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语法(五)介词,介词的相关概念和用法:1,介词的概念:介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词,起“媒介”作用。2,介词后加宾语,即名词或代词性质的词。例如:I am in school . in the morning 例如:Thanks for helping me . What about going for a walk ?3,介词的分类: ,时间介词;,地点介词;,方式介词;,目的介词;,原因介词; ,运动方向介词;,比较介词;等等等等。,介词的分类:一、表示时间的介词常考的时间介词有at, in, on“在”1. at表示“在某一时间点”,或用来表示不确定的时间和短期的假日、时节等。如:at six oclock, at Easter2. in表示“在某一时间段”,如用在月、季、年份、时代、世纪等。如:in July/summer/2000/ancient times/the 1999sin the morning/afternoon/evening3.on表示在特殊或具体的日子。如:on Saturday, on Saturday morning, on the morning of August 1st , on Mid-autumn Day4.注意:当表示时间的名词前,有this / last / next / every时,前面不需要加介词。 【小练习】:There are four seasons _ a year.What do you wear _ winter?We have no classes _ Sundays.My birthday is _ September.My birthday is _ June 18th. ( ( ) 1 Children get gifts _ Christmas and _ their birthdays.A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on( ) 2 -There is nothing _tomorrow afternoon, is there? -No. We can have a game of table tennis. A. on B. in C. out D. up( ) 3 A lot of students in our school were born_March, 1981. A. in B. at C. on D. since( ) 4 Tim suddenly returned_ a rainy night. A. on B. at C. in D. during( ) 5 My grandfather was born_Oct. 10, 1935. A. on B. in C. at D. of( ) 6 The train is starting_five minutes. A. in B. at C. for D.still( ) 7 Mike does his exercises _ seven _ the evening. A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on ( )8She will come back _ next week. A. in B. at C. on D./ ( )9They played basketball _ last night. A. in B. at C. on D./4. since, from, 和for (拔高部分)1)since 指从某时一直延续至今,后接时间点,主句用完成时。如:He has lived here since 1993.2)from 说明开始的时间,谓语可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态。如:From now on, I will learn English in the morning.3)for 指动作延续贯穿整个过程,后接时间段,表示“持续时间”。主句用完成时。如:I have studied English for six years.5. after 与in “在之后” 1)after 与时间段连用,用于过去时。如:They finished the work after two years.2)after 与时间点连用,用语将来时。如:Ill ring you up after two oclock. 3) in与时间段连用,指“在之内”,表示从说话起的一段时间内,常用将来时。如:The bus will be here in ten minutes.6. by “到以前为止” (拔高部分)“by + 时间点”表示“到以前为止”,如果by后跟一个过去的时间点应用过去完成时。如:We had learned 1000 English words by the end of last term.7.“during +时间段” “在期间” (拔高部分)与延续性动词连用表示某期间的动作。 如:He lives with us during these years.8. until 用于否定句中,意为“直到才”,其前的谓语动词多用瞬间性动词;用于肯定句中,意为“直到为止”,其前的谓语动词须用延续性动词。如: I didnt leave until my mother came home. I waited for my mother until she came home.9. before和after 表示时间,分别意为“在之前”和“在之后”。如: Please bring your homework before ten oclock. 【小练习】:练习1:( ) 1 The teacher is coming back_ an hour. A. after B. for C. in D. before ( ) 2 She lived in the mountain village_ the years 1940-1950. A. between B. during C. in D. since ( ) 3 Miss Wang will come to Beijing_ two days. A. after B. in C. on D. before ( ) 4 The American Civil War lasted four years before the North won _ the end. A. by B. at C. in D. on 练习2:( ) 1 Mary had finished her homework_ the time I got home. A. until B. by C. at D. when ( ) 2 We stayed at the lab_ our teacher returned. A. till B. by C. during D. while ( )3 They didnt leave the station_ they get on the train. A. until B. by C. after y D. at 练习3:(拔高题)1( )Both Mary and Betty will get married this year. Mary is going to begin their honeymoon Christmas while Betty _New Years Day. A. on; on B. at; in C. at; on D. by; on 2( )Suffering from the terrible earthquake, the victims often awake several times _the night and sometimes they even cannot sleep _night. A. in; at B. at; in C. during; in D. in; during 3( )He went abroad for further education _a few weeks. He will go abroad for further education _a few weeks. A. in; in B. after; after C. in; after D. after; in 4( )No hurry! The train will be here _a few minutes. No hurry! The train will be here _twelve oclock. No hurry! The train will be here _lunch. A. after; in; at B. in; after; after C. after; in; after D. in; after; in 5( )The horrible earthquake struck Wenchuan _the afternoon when I was travelling there. A. in B. on C. during D. within6( ) Last night Mr. Crook didnt come back at the usual time. Instead, he met some friends and _out _ midnight. It was _ midnight that they reached the camp site. A. stayed; until; not until B. stayed; until; until C. didnt stay; until; until D. didnt stay; until; not until 练习4:( ) 1 Children wake up very early_the morning of Christmas Day. A. in B. on C. for D. at ( ) 2 _ a cold winter morning, I met her in the stfeet. A. In B. On C. At D. For ( ) 3 It happened to be very cold_ the morning of our sports meet. A. at B. on C. with D. of ( ) 4 Why did you get up so early _ this morning. A. on B. / C. at D. in 练习5:( ) 1 He went to Shanghai_ September 3, 1991 and came back_ a cold morning last year. A. in; on B. on; in C. on; on D. in; ia ( ) 2 Lucy was born_ the night of May 12, 1984. . . A. on B. in C. at D. to ( ) 3 Mrs Brown came to China _ 1996. A.on B. of C. to, D. in ( ) 4 _ the morning of November 20, 1915, the workers came to Chicago to show their mourning_Joe Hill. A. On; to B. In; of . C. On; for , D. At; for ( ) 5 Ann moved_Hangzhou_September, 1992. A. /; in i B. to; in C. to; on D, in; in ( ) 6 They started off_an autumn afternoon. A. during B. at C. in D. on 练习6:( ) 1 He often goes _ school _ six thirty _ the morning. A. for; to; in B. to; at in C. to; for; at
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