英语电影赏析

NarrativeBasicStories,Narrative,Story,andPlot,Narrative,story,andplotarethebasictermsusedwhenanalyzingthenarrativestructure（叙事结构）ofafilm.Althoughtheyaresometimesusedinterchangeably(可交换的)，theyalsohavemoreprecisemeaningsthatcanhelpustodrawsomeusefuldistinction.DavidBordwellandKrisinThomasinFilmArtAnIntroduction电影艺术入门)definethemasfollows:,Definition,Narrative（storyline)Achainofeventsincause-effectrelationships(因果关系)occurringintimeandspace.StoryAlltheeventsthatweseeandhear,plusallthosethatweinferorassumetohaveoccurred,arrangedintheirpresumedcausalrelations,chronologicalorder,duration,frequencyandspatiallocations.PlotAlltheeventsthataredirectlypresentedtous,includingtheircausalrelations,chronologicalorder,duration,frequency,andspatiallocations.,Example-LifeofPi,Narrative（storyline)AteenagerboynamedPilosthisfamilyinshipwreckanddriftonPacificOceanfor227daysStoryThesecondstoryor“yourstoryofPi”PlotAyoungmanwhosurvivesadisasteratseaishurtledintoanepicjourneyofadventureanddiscovery.Whilecastaway,heformsanunexpectedconnectionwithanothersurvivor:afearsomeBengaltiger.(FromIMDB）-thefirststoryThekeydistinctionisthatbetweenstoryandplot:Storyistheviewersimaginaryconstructionofalltheeventsinthenarrativewhetherpresentedtousornotwhileplotisthefilmsactualpresentationofcertaineventsinthenarrative.,TheBasicStories,WriterssuchasRoryJohnstonhavearguedthattherearealimitednumberofstoriesthatformthebasisforallfictionalnarratives.Thesestorieshavebeennamedasfollows.*Theycanoccuraloneorincombination*Thesestorycategoriesshouldbeinterpretedquiteloosely.,TheBasicStories,AchillesThe“Achilles”storyisthestoryoftheseeminglyinvulnerable(不会受伤的，无懈可击的)herowithafatalflaw.ClassicaltragedyisusuallyavariantoftheAchillesstory.,AchilleswasaGreekheroandgreatestwarrioroftheTrojanWar.LaterlegendsstatethatAchilleswasinvulnerableinallofhisbodyexceptforhisheel.Becauseofhisdeathfromasmallwoundintheheel,thetermAchillesheelhascometomeanapersonspointofweakness.,Example:,SupermanFatalFlaw:kryptonite氪气石concernwiththepeoplehelovesandcares,1.Aflawlesshero?,2.Fatalflawsofhumanbeings,Question,Greed,Jealousy,Sluggishness,Prejudice,Arrogance,TheBasicStories,CandideThestoryoftheinnocentabroad,thenativelyoptimisticherowhotriumphscontrarytoallexpectations,Example:,Mr.BeansHoliday(2007)Mr.BeanwinsatriptoCanneswhereheunwittinglyseparatesayoungboyfromhisfatherandmusthelpthetwocomebacktogether.OnthewayhediscoversFrance,bicycling,andtruelove,amongotherthings.,EnglishVinglish印式英语(2012)Thestoryofaquiet,sweettemperedhousewifewhoenduressmallslightsfromherwelleducatedhusbandanddaughtereverydaybecauseofherinabilitytospeakandunderstandEnglish.Sheisresourcefulandopen-mindedbutsomehowthesetraitsdontgetnoticedbythem.ThenonedayonatriptovisithersisterinManhattanshedecidestoenrollinanEnglishLearnersclassandmeetsahostofnewpeoplewhoteachhertovalueherselfbeyondthenarrowperspectiveofherfamily.,ForrestGump（1994）,TheBasicStories,CinderellaThestoryofthe“dreamcomestrue”:Goodnessandvirtuearedespised（轻视）atthebeginningbutrecognizedatlast.TheprotagonistoftheCinderellastoryusuallybeginsinalowlypositionbut,throughhisgoodnature,convincesalldoubters(怀疑者)andisrewarded.,Zootopia（2016）,Example,1950,2002,2007,2015,Myfairlady(1964),ThePrincessDiaries(2001),Prettywoman(1990),ThePursuitofHappyness(2006),Question：IsGreatGatsbyaCinderellastory?,TheBasicStories,CirceThe“chase”storyinwhichaninnocentvictimispursuedbythevillain,untilthevillainisdefeatedbythepotentialvictim.Oftenthisstorytakestheformofthetemptress(诱惑男人的女性）ensnaring(诱捕)thelove-struck(被爱情冲昏了头的)male;ithasoftenbeenvividlydescribedas“thespiderandthefly”.Itisthebasisofhorrorfilms,thrillers,andfilmnoir(黑色电影).,VictimV.S.Villain,Whoisthespider？