中考情态动词讲解.docx

【情态动词知识梳理】情态动词有具体的词义，但也同助动词一样，需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语，另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化，情态动词后必须跟动词原形。情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。情态动词的语法特征1） 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2） 情态动词 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。3） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。4） 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。1. can的用法：一、 can, could 1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。表示能力时一般译为“能、会”，即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力，此时may和must均不可代替它。 Can you lift this heavy box?（体力） Mary can speak three languages.（知识） Can you skate?（技能） 此时可用be able to代替，can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。 Ill not be able to come this afternoon. 2) 表示请求和允许，常在口语中。 -Can I go now? - Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。 - Could I come to see you tomorrow? - Yes, you can. ( No, Im afraid not. ) 3) 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。 Theyve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least. 4) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度，用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。此时cant译为“不可能”。 Can this be true? This cant be done by him. He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.Can it be our teacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗？No, it cant be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。【例题】I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there.No. She _be there, I have just been there.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. wouldnt【解析】根据下文“我刚去过那儿”可知，应为“不可能”，cant表示推测答案 A对比：be able to 当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用Can。两者表示能力时用法相同，但can只有原形“can”和过去式“could”两种形式，在其他时态中要用be able to来表示。另外be able to常常指经过努力，花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。He has been able to drive.他已经会开车了。Im sure youll be able to finish it quickly.我相信你能迅速地完成。We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon.我们能在中午到达山顶。2. could的用法：（1）can的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的能力。如：He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。（2）could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。如: Could you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗？ -Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗? -Yes, you can. 可以。1.-_ you help me answer the telephone?-OK.A.Can B.May C.Need D.Must2. Tom is young but he _ fly a kite by himself.A.can B.mayC.need D.Must3. Listen! Is that Kate playing the piano in the room?-No. It_ be Kate. She has gone to London.A.may not B.needntC.mustnt D.cant4. -Could I cross the street here?-Of course you _.A. could B. can C. are able to D. will5. -Mum , _ I play computer games?-Yes, you can, but you have to finish your home work first.A.would B. must C. may D. need3. may的用法：(1).表示请求、许可，比can正式。如：May I borrow your bike?我可以借你的自行车吗？You may go home now.现在你可以回家了。(2) 表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“可能，或许”，一般用于肯定句中。如：It may rain tomorrow .明天可能会下雨。She may be at home.她可能在家呢.(3) may的过去式为might，表示推测时。可能性低于may。如：He is away from school. He might be sick.他离开学校了，可能是他生病了。(4) 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V例如：May you have a good time.祝你过得愉快。May you be happy!祝你幸福！May you succeed！祝你成功！对比： may be和maybe 用法区别 常用位置may be may为情态动词，be为动词原形 句中，作谓语maybe 副词，大概、也许，相当于perhaps 句首，作状语例如：He may be wrong , but Im not sure.也许他错了，但我也不确定。【例题】_ I borrow your MP3?Sure . Here you are. A. May B. Should C. Must D. Would【解析】在此处表示请求，意为“做可以吗”。答案：A1. She _ know the answer, but Im not sure.A. maybe B. may be C. may D. must2. -Tom， dont drive too fast， you _ hit the others cars.-OK.A. must B. need C. may D. have to4. must的用法：(1).must表示主观看法，意为“必须、一定”。如：You must stay here until I come back.在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。Must I hand in my homework right now?我必须现在交作业吗？(2)must表示有把握的推测，（只用于肯定的陈述句）。如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.灯亮着，他现在肯定在家。Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best.(3)其否定形式mustnt 表示“一定不要”“千万别”“禁止, 不许”。如：You mustnt play with fire. 