BBPs=f(x),N=16,Coef.Std.Err.zP|z|-Call|-1.842763.5601328-3.290.001Out|-2.996145.7385951-4.060.000Agg|1.665521.63605082.620.009Sat|2.052094.48489014.230.000Prac|1.667146.73659672.260.024,64,Coef.Std.Err.zP|z|95%Conf.IntervalWide|-1.635962.9045719-1.810.071-3.408891.1369659*Call|-1.842763.5601328-3.290.001-2.940603-.7449225*Out|-2.996145.7385951-4.060.000-4.443765-1.548525Exi|-.4760456.4226983-1.130.260-1.304519.3524278*Agg|1.665521.63605082.620.009.41888442.912158Inc|.7971039.46588681.710.087-.11601741.710225*Sat|2.052094.48489014.230.0001.1017273.002461*Prac|1.667146.73659672.260.024.22344323.110849Fund|.0317821.43282450.070.941-.8165383.8801025*Cord|-1.26837.6466512-1.960.050-2.535783-.0009565Bug|.7694866.49599931.550.121-.20265411.741627Ven|-.5306217.3766186-1.410.159-1.268781.2075371*Pop|.000737.00036112.040.041.0000292.0014448*Uni|-.4826261.1508763-3.200.001-.7783382-.186914*Year|-1.829666.5893387-3.100.002-2.984748-.6745833_cons|13.01713.1886324.080.0006.7674919.2667,65,IndependentVariablesandControlVariables.Wide:WiderrangeofcollaborationwithotheruniversitiesorcompaniesCall:OrganizingAcademicMeetingOut:OutgoingtoseeotherclustersbyCoordinatorExi:HoldingExhibitionAgg:AgglomerationofSmall/MediumIndustryInc:ExistenceofIncubationManagerSat:Satisfyingthefacilityofincubation.Prac:Orientationtopracticalresearch.Fund:ImportanceofFundamentalResear