国际企业管理1.ppt

国际企业管理,任课教师：朱吉庆博士讲师电子邮箱：harveyzjq,让我们一起来思考：,为什么要学习国际企业管理这门课程？企业为什么要从事国际商务活动？从事国际商务的企业与在国内经营有什么不同？一个在国内经营成功的企业应该如何向国际化发展，它能否在国际上同样获得成功？从事国际化经营的企业应该采取什么样的竞争战略？跨国企业应该如何有效地进行管理？,1.全球化是当今世界经济的主要时代特征之一2.国内竞争国际化、国际竞争国内化。面对日益国际化的中国市场和日益全球化的国际市场，作为今天的或未来的管理者，都有必要树立全球的经营视野，了解国际企业管理理论，掌握国际商务管理的知识和能力，以适应经济全球化条件下企业管理的需要。,教学性质与任务,本课程以跨国公司经营管理过程中的基本理论和实践问题为研究对象，介绍当代跨国公司经营和管理的基本理论、功能、方法、经验和思路。通过该课程的学习，让学生系统掌握基础性的跨国公司经营管理理论，了解国际企业经营管理所面临的不同的文化、政治、经济、法律制度，识别开展国际化经营需要正视的各类风险，掌握企业国际化经营过程中的管理问题及其解决思路，并在此基础上制定适当的国际化战略以及战略执行方案，培养学生具备宽阔的国际视野和鲜明的创新精神，实现奠定学生作为国际化经营管理专业人士必备的基础知识的目标。,教学基本要求,一是理论与实践结合，利用大量国内外案例，通过案例讨论使学生实际体验和把握企业国际化经营的关键和难点；二是要了解经济全球化以及新经济条件下企业国际化经营的新特征和新趋势，如竞争战略，战略联盟，跨文化管理中的国际化与当地化的关系等等。要求学生具备自主查阅相关文献资料并运用相关知识进行分析的自主学习能力，具有团队合作进行案例分析与报告的工作能力。,教学理念,以“学生为本”的教学理念，即以学生为中心，教师与学生的关系是“主体与主体”的平等的、朋友式关系，教师充当的是帮助学生主动学习和发展潜能的“促进者”、“鼓励者”和“帮助者”的角色。“主动参与和互动学习”的教学理念，即“教”与“学”是相互作用的动力系统，教学过程应该是与学生的主动建构过程。“问题导向和思考学习”的教学理念，即教学应是一个师生不断共同探索事物的过程，在此过程中，老师不再是唯一的拥有知识者与下达命令者，而是问题导向和沟通对话者，学生不再是驯服的听众，而是具有批判能力的思考者、具创造能力的参与者。,使用与参考教材,JohnB.Cullen,K.PraveenParboteeah著，国际企业管理：战略要径，清华大学出版社，2007年版Peng,M.W.GlobalStrategy（双语版），人民邮电出版社，2006薛求知刘子馨国际商务管理复旦大学出版社，2006年8月,希望大家协作的事,关掉所有带响的东西既来之则安之积极思考大胆发言既来之则动之不要希冀从课堂中得到某种“圣经”，尤其是对管理类的课程但认真的参与和体味会使你有所收获,考核要求,本课程成绩由以下组成:期末考试：50%随堂案例分析及作业：20%案例报告：20%考勤与课堂参与：10%无故缺课达三分之一者（6次及以上），取消期末考试资格或成绩无故迟到两次，算作一次旷课如果你自愿参与翻译哈佛商业评论论文，将视翻译质量，你会得到额外的5-10分的加分。如果各项加总，超过100分，以100分计算。,1.随堂案例分析及讨论要求,请在课前就提供的案例准备一份陈述。你可以单独准备，也可以和小组成员一起准备这个案例，请在课前准备好一份书面的关于案例问题的回答（打印，一页）。我们将在课堂上，讨论这些问题，你可能会被要求回答这些问题，请在课前阅读案例，并认真思考案例中的问题。下课后把你的书面回答交上来。Latewrittenassignmentwillbedowngradedby10%everybusinessday,2.案例报告要求,Yourguidingquestionis:Howtosolveastrategicproblemininternationalbusinessormultinationalmanagement?Thefirstpartwillbeacasestudyfocusingonahard-to-tacklestrategicproblem.Examplesinclude:(1)Howtoenteranewforeignmarket?(2)Howtogovernanewlyacquiredforeigncompany?(3)Howtodealwithsomeethicaldilemmas?,案例陈述要求,1.PPT制作，但必须保留复件2.请在上课之前将电子版的材料交给老师3.请按照后面的格式安排案例作业，如果有什么问题可向老师询问4.在陈述之后将由老师安排课堂讨论5.陈述的材料请在小组成员之间共享。请在上交教师的材料首页上注明小组成员之间的分工6.从第六周（3月30日）开始报告，每次两组进行案例PK，分为A、B两档，作为案例报告成绩。7.个同学一组，报告顺序由抽签决定。8.每组时间控制在15分钟以内，Iwillstopyouafter15m,案例陈述的各个部分,1.公司介绍2.在国际企业管理中所面临的问题3.对问题的详尽分析a.要运用所学到的理论：制度与文化分析、产业分析、资源与能力分析，SWOT分析、PEST分析等b.要有数据或引证或参考资料，可以是一手数据，也可以用二手资料4.决策：解决问题的建议与意见,Sincethecourseisbuiltalmostexclusivelyaroundthecasemethod,attendanceandparticipationareveryimportantandrequiredofeachstudent.Asintherealworld,thecasesarerichindetail,yetopen-endedandincompleteatthesametime.Therefore,donotapproachacaseasyouwouldabookchapteroramagazinearticle.Inordertoderivemaximumbenefitfromthecasemethod,itisessentialthatyoumentallygetinsidethecase.,案例报告评分标准,I.ContentIssues(60%)(a)Clarityofthestoryline(10%)(b)Useofconceptsandtheoriesappliedtothecase(20%)(c)Reasonablenessofanalysis(10%)(d)Appropriatenessofrecommendations/conclusions(20%),ProcessIssues(40%)(a)Effectivenessofpresentation(20%)(includingspeechposture,maintainingeyecontactwiththeaudienceinsteadofreadingoffthescript,useofvisualaids,timing,andanswerofquestions)(b)Effectivenessofwrittenreports(20%)(includingreadability,flow,logic,andorganization;useofsectionsandheadings,andpagenumbering;useofliterature;andattachmentssuchasgraphs,tables,andcalculations,wheneverapplicable),Normally,everybodyinthegroupgetsthesamegrade.However,ifthereisanysignificantfreerider,pleasefileacomplaintagainstthisindividual.Yourcomplaintwillbestrongerifthereareothermembersinyourgroupwhoalsofiletheircomplaints.Iwillinvestigateandtalktothatindividual.Therefore,anonymouscomplaintcannotbeentertained.Youwillhavetoreportyourname,考勤与课堂参与,Classparticipationwillbegradedbasedonthesubjectiveassessmentoftheprofessorforeachclass.Obviously,youcannotparticipateifyoumisstheclass.However,pleasenotethatyouwillnotearnfullmarkfor“classparticipation”ifyousimplyshowup.,DosforCaseDiscussions,KeepanopenmindRelateoutsideexperienceBeprovocativeandconstructive,DontsforCaseDiscussions,Donotmakesuddentopicchanges;recognizetheflowofdiscussionDonotrepeatyourselfandothersDonotcutotherstoscorepoints“Rememberitisthequalityofyourparticipation,notjustthequantity(or“airtime”),thatwillleadtogoodperformanceinclassdiscussion.,Thefollowingcriteriaareemployed:,Excellentclassparticipation:Thestudentconsistentlyattendsclass,consistentlycontributestocasediscussions,andconsistentlydemonstratessuperiorunderstandingandinsightsGoodclassparticipation:Thestudentconsistentlyattendsclass,consistentlycontributestocasediscussions,andoccasionallydemonstratessuperiorunderstandingandinsightsMediocreclassparticipation:Thestudentinconsistentlyattendsclass,inconsistentlycontributestocasediscussions,andrarelydemonstratessuperiorunderstandingandinsights.,问题与讨论,1.中国经济虽已取得了巨大的成就，但却没有自己的跨国公司，你是否认同这种观点？为什么？2.如果认同上述观点，中国为何培育不出自己的跨国公司？3.在跨国经营的背景下，中国企业所面临的挑战是什么？4.国际金融危机给中国企业带来的挑战与机遇是什么？请结合相关案例论证你的观点,1,MultinationalManagementinaChangingWorld,LearningObjectives,DefinemultinationalmanagementUnderstandthecharacteristicsofamultinationalcompanyUnderstandthenatureoftheglobaleconomyandthekeyforcesthatdriveglobalizationKnowthebasicclassificationoftheworldseconomiesIdentifythecharacteristicsofthenextgenerationofmultinationalmanagers,MultinationalManagement,Formulationofstrategiesandmanagementsystemstotakeadvantageofinternationalopportunitiesandrespondtointernationalthreats,TheNatureofTheMultinationalCompany,AnycompanythatengagesinbusinessfunctionsbeyonditsdomesticbordersIncludesbothlargeandsmallcompanies,Exhibit1.1TheLargestCompaniesintheWorld,Exhibit1.2The15citiesWithTheMostFortuneGlobal500Companies,TheGlobalizingEconomy,Globalization:theworldwidetrendoftheeconomiesoftheworldbecomingborderlessandinterlinked.,threedifferentviewsofglobalization,onethatseesglobalizationasarecentphenomenondrivenbytechnologicalinnovationsintransportationandcommunication,anotherrecognizestheearlyhistoricalrootsofglobalization,andathirdislikenedtoapendulumthatswingsfromoneextremetotheother.Semiglobalizationchoosesamiddlegroundbetweenunconditionalacceptanceofglobalizationandopposition