Unit 3 —— There be句型及可数名词和不可数名词.doc

Unit 3 There be句型及可数名词和不可数名词概念引入一、欣赏含有There be句型的名句1. If there were no clouds, we should not enjoy the sun. 无云焉知太阳暖。2. Where theres a will, theres a way. 有志者事竟成。3. When there is a family, there is a god. 有家的地方就是天堂。二、名词名词是表示人，事物和抽象概念的词，在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词；可数名词和不可数名词等。用法讲解一、There be句型1. There be句型的意义There be句型常表示某处有某人或某物。例如：There is a computer in the room. 房间里有一台电脑。There are two TV plays every evening. 每晚有两场电视剧。2. There be句型的各种句型结构（1）肯定句：There be某物/某人地点/时间状语。例如：There is a pencil on the desk. 桌子上有一支铅笔。（2）否定句：There benot某物/某人地点/时间状语。这个句式的否定形式的构成是将be之后加not，同时，原句中如有some一词，也应改为any。例如：There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。There isnt any bird in the tree. 树上没有鸟。There are some children behind the house. 房后有些孩子。There arent any children behind the house. 房后没有小孩。（3）一般疑问句： Bethere某物/某人地点/时间状语？这是There be句型的疑问句，其构成是将be动词提到there之前，句尾用问号。例如：There are some birds in the picture. 图画中有些鸟。变成疑问句就是：Are there any birds in the picture? 图画中有鸟吗？对疑问句的应答，如果是肯定的，可以答：Yes, there is 或there are.如果是否定的，可以说:No, there isnt或there arent（4）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 bethere其它？在这个句型的一般疑问句之前，加上疑问词，变成特殊疑问句。例如：-How many birds are there in the picture? 图片中有多少只小鸟?-There are four birds in the picture. 图中有4只鸟。使用how many提问时，即可针对复数形式的名词提问，也可针对单数形式的名词提问。在应答中，可以按实际情况回答。例如：-How many boats are there in the river? 河里有多少只船？-There is only one. 仅有一只。注意：否定句或疑问句中的some由any代替。3. There be 句型常用时态形式There be 句型常用的时态形式有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时和过去完成时。例如：There is someone at the door to see you. 门口有人找你。There will be a meeting this evening. 今晚有个约会。4. 主谓一致There be后面所接的某物有多个时，谓语动词be要根据最靠近它的那个名词的单复数来确定，即就近原则。例如：There is a pen, a pencil-box and some books on my desk.我的桌子上有一支钢笔，一个铅笔盒和一些书。There are some books, a pen and a pencil-box on my desk.我的桌子上有一些书，一支笔和一个铅笔盒。There are two boys and a teacher at the school gate. 门口有两个男孩，一个老师。5. there be 与have的区别there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。There be句型表示“存在”关系，have表示“所属”关系，两者不能混合在一个句子中。例如：例如：我们要说“明天有一个班会。”（1）There will have a class meeting tomorrow.(）（2）There is going to/will be a class meeting tomorrow.()有时候既表示“存在”又表示“所属”时，两种都可以用。例如：Class Three have a map of China on the wall.（地图为三班学生所有。）There is a map of China on the wall in Class Three.（地图存在于三班。）二、名词1. 可数名词与不可数名词。（1）可数名词可以用数字计数的名词，称为可数名词。可数名词有单数形式和复数形式。例如：book （单数） books （复数）可数名词可以被冠词a/ an修饰。例如：a book 一本书 an English dictionary 一本英语词典可数名词表示具体数量时，如果数量超过一个，可以直接用基数词修饰。例如：two books 两本书 four boys 四个男孩可数名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要随着名词的单复数形式而变化。例如：Her friend is from Australia. 她的朋友来自澳大利亚。Her friends are from Australia. 她的朋友们来自澳大利亚。常用来修饰可数名词的词有：few, a few, many, some, any, a lot of, lots of 等。例如：I have many friends. 我有很多朋友。There are some flowers on the table. 桌子上有一些花。（2）不可数名词不能用数字计数，必须通过容量等计量单位来表示量的名词，是不可数名词。不可数名词没有单数形式和复数形式的区别。例如：air 空气 （正确） airs 空气（错误）不可数名词的前面不能用冠词修饰。例如：bread 面包 （正确） a bread 一片面包 （错误）不可数名词的量的变化要通过修饰它的词的单复数变化来表示。例如：a glass of water 一杯水 two glasses of water 两杯水a piece of paper 一张纸 two pieces of paper 两张纸不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：Water is important to us. 水对我们来说很重要。常用来修饰不可数名词的词有：little, a little, much, some, any, a lot of, lots of。