实验中学：初中六大时态.doc

动词have的一般现在时在一般现在时态的句子中，谓语动词have在句中有两种形式，即have和has（第三人称单数形式）1、 肯定句have用于主语为第一人称（I,We)第二人称：you.以及第三人称复数：they和其他复数名词的句中。Has用于主语为第三人称单数（he,she,it)和单数名词的句中。I have a computer.She has a computer.否定句Have/has的否定形式，一般要加助动词do或does再加not构成。即主语+do/does not have+其他。I do not have a blue pen.My friend doesnt have a blue pen.一般疑问句Have/has的一般疑问句是在句首加助动词do或does即do/does+主语+have+其他。Do you have a pencil?Yes,I do./No, I dont.have和there be的区别Have 强调的是某人拥有，占有某物There be强调的是客观事实,某处存在某物。I have a book.There is a book on the desk.用there be/have的适当形式填空。We dont _any blue hat.Behind the door_a desk. 行为动词的一般现在时一般现在时表示经常性，习惯性动作或现在存在的状态，历时不变的情况等。其构成形式为：主语+动词原形/第三人称单数1、表示现在的状态。 例：She works in a hospital. 2、 表示经常或习惯性的动作。 He gets up at six. She visits her grandparents every weekend. 3、 表示特征或能力。 He likes English a lot. She can swim. 4、表示客观事实或普遍真理。 She said that he earth goes around the sun. 5、 在时间状语从句和if 引导的条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表将来。 Well go to the park if it doesnt rain tomorrow. sleep at 10:00 on weekdays.疑问句：Do you like English?Yes,I do./No,I dont.第三人称单数变化规则：1、一般动词在词尾加-s like likes; get gets 2、以字母s，x，ch，sh结尾的动词，加-es guess guesses ；teach teaches; wash washes 3、 以辅音字母+o结尾的动词一般加-esdo does； go goes 4、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先改y为i，再加-es fly flies；carry carries ；study studies Many city people_their bikes to work every day.A rideB will rideC rodeD have ridden-Is your mother a teacher?-Yes,she is.She _at a junior high school.A taught B teachesC will teach D is teachingTheteachertoldusthatthesun_ biggerthantheearth.A. isB.wasC.hasbeenD. willbeHeoften_ hisclothesonSunday.A. washingB.washesC.haswashedD.washMay_toschool.A. neverwalksB.isneverwalkingC.walkneverD.neveriswalkingMaths,oneofthemostimportantsubjects,_alwaysinterestedhim.A.hasB.haveC.areD.isImafraidyoucantsithere.Sorry,I_ know.A.dontB.WontC.CantD.didntWhatshername?I_.A.forgetB.forgotC.hadforgottenD.amforgetting 现在进行时1、 现在进行时表示现在或当前一段时间正在进行的动作。常与now,these days等时间状语连用。其构成形式：主语+am/is/are+动词的现在分词。We are studying English these days.2、 表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的动作或存在的状态。They are talking with friends.Ssh,be quiet!The baby is sleeping in the next room.3、 现在进行时表将来。已经确定或安排好的将来的活动，常用的词主要是：come、go、leave、arrive等短暂性动词。Im leaving for a meeting in Japan next week.4、 表示渐变的动作，这类动词有：get,grow,become,turn等Its getting hotter and hotter.5、 以look,listen开头的句子提示我们动作正在进行。Look!She is wearing a pair of glasses.现在分词的变化规则 1 一般情况下，直接在动词后加ing work - working sleep - sleeping study - studying 2 动词以不发音的e结尾，要去e再加ing take - taking make - making dance - dancing 3 重读闭音节的动词，要双写词尾字母，再加ing cut - cutting put - putting begin - beginning 4 以ie结尾的动词，把ie变成y再加ing lie - lying tie - tying die - dying 5. 以oe,ee,ye结尾的动词，直接加ingsee-seeing eye-eyeing结构：主+be+现在分词疑问句：Be+主+v-ing+其他Are the children flying kites in the park?Yes,they are.No, they are not.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句What are you doing for the Spring Festival at this moment?Im making dumplings.不用于进行时的动词感官动词：smell,sound,feel,taste，look. 表拥有：own,have， 表示态度感情的动词：like,love,hate 表心理状态：feel,want,prefer 一般现在时和现在进行时的区别。一般现在时表示经常性，习惯性得得动作，且动作具有长久性。现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作，动作具有短暂性。一般现在时现在进行时基本用法表示经常性或习惯性的动作及状态，主语具有的基本性格和能力，也用于自然现象或客观真理。表示现阶段正在做的事情或正在发生的动作。构成1） 主+be+其他2） 主+动词原形或者动词第三人称单数+其他3） 主+情+V+其他主+be+v-ing+其他标志词或时间状语1) 频度副词：often,sometimes,always等2) 时间状语：every day/morning等1） 时间状语：now,these days,at this/the moment等2） 句首有look/listen等感情色彩往往不带感情色彩，只用来说明事实，语气较为肯定。有时与always连用，表达批评，讨厌，赞扬等感情色彩。You are always _your mind.A. changing B. change C.changesDonttalksoloudly.Yourfather_.A. sleepsB.issleepingC.sleptD.hadsleptHowmanypeopledoesthedoctorknowwho_ ofthedisease？