新视野大学英语4完形填空翻译及答案.pdf

Unit ?1 Have you ever heard people say that they tend to be more of a right- brain or left- brain thinker?From books to television programs, you have probably heard the term mentioned numerous times, or perhaps you have even taken an online test to determine which type best describes you. Do different parts of the brain really control different bodily and mental functions? Over the years, a theory that has gained in popularity is that the right brain and the left brain are responsible for different modes of thought and that the way in which a person thinks will depend on which side of his brain works more actively. People who rely more heavily on the right half of their brain tend to be more imaginative and spontaneous. They are interested in patterns, shapes and sizes, for the right brain is associated with artistic ability like singing, painting, writing poetry, etc. Left-brain dominated people are quite opposite in the way they think. They tend to be more logical and analytical in their thinking and usually stand out in mathematics and word skills. While the different functions of the two brain parts may have been distorted and exaggerated by popular psychology, understanding your strengths and weaknesses in certain areas canI help you develop better ways to learn and study. For example, if you are usually stumped in trying to follow verbal instructions, an activity often cited as a right-brain characteristic, you can benefi t from writing down directions and developing better organizational skills. 你听过人们说他们更倾向于右脑或左脑思考者吗?从书籍到电视节目，你可能听过无数次提 到这个词，或者你甚至参加过在线测试，以确定哪种类型最适合你。 大脑的不同部位真的控制着不同的身体和心理功能吗?多年来，一种越来越流行的理论是， 右脑和左脑负责不同的思维模式，一个人的思维方式将取决于他的大脑哪个部分更活跃。 那些更依赖右半脑的人更有想象力和自发性。他们对图案、形状和大小感兴趣，因为右脑与 唱歌、绘画、写诗等艺术能力有关。他们在思维上更有逻辑性和分析性，通常在数学和文字 技能方面表现突出。 虽然大脑两个部分的不同功能可能已经被大众心理学扭曲和夸大了，但是了解你在某些领域 的优缺点可以帮助你找到更好的学习和学习方法。 例如，如果你在尝试执行口头指令时遇到了困难，这种行为通常被认为是右脑的特征，你可 以从写下方向和方向中获益 发展更好的组织能力。 Unit ?2 I was once in a relationship with a woman who was the most brilliant, creative and driven personId ever known. I told her these things often because she didnt see herself this way, despite achieving great success and acclaim (称赞) in her professional fi eld. She was also gorgeous and sexy, though she seemed not to realize this either, so I told her these things too. But whileI thought it was more important to praise her brilliance, it seemed to mean more to her that she was considered attractive. My experience with this girlfriend exemplifi es a common phenomenon in life when it comes to complimenting a woman, men often walk a very diffi cult line. Of course, context matters. In a professional setting, talking about appearance is often inappropriate, but at a singles club, it maybe important. She will be very pleased if a man thinks her clothes and accessories are pretty, or her hair looks wonderful. However, things in between these two cases are unclear. Women have every right to be recognized and appreciated for their intelligence and creativity. But at the same time, they want to be admired for their looks as well, for example, their perfect skin complexion and elegant outfi ts. Unfortunately, most guys dont understand this.If we receive compliments from women, theyre usually about our achievements, not our looks.Most of, us dont expect a woman to tell us how handsome sexy we are, and some of us would fi nd it hard to regard such a(n) comment as sincere. Im not saying its very hard to be a guy these days. It is important for everyone to understand how to treat women with both respect and admiration. But as far as the right balance of these two is concerned, we really have no frame of reference, especially when it comes to looks. 我曾经和一个女人有过一段感情，那个女人是曾经最有才华，最有创造力，最有动力的人。 我经常告诉她这些事情，因为她没有以这种方式看待自己，尽管在她的专业领域取得了巨大 的成功和赞誉。她也很华丽和性感，虽然她似乎也没有意识到这一点，所以我也告诉了她这 些事情。不过，虽然我认为赞美她的才华更重要，但对她来说，她认为她更具吸引力。 我与这位女朋友的经历体现了生活中一种普遍的现象，当说到恭维一个女人时，男人经常走 很困难的路线。当然，背景很重要。在专业环境中，谈论外表通常是不合适的，但在单身俱 乐部中，这可能很重要。如果一个男人认为她的衣服和配饰很漂亮，或者她的头发看起来很 棒，她会很高兴。但是，这两种情况之间的事情还不清楚。妇女有充分的权利因其智力和创 造力而得到认可和赞赏。但与此同时，他们也希望因其外观而受人钦佩，例如，完美的肤色 和优雅的服装。 不幸的是，大多数人不明白这一点。如果我们收到女性的赞美，通常是关于我们的成就，而 不是我们的外表。我们大多数人并不指望一个女人告诉我们我们是多么帅气，有些人我们很 难将这样的评论视为真诚。 我并不是说这几天成为一个男人很难 。 每个人都必须了解如何以尊重和钦佩的态度对待女性 。 但就这两者的恰当平衡而言，我们确实没有任何参照系，特别是在外观方面。 