肯尼迪就职演讲观后感

1 / 26 肯尼迪就职演讲观后感 美国第三十五任总统 John Fitzgerald Francis Kennedy 约翰 .弗 .肯尼迪 1961 年元月 20 日在首都华盛顿国会大厦前发表“就职演说”时，我在读初中三年级，学的是俄语。直到 1980 年，我才在美国出版的“ English For Today”“今日英语”教材的第五册里阅读到了这篇演说，而且还听了这篇演说的实况录音。现在这篇演说已被一字未删地选入 Advanced English“高级英语”， 21 Century College English “二十一 世纪大学英语”英语教材里作为高等院校的英语学习教材。 1980 年，那时大学外语教学还是很原始落后的。我想得到英语版的联合国“人权宣言”，但在当时武汉的中南财经学院图书馆里没有。找到武汉大学图书馆，那里才只有一本油印的“人权宣言”小册子。我想得到英文版的“中华人民共和国刑法”这书，武汉的外文书店买不到。我托原北京地院外语老师去北京外国专家局找有关专家打听此书，专家说，刑法英文译文由他翻译，正在他手里，由于没有出版，他不能外借。肯尼迪“就职演说”是在演说之后十九年被我们看到。时过境迁， 2016 年元月 20 日，全世界几乎所有的人都能从网上及各种媒体上听到，见到，读到美国第一位黑人总统奥巴马的“就职演说”。虽然有的人看到的是被有些媒体屏掉了，这些文字的演说，但是 1961年那时代的人能听到，见到，读到的是完全不能与今天相比2 / 26 的了！ 阅读翻译注释 1 、 Justice,President Eisenhower,Vice President Nixon,President Truman,Reverend Clergy,Fellow Citizens,we observe today not a victory of party,but a celebration of freedom symbolizing an end as well as a beginning signifying renewal,as well as I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three quarters world is very different man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state,but from the hand of God. 首席法官先生，艾森豪威尔威尔总统，尼克松副总统，杜鲁门总统，尊敬的神父，同胞们；我们今天庆祝的不是一次政党的胜利而是庆祝自由精神的胜利 - 这不仅象征结束 这还象征开始 意味着更新 也意味着变革。我在你们和全能的上帝面前宣读了将近一百七十年前我们祖先拟定的同一庒严的誓言。现在，这世界已完全不同了。3 / 26 人类把消除各种贫穷及毁灭各种形式的生活的力量握在巨手中 。然而，在全球，我们祖先为之奋斗的相同的革命信念仍然在争论之中 这信念 :人权不是来自国家的慷慨，而是来自上帝之手。 1： the same solemn oath: I do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States,and will,to the best of my ability,preserve protest and defend the Constitution of the United States.同一庒严的誓词：我郑重地宣誓我一定满怀信心地履任美国总统职务，尽我所能，维持，保护和防卫美国宪法。 2：林肯： four score and seven years ago,八十七年前；肯尼迪在此借用： nearly a century and three quarters ago 接近一百七十五年前 2. We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first the word go forth from this time and place,to friend and foe alike,that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans born in this century,tempered by war,disciplined by a hard and bitter peace,proud of our ancient heritage and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been 4 / 26 committed and to which we are committed today at home and around the world. 今天，我们不会忘记我们是第一次革命的后代。在此时此地，让我们的朋友和敌人都听到我们的讲话：火炬已传到了新一代美国人手里 生在本世纪，受过战争的考炼，经历艰难困苦的和平磨炼，以我们古老的传统而自豪 不愿意眼看着，不容忍我们美国一直承诺的 ,今天在美国及全球仍然在承诺的人权，不断地遭受践踏。 3、 Let every nation know,whether it wishes us well or ill,that we shall pay any price,bear any burden,meet any hardship,support any friend,oppose any foe,in order to assure the survival and the success of much we pledge and more. 让每一个希望我们好还是希望我们不好的国家知道，我们将不惜一切代价，承受一切负担，面对各种困难，支持所有朋友，反对一切敌人，以捍卫和争取自由的胜利。我们保证这些 而且不仅如此。 对偶：有意识地把词意相对的词语放在对称 的结构中形成对照。结构匀称，整齐，词的意义相反而互相衬托，使语言鲜明，使语义加强。 well or ill place and time 5 / 26 friend foe united,little we can not do,divided,little we can do. If a free society can not help the many who are poor,it can not save the few who are rich. It was the best of times,it was the worst of times, It was the age of wisdom 智慧 ,it was the age of foolishness 愚蠢 It was the epoch of belief 信仰， it was the epoch of incredulity 怀疑 It was the season of light,it was the season of darkness, It was the spring of hope,it was the winter of despair 绝望 , We had everything before us,we had nothing before us, We were all going direct to heaven,we were all going direct the other way.狄更斯：双城记 Tom gave up the brush with reluctance in his face,but eagerness in his heart. 马克。吐温： 排比：结构相同，意义并重，语气一致的词组或句6 / 26 子排列成串，形成一个整体。渲染，壮文势，广文义。使文章条理清楚，论点突出。 