你不许玩火。You mustnt be late. 你一定不要迟到。(4)对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must， 否定回答为neednt 或 dont have to . 如：-Must I finish my homework? 我现在必须完成作业吗？-No, you neednt. 不，你不必。对比 have to must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。 The play isnt interesting, I really must go now. I had to work when I was your age. My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night. 我弟弟病得厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。 I havent got any money with me, so Ill have to borrow some from my friend. 我身上没带钱，只好向朋友借点了。1.Cars and buses _ stop when the traffic lights turn red. A. can B. need C. may D. must2.-_ we attend the party? -No, you neednt. You are free.A.Must B. Can C. May D. Shall3. -Must I hand in all my money , Mum?-No, you _ . You can use it to buy some school things. A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. should4.You _ be tired after walking such a long way. Do sit down and have a rest. A. can B. must C. should D. need5. need的用法：（1）need表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，意为“没有必要，不必”。 用need提问时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用 neednt。如：Need I stay here any longer? 我还有必要留在这儿吗？Yes, you must .是的。No. you neednt .不，你不必。need还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化，如果是人作主语后边多接动词 不定式。如：I need to do it right now.我需要马上做这件事。He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多了解那个女孩。如果是物作主语，一般用need doing与need to be done，这种情况下应注意两点：主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义；.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。例如：The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted.那扇门需要油漆一下。Your car needs mending. = Your car needs to be repaired.你的车需要维修了。1.You _ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.A.neednt to come B. dont need come C. dont need comingD.neednt come2.-Lets go to Taishan Park by taxi.-Its not far. We _take a taxi. A. neednt B. cant C. mustnt D. couldnt7. shall的用法：shall表示征求对方意见（多用于第一、三人称），如：Shall we go out for a walk?我们出去散步好吗？1) shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。 What shall we do this evening? 2) shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 You shall fail if you dont work hard.(警告) He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺) He shall be punished.(威胁) 在英语中，我们可以用其他多种方式提出我们的建议或征求对方意见。用“Lets do.”来提出建议。如：Lets go for a walk after supper.(2) 用“What/How about.?”来提出建议；about后接名词或动词ing形式。如：What about/How about a drink? What about/How about taking Tom with us?用“Why not.?”来提出建议，表示“何不”not面后接动词原形。“Why not.?”实际上是“Why dont you/we.?”的简略形式。如：Why not meet at the school gate at eight? Why dont we stay here another day?用“Would you like.?”来提出建议，意思是“你想要吗?”Would you like后可接名词或不定式。如：Would you like a cup of tea?Would you like to go and see her?因此，如果我们说：“去游泳好吗?”英语中可有这样几种表达法：Shall we go for a swim? Lets go for a swim，shall we? What about/How about going swimming? Why not go for a swim? Would you like to go for a swim? What do you think of going for a swim?8. should的用法：（1）should意为“应该”，可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。如：We should protect the environment.我们应该保护环境。Should have done表示对过去动作的责备、批评。如：You should have finished your homework.你应该已经完成作业了。（事实上你没有完成。）对比：ought to 1) should, ought to表示“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。 I should help her because she is in trouble. You ought to take care of the baby. 2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。 You should / ought to go to class right away. Should I open the window? 3) 表示推测 should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。 He must be home by now. (断定他已到家) He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)This is where the oil must be.(直爽) This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)9. will的用法：will表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多种人称。如：I will help you if Im free this afternoon.今天下午如果我有空，我就会帮你。1) 表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。 Will / Would you pass me the ball, please? 2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。 I will never do that again. They asked him if he would go abroad. 3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。 