,SpiderV.S.Fly,Example,Fatalattraction(1987)HappilymarriedNewYorklawyerDanhasanaffairwithhiscolleagueAlex,andthetwoenjoyaloveweekendwhileDanswifeandkidareaway.ButAlexwillnotletgoofhim,andshewillstopatnothingtohavehimforherself.Justhowfarwillshegotogetwhatshewants?(fromIMDB),Example,Gonegirl(2004)Withhiswifesdisappearancehavingbecomethefocusofanintensemediacircus,amanseesthespotlightturnedonhimwhenitssuspectedthathemaynotbeinnocent.,BlackCoal，ThinIce(2014)Anexcopandhisexpartnerdecidetofollowuponinvestigationofaseriesofmurdersthatendedtheircareersandshamedthem,whenidenticalmurdersbeginagain.,Example,FaustThestoryofanindividualwhosellshissoultothedevil,enjoysabriefperiodofpowerandprosperity,buteventuallyiscalledupontorepaythedebt.TheFauststorycanalsotaketheformofthedarksecretthatcanneverbecompletelysuppressed,orthepersonalhistorythatcannotbeevaded.Thedevilisnotusuallyaliteraldevilbutametaphorical(隐喻的)onei.e.money,success,powerorfame.,TheBasicStories,GhostRider(2011)WhenthemotorcyclistJohnnyBlazefindsthathisfatherBartonBlazehasaterminalcancer,heacceptsanagreementwiththeDevil,givinghissoulforthehealthofhisbelovedfather.Butthedevildeceiveshim,andBartondiesinamotorcycleaccidentduringanexhibition.ThedevilproposesJohnnytoreleasehiscontractifhebecometheGhostRideranddefeathisevilsonBlackheart,whowantstopossessonethousandevilsoulsandtransformhellonearth,Example,TheGreatGatsby(2013)BootleggerinProhibitionEra,RomeoandJulietTheclassic“star-crossedlovers(命运不佳的情侣)”storyinwhichamajorobstaclestandsinthewayof(阻挠）truelove.TristanThelovetriangle:Amanlovesawoman,butoneofthemisalreadyinvolvedwithsomeone(orsomething)else.The“thirdparty”intherelationshipisusuallyaperson,butitmaybesomethingmoreabstract(e.g.acause,amission,adestiny).,TheBasicStories,JayGatsby,Daisy,TheGreatGatsby(2013),Nick,Jack,Rose,Sinking-ship/Accident,Titanic(1997),Carl,AND,Romeo,Juliet,RomeoandJuliet(1996),Family,AND,Sam,Molly,Ghost(1990),DEATH,AND,Will,Viola,ShakespeareinLove(1998),socialclassstatus,AND,Roy,Myra,WaterlooBridge(1940),WAR,TIME,Benjamin,Daisy,TheCuriousCaseofBenjaminButton（2008）,Timing,Jack,Ennis,socialandpsychologicalrestraints,BrokebackMountain（2005),Routine,TedKramer,JoannaKramer,Kramervs.Kramer(1979),OrpheusThestoryofthegiftthatistakenaway.Thegiftcouldbesomethingpersonal,alovedone,anabilityofsomekind,everythingvaluableinlife,orevenlifeitself.Thestorycanfocusonthetragedyofthelossitselforthesearchthatfollowstheloss.TheWanderingJewThe“WanderingJew”isthestoryofthepersecuted（迫害）oralienatedtravelerwhowillneverreturnhome.，broadlyrefertothestoryofanindividualwhoisalienatedfromhissocietyandcanneverproperlyreintegrate.,TheBasicStories,LifeofPi(2013),Example,12yearsaslave(2013)Inthepre-CivilWarUnitedStates,So