That we shall pay any price,bear any burden,meet any hardship,support any friend,oppose any foe, There was a song in every heart;there was cheer in every face and a spring in every step. Mark Twain: 4. To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share,we pledge the loyalty of faithful ,there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ,there is little we can do for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. 对那些和我们有着共同文化和精神渊源的老盟友，我们保证对挚友的忠诚。团结一致，我们在许多合作事业中将无往不胜。四分五裂，我们将一事无成。 - 因为，意见分歧，各行其是，我们就不能对付强大的挑战。 5. To those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free,we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far greater iron shall not always expect to find them supporting our we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom 7 / 26 and to remember that ,in the past,those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. 对那些我们欢迎他们加入自由行列的新国家，我们保证对现我们的诺言：一种形式的殖民控制的结束，决不能被更为暴虐的专制来代替。我们不总是指望看到他们支持我们的观点 ,但是，我们总是希望看到他们强烈的支持他们自己的自由 请记住，在过去，那些靠骑在虎背上愚蠢地寻找力量的人 ,必葬身虎腹。 1： One form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far greater iron tyranny. 否定的转移： Man does not live that he may eat but eats that he may live.人活着，不是为了吃；但是 ,吃，人才活下来。 I do not think you are right. The machine did not stop for lack of oil. 2： Those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. There once was a lady from Niger， Who smiled as she rode on a tiger. They came back from the ride, 8 / 26 With the lady inside, And the smile on the face of the tiger. 6. To those peoples in the huts and villages across the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery,we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves,for whatever period is required not because the Communists may be doing it,not because we seek their votes,but because it is right. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor,it cannot save the few who are rich. 对那些遍布在另一半地球上的茅屋荒村里，正在奋力打碎穷困锁链的各民族；我们保证，无认需要多长时间，将尽最大的努力，来帮助他们帮助他们自己 不是因为共产党可能做这些，也不是因为我们寻求他们在联合国里的选票，而是这样做是正确的。如果自由社会不能帮助那些众多穷人，那么它就不能拯救少数富人。 7. To our sister republics south of our border,we offer a special pledge to convert our good words into good deeds,in a new alliance for progress,to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. Let all our neighbors 9 / 26 know that we shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the mater of its own house. 对那些我们边界以南的各姐妹邻邦，我们提出特别的保证 在为进步而缔结成新的联盟中，把我们良好的诺言转变成有益的行动，支持自由的人们和自由的政府摆脱贫困的枷锁。但是，这种充满希望的和平革命不能成为敌对势力的牺牲品。让我们所有的邻邦知道，我们将和他们一起反对美洲大陆上任何地方的侵略和颠覆。让所有其他国家知道，西半球的人民决心继续做自己家园的主人。 8. To that world assembly of sovereign states,the United Nations,our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace,we renew our pledge of support to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run. 对联合国，这个主权国家的世界性议会组织，在战争手段远远超过和平手段这一时代，我们最美好和最后的希望之所在，我们重申我们对联合国支持的保证 防止它仅仅变成谩骂的讲坛 加强对新生国家和弱小国家的保护 10 / 26 扩大联合国的决议得以执行的范围。 ,to those nations who would make themselves our adversary,we offer not a pledge but a request: thatboth sides begin anew the quest for peace,before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction. 最后，对那些一定要使自己成为我们敌手的国家，我们不是做出保证，而是提出要求：我们双方重新开始谋求和平，不要等到被科学释放出的毁灭性的巨大威力因有意或无意的自我毁灭而吞灭全人类。 