初级律师.doc

大学英语 Book ThreeUnit One A Brush with the LawTime Allotment: (4.5 Periods)1. Text Structure analysis and new words and phrases (3 periods)2. Exercises and reading & writing skills (1.5 periods)Teaching Aims: The teaching of this text aims to enable students1. to master the new words and useful phrases: arbitrary, award, belief, brilliant, employment, fate, given, guilty, presumably, subsequent, temporary , trial, wander, witness, a couple of, call on , revolve around, save up, stand a chance , take ones time , turn against2. to learn about the authors brush with the law and his feeling towards it.3. to get acquainted with reading skills -how to use a dictionary. 4. to learn and practice some writing skills: arrange the sentences in logical order.I. Background information1. Magistrates and the magistrates courtIn England, a magistrate is a person appointed to try minor offences. He is either an unpaid layman or, in London and some other large cities, a paid judicial officer.In England, every district has a magistrates court. It is the lowest court of law. The magistrates court can only try people for minor, i.e. not very serious, offences. It cannot give prison sentences totaling more than 12 months, nor can it order fines of more than400 for one offence.2. Layer, solicitor, barristerLawyer is the general term for anyone whose work it is to advise his clients about the law and represent them in court.A solicitor (初级律师) is a lawyer who gives advice, appears in lower courts, and prepares cases for a barrister to argue in a higher court. A barrister(出庭律师) is a lawyer who has the right of speaking and arguing in the higher courts of law. If a person gets into trouble with the police, he will probably ask a solicitor to help prepare his defence and, if the offence is to be heard in a Magistrates Court, he can ask a solicitor to appear for him and argue his case. If the case goes to a higher court, the solicitor still advises him, but he must get a barrister to appear for him.3. The Sixties “youth counterculture”.The word counterculture was coined in the 1960s for the attitude and life style of many young people who rejected conventional social values and demanded more personal freedom. The counterculture first arose in the U.S. during the 1960s and soon spread to Britain, France and other western countries. These young people were opposed to the Vietnam War and dissatisfied with the existing state of affairs in their society. Yet, unable to find a more constructive way of struggling against these, they indulged themselves in sex, drugs, alcohol and rock music and took great pride in wearing long hair and unusual clothes and in taking up anything that was unconventional. The counterculture declined in the late.1970s.4. Middle class In Britain, the middle class refers to the class of people between the nobility and the working class. It includes professional men (such as doctors, lawyers and architects), bankers, owners of business and small gentry. In the United States, however, the middle class refers to the class of people between the very wealthy class and the class of unskilled labourers and unemployed people. It includes businessmen, professional people, office workers, and many skilled workers. Apart from occupations and economic status, the term middle class can also be used to describe values and attitudes.5. Hippy / Hippie 1. Time: the late 1960s2. Countries: U.S., Canada, U.K., some other countries 3. Behavior: nonviolent anarchy; concern for the environment; rejection of Western materialism; being dressed in unusual clothes; living in group together; taking drugsHippie, member of a youth movement of the late 1960s, was characterized by nonviolent anarchy, concern for the environment, and rejection of Western materialism. The hippie movement started in the United States and then spread to Canada, the United Kingdom, and many other countries. The hippies formed a politically outspoken, antiwar, artistically prolific counterculture in North America and Europe. The hippies were usually dressed in unusual clothes and lived in group together and took drugs.6. Richmond upon Thames Richmond upon Thames is a borough of Greater London in southwestern England. Richmond upon Thames is an attractive residential district that borders both sides of the River Thames for about 19 km (about 12 miles). Its population is over 160,000. Among the boroughs historical sites are Hampton Court Palace, the former home of King Henry VIII; and the remains of Richmond Palace, which was used by Queen Elizabeth I. The Royal Botanical Gardens in nearby Kew are also a popular attraction.7. London London is the capital of the United Kingdom. It is situated in southeastern England along the Thames River. With a population of about 7 million, this vast metropolis is by far the largest city in Europe, a distinction it has maintained since the 17th century. In the 19th century it was the largest and most influential city in the world, the center of a large and prosperous overseas empire. Today although it no longer ranks among the worlds most populous cities, London is still one of the worlds major financial and cultural centers. Words or Phrases Related to the Topic1. 