例如：There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一点水。There is some milk in the glass. 杯子里有一些牛奶。2可数名词复数的变化。可数名词的复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种形式：规则变化遵循以下规律：（1）一般情况下，许多名词的复数形式是在名词的后面加字母s。例如：boyboys，bookbooks，penpens，pencilpencils等。（2）以字母s，x，sh，ch结尾的名词，在单词的后面加es。例如：classclasses，watchwatches，boxboxes等。（3）以元音字母y结尾的单词，在单词结尾直接加s；以辅音字母+y结尾的单词，将y改i，再加es。 例如：boyboys，toytoys，family fffffffamilies（4）部分以字母“o”结尾的单词变复数时加 es。这种情况只适用于少数几个单词例如：heroheroes（英雄），mangomangoes,potatopotatoes, tomatotomatoes。可以用口诀：“英雄爱吃土豆、西红柿和芒果”来记忆。（5.）以字母f或者fe结尾的单词，先把字母f变为字母v再加es。例如：leafleaves。有些名词的复数是不规则变化例如：childchildren，manmen，toothteeth，footfeet，sheepsheep，deerdeer。这些不规则变化需要在以后的学习中不断总结和积累。巩固练习. 写出下列单词的复数形式。1. apple _ 2. pear_ 3. orange_4. banana _ 5. strawberry_ 6. hamburger_7. tomato_ 8. potato_ 9. boy _10. baby_ 11. knife_ 12. bus_II. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。1. There are a lot of _ (student) planting trees on the hill.2. I saw many _ (sheep) eating grass on the hill.3. There are a lot of yellow _ (leaf) on the tree when autumn comes. 4. The _(boy) has two _ (watch).5. Mike hurt one of his _(tooth) in the accident yesterday. 6. There _ (be) a lot of sweets in the box.7. There _ (be) some milk in the glass.8. There _ (be) some people under the big tree now.9. There _ (be) a picture and a map on the wall.10. There_ (be) a box of rubbers near the books.11. There _ (be) lots of flowers in our garden last year.12. There_ (be) four cups of coffee on the table.III.句型转换，每空一词。1. There are some pictures on the wall. （改为否定句）There _ _ pictures on the wall.2. There is a bike behind the tree. （改为否定句）There _ a bike behind the tree.3. There is some water on Mars. （改为一般疑问句）_ _ _ water on Mars?4. There are many things over there. （对划线部分提问）_ over there?5. There are four children on the playground. （对划线部分提问）_ _ the four children?IV. 单项选择。1. Is that your _? Yes, it is. Thank you.A. book B. a book C. books D. the book2. Look! Those are your _. You can use them.A. book B. the book C. books D. a book3. Dont worry. Your son will come back in _hour.A. a B. an C. the D. /4. There are three _ in my family.A. boy B. boys C. boies D. a boy5. There are ten _ in the picture.A. sheeps B. deers C. horse D. cows6. Look at these _. They are my family members.A. photos B. photoes C. a photo D. the photo7. You can get much _ about the World Expo（世博会）on the Internet.A. mapB. pictureC. ticketD. information（信息）8. Look! These books _ not yours. _ are your fathers.A. is; It B. are; They C. are; It D. is; They9. There is _ food on the table.A. lot of B. a lot C. lots of D. lots10. How many students _ in your class?A. is there B. are there C. there are D. there is11. There is some _ on the plate.A. cakesB. meatC. potatoD. pears答案与解析. 写出下列单词的复数形式。1. apples 2. pears 3. oranges 4. bananas5. strawberries6. hamburgers 7. tomatoes 8. potatoes 9. boys10. babies 11. knives 12. busesII. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。1. students 2. sheep 3. leaves 4. boy; watches 5. teeth 6. are7. is 8. are 9. is 10. is 11. are 12. areIII. 句型转换，每空一词。1. arent any 2. isnt 3. Is there any 4. Whats 5. Where areIV. 单项选择。1. A。从对话的后面的回答和前面句子的谓语动词的形式可以判断是用可数名词