.,NegativesofGlobalization,Notalleconomiesoftheworldarebenefitingequallyorparticipatingequallyintheprocess.Terrorism,wars,andaworldwideeconomicstagnationhavelimitedorreversedsomeaspectsofglobalization.Producingnegativeeffectssuchasscarcityofnaturalresources,environmentalpollution,negativesocialimpacts,andincreasedinterdependenceoftheworldseconomies.Wideningthegapbetweenrichandpoorcountries,TheBenefitsofGlobalization,Resultinginlowerpricesinmanycountriesasmultinationalsarebecomingmoreefficient.BenefitingmanyemergingmarketssuchasIndiaandChinaasthesecountriesenjoygreateravailabilityofjobsandbetteraccesstotechnology.MajorreasonwhymanynewcompaniesfromMexico,Brazil,China,India,andSouthKoreaarethenewdominantglobalcompetitors.,TheGlobalizingEconomy:7KeyTrends,DisintegratingbordersGrowingcross-bordertradeandinvestmentTheriseofglobalproductsandglobalcustomersTheinternetandinformationtechnologyPrivatizationsNewcompetitorsintheworldmarketTheriseofglobalstandardsofqualityandproduction,CountriesoftheWorld:TheArrived,TheComing,andTheStruggling,Developedcountries:matureeconomieswithsubstantialpercapitaGrossDomesticProduct,internationaltradeandinvestments.Developingcountries:economiesthathavegrownextensivelyoverpasttwodecadesE.g.,HongKong,Singapore,SouthKorea.,CountriesoftheWorld:TheArrived,TheComing,andTheStruggling,Transitioneconomies:countriesthathavechangedfrommostlycommunistsystemstomarket/capitalisticsystemsE.g.,Czechrepublic,Hungary,Poland.Emergingmarkets:thosecountriesthatarecurrentlybetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountriesandarerapidlygrowingE.g.,India,China,Brazil,andRussia.,CountriesoftheWorld:TheArrived,TheComing,andtheStruggling,Lessdevelopedcountries:haveyettoshowmuchprogressintheglobaleconomyMostarelocatedinCentralandSouthAmericaandAfrica.,Exhibit1.3:DivisionsoftheWorldsEconomies,Exhibit1.4:ForcesDrivingGlobalization,BordersareDisintegrating:TheWorldTradeOrganization,Formalstructureforcontinuednegotiationsandforsettlingtradedisputesamongnations.1947Nationsmettoreducetariffsfrom45%tolessthan7%-resultedintheGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade(GATT).1986NegotiationsbeganinUruguaytocontinuereducingtariffs.,WorldTradeOrganization,1997Tradeministersfromcountriesrepresenting92%ofworldtradeagreedtoeliminatetariffsonsoftware,computerchips,telecommunicationequipmentandcomputers.WTOhassomecritics.NotallcountriesareparticipatingequallyinWTO.,RegionalTradeAgreements,RegionalTradeAgreements-agreementsamongnationstoreducetariffsanddevelopsimilartechnicalandeconomicstandards.EuropeanUnion(EU)-includesalargenumberofEuropeancountries.Allowsfreemovementofgoodsandservicesandacommoncurrency.,RegionalTradeAgreements,TheNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement(NAFTA):linksUnitedStates,Canada,andMexicoinaneconomicbloc.AllowsfreerexchangeofgoodsandservicesTheAsia-Pacific-EconomicCooperation(APEC):looserconfederationof19Asiannationswithlessspecificagreementsontradefacilitation.,SellAnywhere