FRIDAY, JANUARY 20, 1961 Vice President Johnson, Mr. Speaker, Mr. Chief Justice, President Eisenhower, Vice President Nixon, President Truman, reverend clergy, fellow citizens, we observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom-symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning-signifying renewal, as well as change. For I have sworn I before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears l prescribed nearly a century and three quarters ago. The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of 11 / 26 hu man poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe-the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God. We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans-born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage-and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this Nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty. This much we pledge-and more. 12 / 26 To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do-for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. To those new States whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny. We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view. But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom-and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. To those peoples in the huts and villages across the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is required-not because the Communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who 13 / 26 are rich. To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge-to convert our good words into good deeds-in a new alliance for progress-to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the Americas. And let every other power know that this Hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations, our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew our pledge of support-to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective-to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak-and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run. Finally, to those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request: that both sides begin anew the quest for peace, before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by 14 / 26 science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction. We dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed. But neither can two great and powerful groups of nations take comfort from our present course-both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom, yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankinds final war. So let us begin anew-remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. Let us never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear to negotiate. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. Let both sides, for the first time, formulate serious and precise proposals for the inspection and control of arms-and bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead 15 / 26 of its terrors. Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce. Let both sides unite to heed in all corners of the earth the command of Isaiah-to undo the heavy burdens . and to let the oppressed go free.And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides join in creating a new endeavor, not a new balance of power, but a new world of law, where the strong are just and the weak secure and the peace preserved. All this will not be finished in the first 100 days. Nor will it be finished in the first 1,000 days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us begin. In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than in mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course. Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty. The graves of young Americans who answered the call to service surround the globe. Now the trumpet summons us again-not as a call 16 / 26 to bear arms, though arms we need; not as a call to battle, though embattled we are-but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle, year in and year out, rejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation-a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself. Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort? In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. I do not shank from this responsibility-I welcome it. I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it-and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you-ask what you can do for your country. 17 / 26 My fellow citizens of the world: ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man. Finally, whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth Gods work must truly be our own. 约翰 -肯尼迪 就职演讲 星期五 ,1961 年 1 月 20 日 首席法官先生、艾森豪威尔总统、尼克松副总统、杜鲁门总统、尊敬的牧师、各位公民： 今天我们庆祝的不是政党的胜利，而是自由的胜利。这象征着一个结束，也象征着一个开端，表示了一种更新，也表示了一种变革。因为我已在你们和全能的上帝面前，宣读了我们的先辈在 170 多年前拟定的庄严誓言。现在的世界已大不相同了，人类的巨手掌握着既能消灭人间的各种贫困，又能毁灭人间的各种生活的力量。但我们的先辈为之奋斗的那些革命信念，在世界各地仍然有着争论。这个信念就18 / 26 是：人的权利井非来自国家的慷慨，而是来自上帝恩赐。 今天，我们不敢忘记我们是第一次革命的继承者。让我们的朋友和敌人同样听见我此时此地的讲话：火炬已经传给新一代美国人。这一代人在本世纪诞生，在战争中受过锻炼，在艰难困苦的和平时期受过陶冶，他们为我国悠久的传统感到自豪 他们不愿目睹或听任我国一向保证的、今天仍在国内 外作出保证的人权渐趋毁灭。 让每个国家都知道 不论它希望我们繁荣还是希望我们衰落 为确保自由的存在和自由的胜利，我们将付出任何代价，承受任何负担，应付任何艰难，支持任何朋友，反抗任何敌人。 这些就是我们的保证 而且还有更多的保证。 对那些和我们有着共同文化和精神渊源的老盟友，我们保证待以诚实朋友那样的忠诚。我们如果团结一致，就能在许多合作事业中无在而下胜；我们如果分歧对立，就会一事无成 因为我们不敢在争吵下休、四分五裂时迎接强大的挑战。 对那些我们欢迎 其加入到自由行列中来的新国家，我们格守我们的誓言：决不让一种更为残酷的暴政来取代一种消失的殖民统治。我们并不总是指望他们会支持我们的观点。但我们始终希望看到他们坚强地维护自己的自由 而且要记住，在历史上，凡愚蠢地骑在虎背上谋求权力的人，19 / 26 都是以葬身虎口而告终。对世界各地身居茅舍和乡村，为摆脱普遍贪困而斗争的人们，我们保证尽量大努力帮助他们自立，不管需要花多长时间 之所以这样做，并不是因为共产 Taking the oath of Office 1. Vice President Johnson, Mr. Speaker, Mr. Chief Justice, President Eisenhower, Vice President Nixon, President Truman, reverend clergy, fellow citizens: 2. our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago. ? 修辞分析：运用了 Antithesis 的修辞手法，前后结构 一致，语义相反，容易吸引观众的注 意，达到演讲词开篇引人入胜的目的。这里“ a victory of party”和“ a celebration of freedom，”“ an end”和“ a beginning”等等分别构成对照，强调这不是一个政党的胜利，而是自由的胜利，是结束也是开端，是更新也是变革。 3. The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish? same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe 20 / 26 - the belief that the rights of man come ? 修辞分析：该段子划线部分都运用了 Repetition 的修辞手法。这里重复的使用主要是为了 分清层次，加强演讲词的节奏感和音律美，使读起来朗朗上口。 4. We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, - ? 修辞分析：该段落划线部分运用了Parallelism 的修辞手法。总共包括三组排比句，如段中 所示，第一组是过去分词引起的短语，第二组是形容词引起的短语，第三组是定语从句。排比句结构平衡 ,音韵和谐 ,语义紧凑 ,高潮迭起 ,极富感 召力与鼓动性。排比的大量使用既能起到突出演讲主题的作用 ,又能令句子流畅 ,读起来朗朗上口 ,极富音乐般的节奏和感染力。 - 1 - 5. ? 修辞分析：这句话运用了 Repetition 和Alliteration 双重的修辞手法。首先是头韵法，如段 中阴影部分，“ pay price“” bear burden“” survival success“” friend foe”等这些头韵法的合理使用不仅使演说朗朗上口 ,富于乐感 ,从而抓住听众的注意力 ,而且通过在词首重复使用相同的辅音 ,使得音 韵悠扬 ,节奏明快 ,增强21 / 26 了表现力 ,给人以深刻的印象 ,为演说增添了光彩。其二段中“ any”的重复使用使演讲者观点紧凑，重点突出，有能很有效的调动听众的情感，从而达到演讲的目的。 6. This much we pledge - and more. 7. To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends. a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. ? 修辞分析：段中划线部分运用了 Antithesis 的修辞手法。这里主要是“ united”和“ divided”的 对照，一方面使得两句话对称整齐，音律和谐，读起来脍炙人口。另一方面强调了语义的对立，突出了“如果团结一致，我们就能在许多合作事业中无往而不胜，如果分歧对立，我们便会一事无成”这个主要观点。 8. To those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, ? 修辞分析：该段划