名词练习汇总.doc

一、对同义词、近义词的考查 1、 At the meeting they discussed three different_to the study of mathematics。 Aapproaches Bmeans Cmethods Dways 【答案】D。【解析】在会议上他们讨论了三种不同的学习数学的方法。way意为“方式，方法”，可指具体的方法，也可指抽象的方法，多指一般的思想、行动、办事的方法，也可指个人特殊的方式、方法。approach意为“接近，靠近，方式，方法”，指接近某人或某事，也可指对待或处理事情的方式或方法。mean意为“方式，方法”，用于抽象意义，可指为达到某一目的而采用的方法、计划、政策、策略等，尤指整套方法；用于具体意义，常指为达到某一目的所使用的工具、材料、机器、用具、车船等。method意为“方式，方法”，指具体的、系统的、有步骤的方法，强调条理性及高效率。 二、对相似词的考查 2、Always read the_on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine. A. explanations B. instructions C. descriptions D. introductions 【答案】B。【解析】 explanation，“解释”；instruction，“说明”；description，“描述”；introduction，“介绍”。本句的意思是“必须仔细阅读药瓶上的说明，按量服用”。答案是B。三、易错的新版教材名词固定搭配 3、_achievement，last weeks ministerial meeting of the WTO here earned a low,though not failing，grade AIn terms of BIn case of CAs a result of DIn face of 【答案】A。【解析】语境为：就成绩而言，上周WTO在这里的部长级会议得分不高，尽管还不至于不及格。B项表“如果”，C项表“因为”，D项表“面对”，A项表“关于、至于”，符合题意。 4、You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of_。 Adate Bshape Corder Dbalanee 【答案】B。【解析】你坐在我帽子上，帽子已严重变形了。out of shape意为“变形”；out of date意为“过时”：out of order意为“混乱”；out ofbalance 意为“失衡”。 四、考察单词基本义的引申和拓展 5、To make members of a team perform better,the trainer first of all has to know their _ and weaknesses Astrengths Bbenefits Ctechniques Dvalues 【答案】A。【解析】语境为：要使队员表现得更好，教练员首先得清楚每个队员的优点和缺点。B项表“利益、好处”，不合题意。而A项除表体力外，还可引申为可数名词something providing force or power优点、强项，符合语境。 【精选试题】 名校模拟题及其答案1、To the great of the citizens, no one else was infected with H1N1 except the 12 confirmed cases .A. relaxationB. disappointment C. reliefD. surprise2、The twentieth century has witnessed an enormous worldwide political, economic and cultural_.Atransplant Btransformation Ctransportation Dtranslation3、The map was drawn to the standard _ of 1:100,000. So there was not much detail.A. route B. line C. rate D. scale4、Achieving a high degree of proficiency in English as a foreign language is not a mysterious without scientific basis.A process B practice C procedure D program5、Mr Smith had an unusual :he was first an office clerk, then a sailor,and ended up as a school teacher.A profession B occupation C position D career6、Because of its intimacy,radio is usually more than just a medium;it is . A firm B company C corporation Dbusiness 7、The financial crisis has put the world economy in a difficult _. A. occasion B. condition C. evaluation D. situation8.Paul has gone abroad to try his luck.In my _, his decision is not wise. A. word B. view C. sight D. way9.Jack Brown is very clever and he studies hard as well.No _ he comes out first in the exams. A. answer B. question C. wonder D. problem10. As is well known, the brain performs a very important _, which controls the nerve system of the body. A. motion B. action C. function D. fact11. At the meeting they discussed three different to the study of mathematics.A. means B. methods C. ways D. approa hes12. The of Green Olympics, High-tech Olympics and Peoples Olympics will allow Beijing to become the focal point for tourists fr.m across the globe.A. theme B. purpose C. task D. brand13. On yesterdays interview, he didn t make a(n) at all ; what s the matter with him?A. apology B. appearance C. difference D. change14.-If you like,l can do some shopping for you.