An_Overview_of_IELTS_Academic_Writing.ppt

WhoamI?,Alvingzh2004happyIfyouaimatthesun,atworst,youmayprobablylandonthemoon.,课程安排,一、雅思写作概论及雅思写作训练方法(1)二、英语句子结构和拓展方法(1-2)三、大作文的分类及不同类型的写法(1)四、各种话题大作文的讲解和练习(2)五、小作文的写法和练习(2)六、临门一脚考前复习(1),AnOverviewofIELTSAcademicWriting,雅思写作概论,雅思考试分为两种模式：普通培训类（GeneralTraining）学术类（Academic）普通培训类的第一道题要求考生写一封信，学术类的第一道题则要求考生描述图表，两类雅思考试的第二道题风格基本一致，都是一篇小型的议论文。,写作总体要求及注意事项-要求,ModuleformatIELTSAcademicWritinglastsatotalof60minutes.Itconsistsof2tasks(WritingTask1andWritingTask2)andcandidatesmustanswerBOTHtasks.AnswerformatCandidateswritetheiranswersinpenorpencilonAnswerSheetsprovided.TimingStudentsareadvisedtospend20minutesonTask1and40minutesonTask2.Theymustcompletebothtasksinonehour.,标题与格式？,标题写作格式：1齐头式（每段顶格写，段落与段落之间空一行）2缩进式,齐头,Housingproblemhasbecomeoneofthebiggestconcernsforpeopleinbigcities.Withtherapiddevelopmentofindustryandgreatincreaseinemployment,morepeopleareswarmingintocities.Accommodationshavebecomeeverdifficult,causinginconveniencetopeoplesworkandlife.Manyproposalshavebeenputforwardtosolvethisproblem.Somesuggestthatmorehighbuildingsbeconstructed.Someinsistthattheundergroundbedeveloped.Othersproposethatsatellitecitiesbebuilt.Stillothersarguethatcitiesshouldbeexpandedtomovepeopletothesuburbs.,缩进,Housingproblemhasbecomeoneofthebiggestconcernsforpeopleinbigcities.Withtherapiddevelopmentofindustryandgreatincreaseinemployment,morepeopleareswarmingintocities.Accommodationshavebecomeeverdifficult,causinginconveniencetopeoplesworkandlife.Manyproposalshavebeenputforwardtosolvethisproblem.Somesuggestthatmorehighbuildingsbeconstructed.Someinsistthattheundergroundbedeveloped.Othersproposethatsatellitecitiesbebuilt.Stillothersarguethatcitiesshouldbeexpandedtomovepeopletothesuburbs.,Task1ForWritingTask1candidatesaregivensomevisualinformationwhichmaybepresentedintheformofoneormorerelateddiagrams,charts,graphsortables.Candidatesareaskedtodescribetheinformationordata.Theymustwriteatleast150wordsonthistask.柱状图、饼状图、条形图、表格WritingTask1assessmentisbasedonthefollowingcriteria:1)TaskAchievement2)CoherenceandCohesion3)LexicalResource(vocabulary)4)GrammaticalRangeandAccuracy,柱状图,条形图,饼状图,饼状图,表格,Map,Task1scriptsareassessedonthefollowingcriteria:TaskAchievement(i.e.howeffectivelythecandidatehasidentified,illustratedandreportedthekeyfeaturesoftheinformationinthetask)CoherenceandCohesion(i.e.howwelltheinformationandideasareorganised,presentedandlinked)LexicalResource(i.e.therangeofvocabularyused,howaccuratelyitisusedandhowappropriateitisforthetask)GrammaticalRangeandAccuracy(i.e.therangeofstructuresused,FocusonAssessmentAssessmentCriteriaThewritingscriptsaremarkedbyfullyqualifiedIELTSexaminers.Theexaminersaretrainedandmonitoredfollowingarigorousstandardisationprocess.Onthedayofyourtest,thewritingscriptsaredistributedrandomlytoagroupofexaminers.Eachwritingtaskisassessedindividuallyandassignedaseparatemark.Thefinalscoreisthencalculatedandafinalbandscoreisawarded.AcademicWritingbandscoresarereportedinwholebandsorhalfbands.,UnderstandingtheTaskForWritingTask1itisveryimportantthatcandidatesareabletounderstandinformationthatispresentedindiagram/graph/chart/tableform.Theymustalsobeabletochoosethemostsignificantinformationtoincludeintheirdescriptionandbesuretofocusontheoveralltrendswithinthedata(ifdataispresented)inordertogiveanoverviewofit.Theymayalsoneedtocompareandcontrastinformation.Tounderstandbetterhowcandidatesneedtoapproachthistask,itmayhelpyoutodothetaskyourselfandanalysewhatyouhadtodotoprovideagoodanswer.LookatthissampleWritingTask1.Completethetask,thinkingabouthowyouaredoingit.,Task2ForWritingTask2,candidatesarepresentedwithanopinion,problemorissuewhichtheymustdiscuss.Theymaybeaskedtopresentthesolutiontoaproblem,presentandjustifyanopinion,compareandcontrastevidenceoropinions,orevaluateandchallengeanargumentoridea.Candidatesmustwriteatleast250wordsandareadvisedtospend40minutesonthistask.WritingTask2assessmentisbasedonthefollowingcriteria:1)TaskResponse2)CoherenceandCohesion3)LexicalResource4)GrammaticalRangeandAccuracy,Howareanswersassessed?Examinersassesstheanswersaccordingtothesecriteria:TaskResponse(i.e.howfullyandappropriatelythecandidatehasansweredallpartsofthetask;theextenttowhichthecandidatesideasarerelevant,developedandsupported;theextenttowhichthecandidatespositionisclearandeffective)CoherenceandCohesion(i.e.howwelltheinformationandideasareorganisedandpresented,includingparagraphing;howwelltheinformationislinked)LexicalResource(i.e.therangeofvocabularyused,howaccuratelyitisusedandhowappropriateitisforthetask)GrammaticalRangeandAccuracy(i.e.therangeofstructuresused,howaccuratelytheyareusedandhowappropriatetheyareforthetask),Eachofthetasksisassessedseparatelybyatrainedandqualifiedexaminerandgivenascore.WritingTask2isworthmoremarksthanWritingTask1socandidatesshouldbesuretoleaveplentyoftimetocompleteWritingTask2.AcademicWritingbandscoresarereportedinwholebandsorhalfbands.,IELTSAcademicWritingTask2TaskDescriptionWhatarecandidatesrequiredtodo?InWritingTask2candidatesaregivenatopictowriteabout.Answersshouldbeadiscursiveconsiderationoftherelevantissues,asrequiredbytherubric（标题）.Thewritingstyleshouldbeformalandacademic.Candidatesshouldmakesurethattheyreadandanswerthequestionfully.Ifthetopiciscomputerstheyshouldmakesuretheyunderstandexactlywhataspectofcomputerstheyneedtodiscuss.Theyshouldnotsimplywriteaboutcomputersingeneral.Candidatesshouldwriteatleast250words.,写作总体要求及注意事项-从评分准则看注意事项,Criteria1)TaskAchievement/response2)CoherenceandCohesion3)LexicalResource(vocabulary)4)GrammaticalRangeandAccuracy,Task1注意图表题的误区：只有数字只有趋势过多议论,Task2注意事项,1任务完成情况(Taskresponse)(1)把题目看清楚切题（2）字数达到（3）用论据证明论点,Itisinevitablethatastechnologydevelopssotraditionalculturemustbelost.Technologyandtraditionareincompatible;youcannothavebothtogether.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththisopinion?Itisgenerallyacknowledgedthatfamiliesarenotascloseastheyusedtobe.Givepossiblereasonsandyourrecommendations.Childrennowwatchmoretelevisionthanatanytimeinthepast,.Writeanessayforauniversitylecturerconsideringitspotentialrisksandbenefits.Includerecommendations.,2关联词的运用（CoherenceandCohesion）Eg.终于考上大学了，理想实现了，可以歇歇了。（我）终于考上大学了，（我的）理想实现了，（所以）可以歇歇了。Iwasfinallyadmittedbytheuniversityandmydreamhasbeenrealized,thereforeIcantakearestnow.IcantakearestnowbecauseIwasfinallyadmittedbytheuniversity,whichmeantmydreamcametrue,英语重形合（hypotaxis）&汉语重意合（parataxis）英语是一种非常讲究语法的语言，而语法关系则通过一定的外显形态标记来表现；而中文则不用形态变化，靠词序、虚词、上下文关系等来表达语法关系。欧化的语法”一章中说：中国话里多用意合法，联结成分并非必须；西文多用形合法，联结成分在大多数情况下是必不可少的。”王力中国语法理论,在汉语中，连接手段是非必须的，是隐形的（Covertcohesion）；而在英文中，这种隐含的关系必须被“显性”化(Overtcohesion)。如：Eg：他买了台电脑，花了六千块。Heboughtacomputer,spent6000yuan.?Revised:Heboughtacomputerwhichcosthim6000yuan.或Hespent6000yuanonacomputer.他今天没来，妈妈住院了。Heisabsenttoday,motherisill.？Revised:Heisabsenttodaybecausehismotherishospitalized.,AnotherExample:我们换个地方，教室正在上课呢！Wechangeaplace,theclassroomishavingaclass.,但是，我们为什么贯彻得不好呢？没有钱。钱到哪儿去了呢？Butwhyhasntthisbeenimplementedwell?Becausethereisnomoney.Andwherehasallthemoneygone?,我们应该相互尊重，相互学习，取长补短，共同进步。Weshouldrespectandlearnfromeachotheranddrawuponothersstrongpointstooffsetonesowndeficienciesforachievingcommonprogress.,3词汇LexicalResourceIthinkIalsothinkIfinallythinkDoyouthinkso?No,Idontthinkso.,Example：Thinkaboutthissituation.Astude