A.aredyingB.isdyingC.hasdiedD.diesLook.Sam _ TV happily on the sofa.A. is watching B.watches C.watching D,was watchingThey are not _ basketball now.A. playing B.played C.play D.playsListen!Someone_ inthenextroom.A. criedB. cryingC. iscryingD. hascried 一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作，事情或存在的状态。标志词：tomorrow,in+一段时间，next year/week等。肯定句：主+be going to +V+ 其他The play is going to be produced next month.主+will+V+其他We will visit the Summer Palace.否定句：主+be not going to +V+ 其他The play is not going to be produced next month.主+will not（wont)+V+其他The boys wont play football tomorrow.一般疑问句：Be+主+going to +V+其他Are you going to go fishing next Sunday?Yes,I am going to .No,I am not going to.Will+主+V+其他Will the students watch the match? Yes,they will.No,they wont.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+主+going to+V +其他Why are you going to go shopping.特殊疑问词+will+主+V+其他What will the weather be like tomorrow?Be going to 用于there be句型当there be 句型用be going to 形式表将来，意为将来有.时。结构为：there be going to beThere is going to be a film this evening. 1）will/shall+动词原形 shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。will not=wont Which paragraph shall I read first？ Will you be at home at seven this evening? 2） be going to do+V表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 计划，安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month。 c. 有迹象要发生的事。 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 现在进行时表将来时 下列动词的现在进行时表示将来时 e.fly.leave.start.begin.finish.end.arrive and so on. She is leaving for Wuhan tomorrow. 一般现在时表将来 1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。 Be going to 和will 的区别 be going to主要用于： 1、表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做的事情。 What are you going to do today? Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon. 2、表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生。 I am afraid I am going to have a cold. 恐怕我要患重感冒。 will主要用于在以下几个方面： 1、表示单纯的未来“将要”通用各个人称。They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. Ill come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling. 2、表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 。 He will be thirty years old this time next year. 3、问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令。Will you please turn on the radio? Will you go to the zoo with me? We _ in Beijing in two days. A. will arrives B. arrives C. are going to arrive D. ArrivingThe students _ dumplings tomorrow. A. is going to making B. are making C. will make D. are makeAre you going to_ thirteen years old next year? A. will be B. are C. be D. GoMary_ English next year. A. will learn B. will to learn C. are going to learn. D. learnsHow _ Jenny _ home tomorrow? A. does.go B. isgoing C. willgo D. dogo Who is going to _ a song ? A. sings B singing C. to sing D. sing 一般过去时 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。yesterday，last night，in+过去的年份，two days ago，before，the age of，the day before yesterday，ago,just now，等。基本结构:肯定形式主语+谓语(动词过去式）+句子其他成分；They visited the teacher last week.主语+was/were+其他；Peter was an active boy when he was young.否定形式主+was/were not+其他;They were not students any more.Was he long when he was in primary school?Yes,he was.No,he wasnt.在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词；They didnt watch TV last night. 一般疑问句：Did+主语+do+其他。Did they visit the teacher last week?Yes,they did.No,they didnt.Was/were+主+其他。Was he long when he was in primary school?Yes,he was.No,he wasnt.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它 What time did you finish your homework? 规则动词的过去式： 一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed。 wanted，played 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d。 hoped，lived 重读闭音节单词如果末尾只有一个辅音字母需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed planned stopped 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-ed。 studied，worried 部分不规则动词的变化形式。 