Unit ?3 In some urban centers, workaholism (工作狂) is so common that people do not consider it unusual:They accept the lifestyle as normal. Government workers in Washington D.C., for example, frequently work 60 to 70 hours a week. They dont do this because they have to; they do it because they want to. Workaholism can be a serious problem True workaholics, being deeply immersed in their work, allow themselves little or no time to take breaks. They like to work without being disrupted and they probably dont know how to relax. But is workaholism always bad? Perhaps not. There are people who work well under stress. Besides, some studies show that many workaholics have great energy and interest in their own sphere. Their work is so pleasurable that they are actually very happy. For most workaholics, work and entertainment are the same thing. Their work challenges them, keeping them busy and genuinely engaged. Why do workaholics enjoy doing their jobs so much? Of course they get paychecks from it, but it is hard to quantify the pleasure with money. It offers more than fi nancial security. Psychologists claim that work gives people an identity and provides them with self- confi dence. People have a feeling of satisfaction when they administrate a business well or complete.a challenging piece of work. In addition, most jobs provide a socially acceptable way for people to meet others. So, though some people are compulsive about their addiction seems to be a safe or even incomplete when they are involved in activities not related to work. 在一些城市中心，工作狂（workaholism）非常普遍，以至于人们不认为这是不寻常的：他 们接受正常的生活方式。例如，华盛顿特区的政府工作人员每周工作时间通常为60至70小 时。他们不这样做，因为他们必须;他们这样做是因为他们想要。 工作狂可能是一个严重的问题真正的工作狂，深深沉浸在工作中，让自己很少或没有时间休 息。他们喜欢在没有的情况下工作 中断，他们可能不知道如何放松。 但工作狂总是不好？也许不是。有些人在压力下工作得很好。此外，一些研究表明，许多工 作狂在自己的领域有很大的能量和兴趣。他们的工作非常愉快，其实他们非常开心。对于大 多数工作狂来说，工作和娱乐是一回事。他们的工作挑战了他们，使他们忙碌而且真诚地参 与其中。 为什么工作狂喜欢做这么多工作？当然，他们从中获得薪水，但很难用金钱来量化快乐。它 提供的不仅仅是财务安全。心理学家声称，工作给了人们一种身份认同，并为他们提供了自 信。当他们管理好一个企业或者完成某项业务时，人们会感到满意。这是一件富有挑战性的 工作。此外，大多数工作为人们提供了一种社交上可以接受的方式来满足他人。因此，虽然 有些人强迫他们上瘾，但当他们参与与工作无关的活动时，似乎是安全的，甚至是不完整的。 Unit ?4 Farming invariably interferes with the habitats of plants and animals. However, this does not necessarily mean that, agriculture and biodiversity are incomparable in fact, quite the opposite is true. The sustainable cultivation of plants for food and fed actually enables us to preserve biodiversity. By 2007, there were more than twice as many people living on the planet as there were in1961. Over the same period, the total amount of available arable (可耕的) land grew by just 10 percent. In comparison with population growth, the expansion of arable land was small. And there are limits to further expansion. A large proportion of the earths surface - like deserts - is not suitable for cultivation, and other areas are utilized by humans for roads and buildings. Some land that is rich in biodiversity needs to be preserved and thus should not be converted into arable land. The tropical rain forests, for example, have the highest species density in the world, and changing this land for crop cultivation would be dreadful to these species habitats and, indeed, existence. By 2050, global demand for food will have risen by 70 percent. But the expansion of land available for cultivation has its limits. This is one of the greatest challenges facing agriculture today: How do we balance the increased demand for food with the need to maintain biological diversity, now and in the future? Effi cient and sane use of land will be key to preserving natural animal and plant habitats. To achieve this aim will depend to a(n) considerable extent on the use of modern agricultural methods. If these methods are successfully applied, we believe that agriculture and biodiversity can coexist in harmony. 农业总是干扰植物和动物的栖息地。然而，这并不一定意味着农业和生物多样性实际上是无 法比拟的，恰恰相反。食物和饲料植物的可持续种植实际上使我们能够保护生物多样性。 到了2007年，地球上生活的人数比1961年增加了两倍多。在同一时期，可耕地的总量增加 了只有10。与人口增长相比，耕地面积扩大。进一步扩张是有限度的。地球表面的很大一 部分 - 如沙漠 - 不适合种植，其他地区也被人类用于道路和建筑物。一些丰富的生物多样性 土地需要保存，因此不应该转化为耕地。例如，热带雨林是世界上物种密度最高的地区，改 变这片土地种植作物对于这些物种的栖息地以及事实上的存在都是可怕的。 到2050年，全球食品需求将增长70。但可耕种土地的扩张有其局限性。这是当今农业面 临的最大挑战之一：我们如何平衡增加的食物需求与现在和将来维持生物多样性的需求？ 土地的高效和健全使用将是保护天然动植物栖息地的关键。为了实现这一目标，在很大程度 上取决于现代农业方法的使用。如果这些方法成功应用，我们相信农业和生物多样性可以和 谐共存。 Unit ?5 Stereotypes have some truth mixed in with a few generalizations. Sometimes these generalization can be misleading as they are often based on observation of the exterior behavior of people in a certain culture. Spaghetti, pasta, mafi a (黑手党), gestures, fashion - these are some words commonly used to describe Italians. How much truth is there in the stereotype? As an Italian myself, I will give you some insights into theItalian soul and clarify some misunderstandings that foreigners have about us. Spaghetti and pasta are sacred. You cant take pasta away from an Italian meal; otherwise it wont be complete. A typical Italian meal generally includes pasta as a starter, fi sh or meat with salad as the main course followed by fruit or dessert, and then coffee. But there are considerable regional differences in Italy, and hence inconsistencies between the stereotype and reality. For instance, you might fi nd risotto (加有肉、鱼或蔬菜的调味饭) replacing pasta in some places! The Mafi a is real: We are not proud of it, but it does exist, especially in the South and on the island of Sicily. Obviously, not every Italian is a member of the Mafi a, and most will be offended if you use the term, even if you are just joking. Yes, the way we speak is unique. Italians use gestures a lot in communication. We simply cannot talk without our hands. If the hands are busy doing something else, we start moving shoulders or other parts of the bo