-Its a very kind A. service B. point C. suggestion D. offer15. It was difficult to guess what her to the news would be.A. feeling B. opinion C. comment D. reaction16. What he told us about the situation simply doesnt make any A. sense B. idea C. meaning D. mistake17. Increasing supplies of fruits and vegetables to enable all people to have _ to them is a majorchallenge.A. attempt B. allowance C. access D. admission18. Jeff,a British hiker,has prepared a variety of clothes of different for his travel from South China to the Noah.A. measures B. weights C. sizes D. lengths19. We need to consider what we will be using for language training.A. abilities B. appliancesC. facilities D. qualities20. Most air pollution is caused by the burning of like coal, gas and oil.A. fuels B. articlesC. goods D. products2l. The kind of office equipment will certainly make a(n) to the way 1 do my job.A. sense B. difference C. effect D. meaning22. l was really unwilling to play chess with him, but 1 had to meet the from him.A. demand B. challenge C. need D. competition23. He isn t honest at all. Under no should you lend him any money.A. time B. case C. circumstances D. means24. Don t try to persuade ynur boss ; he won t have the of employing me - a fresh student.A. intention B. attention C. sense D. attraction25. When he first went for treatment at the hospital he seemed to be a hopeless A. situation B. case C. condition D. state26. I bought a new type of cellphone, which was the of all my classmates.A. wish B. respect C. envy D. admire27. There s no from my bedroom window except for some factory chimneys.A. view B. scene C. sight D. look28. The Chinese are looking forward to the first to land on the Moon after Yang Liweis successful trip to space.A. measure B. attempt C. purpose D. desire29. She is in a poor of health, which worries her mother very much.A. position B. situation C. state D. condition30. Some famous singers live on the from their record sales.A. salary B. value C. bill D. income专题练习1._from Beijing to London!A.How long way it is B.What a long way is it C.How long way is it D.What a long way it is 2.Weve worked out the plan ,and now we must put it into_. A.fact B.practice C.reality D.deed 3.Electrcity , like other forms of _ ,has greatly increased in price. A.pressure B.force C.strength D.energy4That fellow is clever ; he has _. A.brain B.a brain C.the brain D.brains5.Julie went to the _ to buy a pair of shoes. A.shoes store B.shoes store C.shoe store D.shoes store 6.Those _ took lots of _ in the Summer Palace. A.Germen; photoes B.Germen; photos C.Germans; photos D.Germans; photoes7.All possible means _ to save the hero. A.has tried B.have tried C.has been tried D.have been tried8.Whose car is it ? Its_. A.Tom and Mary B.Toms and Marys C.Toms and Mary D.Tom and Marys9.There are 5_ in th fields. A.heads of cattles B.heads of cattle C.head of cattles D.head of cattle 10.He is the very thief the police _ looking for . A.is B.are C.has D.have11.All but Jack _ here just now . A.is B.are C.was D.were 12.He knows almost everything .So we say he is a man of many _. A.knowleges B.presents C.gifts D.rewards13.Carelessness is the usual _ of fire. A.way B.excuse C.cause D.reason14.The girl is quite _to her mother now . A.a help B.helps C.help D.helpness15._is coming to give us a lecture . A.A manager and an expert B.A manager and expert C.Manager and expert D.Manager and an expert16.Most of the bridges over the river are made of _. A.stone B.the stone C.a stone D.the stones17.If you hurt her _ ,you should apologize. A.feelings