During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. The wound would not heal. 4) 表示估计和猜想。 It would be about ten oclock when she left home.注意：1、will在there be句型中的形式及其句式变换。由于“一般将来时”的结构可以用“will+动词原形”来表示，所以there be句型的一般将来时的形式就是there will be。（一定不能说there will have）例如：There are many students in our school.There will be many students in our school. There will be a sports meeting next week.一定不能说：There will have a sports meeting next week.2、will与be going to do something区别：参照上节课的讲义。10. had better的用法：had better意为“最好”，没有人称的变化，后接不带to的不定式，其否定形式为：had better not。如：We had better go now.我们最好现在就走。You had better not give the book to him.你最好不要把这本书给他。考点总结：一、含有情态动词的疑问句的回答:1. 对may引出的问句，可以有下列回答方式： Yes,you may. Yes, of course.Yes, certainly.Sure . No, you cant.2.对must引出的疑问句，回答方式为：Yes, must. No,dont have to.3.could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a 你能帮我个忙吗？Could I use your pen?我能用一下你的钢笔吗?Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答）4. shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称，表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种： Yes, please.All right. No, thank you.5.would you的回答方式有以下几种：Yes, I will. (No, I wont.)Sure . (Im sorry , I cant.)All right/ OK/ With pleasure.Certainly. (No, thank you .) Yes, please.考点二:不同情态动词的否定意义也不同：1.（1）cant可译为“不会”。如：I cant play basketball.我不会打篮球。（2）当句子表推测时，用cant表达不可能。 如：He cant be ill. He is playing chess with Tom.他不可能病了，他正和Tom下棋呢。cant还可用来回答“ May I ? ”这样的问句。 如：May I come in ? 我可以进来吗？No, . / cant.不，你不能。（4）cant还可用于固定习语中。cant help doing禁不住，情不自禁 cant wait to do something迫不及待地要做 如：She cant help crying.她不禁大哭起来。 The children cant wait to open the box.孩子们迫不及待地想打开盒子。2. may的否定式为may not，译成“可能不”，如：He may not be at home.他也许不在家。考点三:情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词+ be + done (动词的过去分词)。做题时要兼顾情态动词和被动语态这两个方面。More and more trees must be planted in China.在中国必须种植更多的树木。Many of the stars can not be seen because they are far away from us.很多星星我们都看不到，因为它们离我们太远了。考点四:情态动词表示推测的用法:一、“情态动词+动词原形”表示对现在的推测。1、can表示推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句。如：That man cant be her husband，she is still single.-Who is knocking at the door?-Can it be the postman?must表示肯定的推测，一般用于肯定句中。如：He must be in his office now.Mr Li must be working now，for the lights in his office are still on.The road is wet. It must have rained last night.地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。might表示推测时不一定是may的过去时，只是表示其可能性较小。如：The man may be the headmaster.Where is Mr Li?He might be working in his office. May Mr Li come?He might not come here.Could表示推测时，语气can比要弱，说话者留有余地。如：Could it be an animal?It could not be，because it is not moving.Should表示推测的可能性比较大，仅比must的可能性小一点。如：It is already 10 oclock now they should be there.补充： used to do / be used to doing / be used to do/ be used for doing used to do表示过去常常发生的动作，强调过去，只用于过去，注意用to do，不用doing；而be used to doing意为“习惯做”，be可有各种时态；be used to do意为“被使用去做,”为被动语态形式。be used for doing 用作”如：My father used to eating meat.我父亲过去起床晚，但现在不得不早起了。She is used to eating meat.她习惯吃肉。He wasnt used to eating in a restaurant.他不习惯在饭店吃饭。A knife can be used for cutting things.(刀可以用来割东西)/ A knife can be used to cut things.(刀可以用来割东西)三、课后作业：情态动词专项练习题1. - Where is Mary? - She _ in the library. A. should be B. must be C. can be D. must have been2. His room is dark. He must _ to bed. A. go B. be going C. have gone D. have been gone3. “Will your father stay home tonight?” “Im not sure, He _to work.” A. must go B. can go C. may be gone D. may be going4. “Where is Tom?” “He isnt here I think he _ have gone home.” A. may B. must C. might D. A or B or C5. “I think Helen is at home.” “ No, she _ be at home, for she phoned me from the airport just five minutes ago.” A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. darent6. Hes late. What _ have happened to him? A. can B. may C. should D, must7. “ _ he be watching TV now?” Yes, he _ be watching TV now.” No, he _ be watching TV now.” A. Must; can; mustnt B. Can; must; cant C. Must; must; cant D. Can; can; mustnt8. “_. He have left yesterday?” Yes, he _ yesterday.” No, he _ yesterday.” A. Must; must have left; cant have left B. Can; can have left; cant