1. go went 2.taketook 3. havehad 4. buybought 5. eatate 6.seesaw 7. hanghung（悬挂） 8.meetmet 9. winwon（赢得） 10. sleepslept 11. putput 12.comecame 13. wakewoke（醒） 14.readread 15letlet be动词过去式的句式：was/were She often _her homework in the evening.But on the evening of December 24th she _TV.A. does,watchesB. is doing,watchedC. does,watchedD. is doing,watchesThey _her to the party,so she was very happy.A invite B invitedC will inviteD are invitingWhen _ Lucy _to New York?Yesterday .A does,getB did,getC has,gotD had,gotHowlongago_ playingfootball?A.haveyoustoppedB.hadyoustoppedC.didyoustopD.doyoustopLastweekJohn_ hisleg.A.feltandbrokenB.fellandbrokeC.feelsandbreaksD.fallenandbrokenJack_histhickcoatbecauseitwassnowing.A.putsonB.putonC.takesonD.tookonHe_thepictureonthewall yesterday.A.hangedB.hungC.hashangedD.washanged 过去进行时构成：was/were+现在分词肯定句式：主+was/were+现在分词+其他We were having supper when the phone rang否定句式：主+was/were not+现在分词+其他We were not watching TV at that time. 疑问句式：Was /were +主+现在分词+其他were we/you watching TV at that time?Yes,we were .No,we werent.时间状语标志词：then,at that time,at this time yesterday,at+钟点数+yesterday等。What were you doing at this time yesterday?过去进行时表示过去在某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。We were playing football at 5 oclock yesterday afternoon. 表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。注意：when后接一般过去时，while后接过去进行时。We were having fun on the playground when the bell rang.I was doing my homework while he was listening to music.过去进行时还可以与when，while，as引导的时间状语连用。when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的，而while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续性动词。When you came in, I was talking with my sister.While we were waiting for the bus,it was raining heavily.While 和as常表示从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生。They rushed in while/as we were discussing problems.while表示两个延续性动作同时发生而又具有对比意义，主从句的时代通常是相同的。While she was making a phone call,I was writing a letter.as还用于表示在某事发生的过程中另外一件事发生，或表示随着短暂性动作的发生，另一动作立刻发生。I was listening to the radio as he came in.1、Itseemedthattheoldman_ forsomethingoverthere.A. looksB.lookedC.waslookingD.haslooked2、Asshe_thenewspaper,Granny_asleep.A.read,wasfallingB.wasreadingfellC.wasreading,wasfallingD. read,fell3、It_hardwhenIleftmyhouse.A.israiningB.rainsC.wasrainingD.willrain 现在完成时现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达)通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just, already, yet, ever 等状语连用。现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。 如for、since 等引导的时间状语。（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）一段时间的表达方法有两种: for: + 一段时间 for a year, for two weeks, for three years Since+过去的某一时刻：since nine hours ago, since last week, since 1990 肯定句： 主语（第一、二人称，第三人称复数）+have +过去分词+其他 主语（第三人称单数）+has+过去分词+其他 I have been to Beijing. have been (to)和have gone (to)的区别： have / has been (to) 表示“曾经到过某地”，说话时此人不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。 have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已经去某地了”，说话时此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正不在这里。 试比较： He has been to Beijing. 他曾去过北京。 （人已回来，可能在说话人的地方） He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去北京了。（人去了，不在说话人的地方）否定句： 主语+ have/has +not +过去分词+其他 He hasnt finished his homework yet. 一般疑问句： Have/Has +主语+过去分词+其他？ Has the letter arrived yet? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has +主语+过去分词+其他？ Where have you been to ? 一般过去时与现在完成时之比较： 1） 一般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，与现在无关；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago，just now）连用. be结构：肯定式：主语was were 其他 否定式：主语was werenot 其他 一般疑问句：Was Were主语 其他 V结构：肯定式：主语v.过去式其他 否定式：主语didnt v.原形其他 一般疑问句:Did主语v.原形其他 2） 一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, , just now, this morning等具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语有：for, since, ever, never, just, already, yet,