,LocateAnywhere,Worldtradegrowth:averageof6.5%peryearbetween1990and2000.Nearlyhalfoftheover$5trillioninworldtradeisamongtheEuropeanunion,theU.S.,andJapantheTRIAD.,Exhibit1.6LeadingExportingandImportingCountries,SellAnywhere,LocateAnywhere,ForeignDirectInvestment(FDI):occurswhenamultinationalcompanyfromonecountryhasanownershippositionlocatedinanothercountry.FDIincreasedbymorethat36%between1996and2000.Post9/11hasseenadeclineinFDI.Nevertheless,itremainsasignificantfactor.,Exhibit1.7:TheGrowthofFDIinaFewEmergingMarketsandSelectedDevelopedCountries,ForeignDirectInvestment,DevelopedcountriesgetthebulkofFDI(69%)whiledevelopingcountriesgetaround30%.LeastdevelopedcountriesgetminimalFDI.Implicationsformanagers-significantopportunitiesaroundtheworld.Multinationalmanagersshouldlookatriskratingofcountries.,TwoTypesofRisks,Economicrisk:considersallfactorsofanationseconomicclimatethatmayaffectaforeigninvestor.Politicalrisk:anythingagovernmentmightdoornotdothatmightadverselyaffectacompany.,FactorsOutsideofTheControlofTheMultinational,TherecentincreasesinoilpriceshavethepotentialtoslowdownglobaltradeNaturaldisastersInternationalterrorism,TheInternetandInformationTechnology,ElectronicCommunication-E-mail,WorldWideWeb,etc.Allowsmultinationalstocommunicatewithcompanylocationsthroughouttheworld.Multinationalscanalsomonitorworldwideoperations.Informationtechnologyisspurringaborderlessfinancialmarket.,TheInternetandInformationTechnology,InformationtechnologiesmakeavailablemanynewtoolsthatfacilitatebusinessoperationsE.g.,Voice-Over-InternetProtocol(VOIP)suchasSkype,MSNMessengerandAOL,WIKIs,TheRiseofGlobalProductsandGlobalCustomers,TheneedsofcustomersformanyproductsandservicesaregrowingmoresimilarE.g.,McDonalds,Boeing,Toyota.Globalcustomerssearchtheworldfortheirsupplieswithoutregardfornationalboundaries.,Privatization,Saleofgovernment-ownedbusinessestoprivateinvestors,usuallythroughstockordirectsaletoothercompanies.Twotypesofprivatizationcontributetotheglobaleconomythedevelopedworldandthedevelopingworld.,Privatization-Types,TheDevelopedCountriesUseprivatizationtomakeformerlygovernment-controlledenterprisesmorecompetitiveintheglobaleconomy.TheDevelopingCountriesUseprivatizationtojump-starttheireconomiesortospeedthetransitionfromacommunisttoacapitalistsystem.,NewCompetitors,Freemarketreformsarecreatingapotentialgroupofnewcompetitors.Korean,Russian,Taiwanese,andMexicancompaniesareallemerging.Chinesecompaniesarealsoonthemove.,Exhibit1.9:Top25EmergingMarketEconomies,NewCompetitorsareEmerging,Globaltradehastwoimportanteffectsindevelopingnewcompetitors:Whendevelopingcountriesareusedaslow-wageplatformsforhigh-techassembly,multinationalsfacilitatethetransferoftechnology.Aggressivemultinationalsarealsoexpandingbeyondtheirownborders.,TheRiseofGlobalStandards,Companiescanmake1oronlyafewversionsofproductfortheworldmarket.Thisischeaperthanmakingdifferentversionsfordifferentcountries.Drivetodevelopcommonstandardstosavemoney.,GlobalStandards,Consistencyinqualityalsoan