have left C. Can; must have left; cant have left D. May; must have left; shouldnt have left9. You must be a writer, _ you? A. mustnt B. are C. must D. arent10. You must have seen her yesterday, _ you? A. mustnt B. havent C. didnt D. dont11. You must have seen her, _ you? A. havent B. didnt C. dont D. A or B12. There was plenty of time. She _ worried or hurried. A. mustnt have B. shouldnt have C. must be D. neednt have13. I got up early, but I _ so because I had no work to do that morning. A. mustnt have done B. didnt need to do C. neednt have done D. cant have done14. I _ up early this morning. So I stayed in bed till 9 a. m. A. neednt have got B. didnt need to get C. shouldnt have got D. cant have got15. The flower is dead. I _ it more water. A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given16. He _ have come here yesterday, but he didnt. A. could B. should C. ought to D. A or B or C17. “Must he do it?” “No, he _.” A. mustnt B. neednt C. doesnt have to D. B or C18. “Need you go now?” “Yes, I _.” “No, I _.” A. need; neednt B. must; neednt C. may; mustnt D. can; neednt19. “May I borrow your bike?” “No, you _.” A. mustnt B. may not C. had better not D. cant20. “Can I do it?” “No, you _.”or “No, please _.” A. cant; doesnt B. cant; dont C. cant; cant D. cant; you dont21. I missed the last bus, so I _ go home on foot. A. must B. have to C. may D. had to22. We _ hurry if we want to arrive in time. A. must B. need C. may D. have to23. He ought to have won the first prize, _ he? A. oughtnt B. shouldnt C. mustnt D. oughtnt to24. He _ get up early when he lived in the countryside. A. would B. used to C. mustnt D. cant25. My brother _ be very naughty, and my sister _ like reading. A. used to; would B. would; used to C. used to; used to D. would; would26. _ you please pass on a message to him? A. Do B. Shall C. May D. Will27. _ we set off now? A. Shall B. Will C. Would D. ought28. “_ he open the window?” Yes, please.” A. Does B. will C. Shall D. Would29. Ive told him many times, but he _ listen to my advice. A. shall not B. wont C. will not D. wouldnt30. “Will you lend me a hand?” “Yes, I _.” A. will B. shall C. can D. may31. Everyone _ do his best for the modernization of China. A. will you B. dont we C. shall we D. do you32. Lets clean our room, _? A. will you B. dont we C. shall we D. do you33. Let us watch TV, _? A. will you B. dont we C. shall we D. do you34. Close the door after you, _ you? A. dont B. do C. shall D. will35. Every time he meets me, he _ to me. A. smiled B. would smile C. will smile D. is smiling36. “_ you like to see a film?” “Yes, Id like _.” A will; to B. Would; to see C. Would; to D. Will; to see37. He asked me for his book many times. Please tell him he _ have it tomorrow. A. must B. may C. shall D. is38. - Must I finish all the exercises today? - No, you _, but you _finish them before Friday. A. mustnt; need B. dont have to; must C. neednt to; need D. shouldnt; ought39. Night has fallen. We have to go home, _ we? A. dont B. havent C. mustnt D. shouldnt40. The cat _ hibernate is winter. A. doesnt need to B. neednt C. mustnt D. shouldnt41. Your composition _ rewriting, _ it? A. need; neednt B. needs; doesnt C. needs; does D. need; doesnt42. Neither of them _ the snake. A. dares catch B. dares to catch C. dare catch D. dare catching43. He _ any help. A. neednt B. doesnt need C. need D. do need44. Im afraid you must have met with many difficulties in the work, _? A. didnt you B. arent you C. mustnt you D. neednt you45. I wish to shake hands with you, _? A. will you B. shall we C. can you D. may I46. Susan, you are so lazy. This job _ hours before. A. should finish B. could be finished C. must have been finished D. should have been finished47. _ if it were spring all the year round? A. Shall it be nice B. Will it be nice C. Would it be nice D. Ought it to be nice48. Jane: You MUST do as I tell you. Kate: Oh, I must, _? A. should B. mustnt I C. ought I D. must I49. I dont suppose hes finished the job, _? A. do you B. is he C. has he D. hasnt he50. He was too busy, otherwise he _ to see you. A. would go B. would be C. should have D. would have g