B.feel C.feels D.feeling18.Ill go and call at _ right after school. A.the doctor B.the Smiths C.Smith D.my uncles19.The shop will be closed during_. A.repairs B.a repair C.repair D.repairing20.The_we saw yesterday come out to the farm once in a while. A.mouse B.deer C.dog D.cow21.My brother didnt find army life to his _. A.like B.taste C.quality D.favour22.Though they hadnt met for long ,he recognized her _. A.voice B.noise C.sound D.laughter23.Learning that they were to have a picnic,the children were in _. A.the high spirit B.high spirits C.a high spirit D.high spirit24.After _ silence ,they began to write letters to each other . A.three-year B.a three-year C.three years D.three yearss25.If these trousers are too big ,buy a smaller_. A.copy B.pair C.piece D.set 26.That daughter of Jacks is _. A.a good fun B.good runs C.good fun D.good funny27._will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas.(93年上海高考题) A.The Evenses B.The Evens C.The Evenses D.The Evens28.He is one of the most successful_ in the city. A.newspapers writer B.newspaper writers C.nesapapers writer D.newspaper writer29.Where is your brother? At_. A.Mr Greens B.Greens C.the Mr Greens D.the Greens30.Are you _ ,Mr Black? Yes ,I speak_. A.English ; the English language B.the English ; English C.an Englishman; on English language D.an English ; English【答案与解析】1C【解析】句意为为了市民的极大的安慰，没有其他人被感染，除了12个确诊病例H1N1病毒。C符合题意，变革。2B【解析】句意为在政治、经济、文化等方面，二十世纪经历了一场全球范围的大变革。选项中三个选项前缀trans-（转移，变换），B符合题意，变革。3D【解析】scale在此题中意指“（实物与地图、图解等代表物间的）比例，比例尺”.be drawn to be standard scale of 1/100,000(按照十万分之一标准比例尺绘制)。4A解析 近义名词辨析，该句的主语是动名词结构achieving，谓语是is，表语是not a mysterious 。空格处填入的是表语的核心名词，介词结构without science basis作后置定语修饰该名词。practice意为“练习，实践”，program意为“节目，程序，计划”，两者不符合句意，首先排除。procedure和process都可表示“过程”，但procedure强调过程中经历的程序、手续、步骤，如：Making a complaint is a simple procedure.（申诉的手续相当简单。）process则指（为达到某一目标的）过程、进程，如：Coming off the drug was a long and painful process for him.（戒毒对他是个漫长、痛苦的过程。）本句强调的是学习英语的过程，应选Aprocess。句意为： 在作为外语的英语方面达到很高水平并非是一种毫无科学根据的神秘过程。5D解析 名词辨析，profession指“（需要教育、大量训练和专门学习的法律、医学、教育等脑力劳动方面的）专业或职业”，如：the professions of law, medicine, and engineering(法律、医学和工程职业)。occupation意为“职业，行业，位置”，指成为正常的生活来源的一项活动，如：He has no fixed occupation. (他没有固定职业。) position意为“（雇用）职位，工作，职务”，如：Hes got a good position.（他谋得一份好工作。）career可指“事业, 生涯”，也可指“某人工作经历或事业上取得成就的总的过程或进程”，如：an officer with a distinguished career（有着卓越成就的军官）。题句冒号后的内容是对前面的补充说明，即，介绍了史密斯先生一生从事过的工作，这些工作单独来看是职业，但总的来看，是他的生涯。因此，应选Dcareer。句意 史密斯先生有着不寻常的人生：他起初当过办公室职员，然后当海员，最终做了一名教师。6B解析 名词辨析，乍一看，选项的四个词都有“公司、企业”的意思，但是这个解释不合句意，这时考生需要考虑词汇的引申义。Bcompany除了表示“公司”，还有“同伴、陪伴”之意，如：I enjoy his company.（我喜欢和他在一起。）B代入后，符合句意，为正确选项。由于收音机给人以亲切感，所以它不只是一个媒体，还可以与人作伴。7 D【解析】经济危机使世界经济陷入困难的境地。A场合；B状况，条件；C评价。8 B【解析】in my view=in my opinion 我认为他的决定不明智。9 C【解析】It is no wonder that/ No wonder为固定句型，意为：难怪。本句句意为：难怪他在考试中老是第一。10 C【解析】句意：众所周知，大脑起着重要的作用，它控制着人体的神经系统。A项移动，运动；B项行动，function功能，作用。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m11 D 。【解析】四个选项的本义都是方法但是从后面的介词to可以确定，D为正确答案。12 A 。【解析】theme主题；purpose目的；task任务；brand商标，牌子。结合语境可知A为最佳答案。13 B 。【解析】句意为昨天的向试，他根本没露面。他出什么事了。make an apology道歉；make an appearance露面，在场；make a difference有变化，有影响；make a change有改变。由句意可知，答案选B。14 D。【解析】从上句看是说话者主动提出帮助，本句是对说话者的答谢，所以答案选D。15 D。【解析】考查名词辨析。feeling感觉，态度；opinion意见，看法；comment评论，解释；reaction对的反应，结台本题语境可知，D为最佳答案。16 A。【解析】make sense 等于be reasonable合情合理，17 C。【解析】have access to do sth固定搭配。1 8 B。【解析】different weights不同的重量，结合句