律师a lawyer2. 法官a law-officer3. 立法者a lawmaker4. 执法官a lawman5. 犯法者a lawbreaker6. 原告an accuser / a plaintiff7. 被告a defendant8. 罪犯an offender9. 法庭a law court10. 案件a law case11. 律师事务所a law office12. 办案handle a case13. 贿赂bribery14. 指控accusation15. 打官司initiate legal proceeding16. 控告某人have / take the law against17. 遵纪守法abide by the law18. 犯法break the law19. 驳回上诉reject an appeal20. 免予起诉release from charge21. 释放某人set sb. free / release sb. from prisonIntroducing Remarks: We all know that the chief purposes of law are to maintain peace and order, to protect the rights of citizens, to secure justice and to punish wrong-doers. Good laws are those that are considered to serve the cause of justice for the society to which they apply. But even good laws may be unjustly applied or may be unjust in certain situations. In the story were going to study today, the author tells us about what happened to him more than a decade ago. It was really a very unpleasant experience, yet it provides us with much food for thought.II. Warm-up Questions and Oral PracticePre-reading questions:1. Are you more suspicious of some strangers than others? What influences you when judging whether a stranger can be trusted?2. Do you think that everyone is equal in the eyes of the law? Explain.Post-reading questions:1. Why does the author think of the circumstances of his arrest and his release form the charge as arbitrary?2. Did the policemen think they were to blame for the arrest of the youngster? Why or why not?3. What does the authors brush with the law tell us about his society?III. Text Structure Analysis1. Outline of the textPart I. (Para.1) The narrator has once been in trouble with the law, which was rather an unpleasant experience.Question: 1. How did the author feel about the incident at the time it occurred? What does he think of it now?Part II. (Para. 2-20) The narrator was arbitrarily arrested and released.Question: 1. Why did he go to Richmond?2. What did the author think got him into trouble with the law?3. What did he see when walking out of the local library?4. What did the man say to him? Did he take the mans words seriously at first?5. When and how did the author come to see the man was being serious?6. What grounds did the policemen have for suspecting that the young man was wandering with intent to steal milk bottles?7. What does the author mean by his big mistake?8. How did he behave when he was questioned at the police station? What did the police decide to do with him?9. What did his father do when he learned about the incident?10 What were the things his release from the charge depended on?Part III. (Para. 21-22) The narrator believed that if he had come from a different background, he would have been found guilty.Question: 1. What did the policeman probably mean by saying You could have been a bit more helpful when we arrested you?2. Summary of the text. The author narrates his unpleasant experience of being arrested and taken to court twelve years ago. The policemen arrested him simply because they found him wearing ling untidy hair and wandering aimlessly in the street and they thought he might have the intent to steal milk bottle from doorsteps. Finally he was released from the charge because of his “right” accent, his respectable middle-class parents, his reliable witnesses and his very good solicitor. But the author feels sure that if he had come from a different background and had really been out of work, the magistrate would most probably have found him guilty.IV. Language Points1. A Brush with the Law. (title) brush: n. a brief fight or encounter; a time when you only just avoid an unpleasant situation or argumentHis first brush with the lawcame when he was 16.Abrush with death can make you appreciate life more. 与死亡的擦肩而过会使你更珍惜生命。 These freshmen once had a brush with the Customs man.Our football players had a brush with the referee in the last game.在上场比赛中我们的足球队员与裁判发生了一场冲突。2. The whole process of being arrested and taken to court was a rather unpleasant experience at the time, but it makes a good story now. (Para1) take sb. to court: take legal action against sb. 对某人提出起诉 lf you go on ill-treating your wife like this, you will be taken to court.She threatened to take the magazine to court if they didnt publish an immediate apology.COLLOCATIONS:court of law 法院，法庭appear in court：出庭bring a case to court：上庭受审settle something out of court (=reach an agreement about a dispute without using the court) 庭外解决the court (=the judge, the jury, and the other people in a court) 全体法官或审判人员criminal court (=a court where cases about crimes are heard) 刑事法庭civil court (=a court where cases about civil disagreements are heard) 民事法庭 it makes a good story now.: . it provides material for a good story now. Here the verb to make means to have the qualities needed for (sth. good). Iced tea makes an excellent drink in summer. he wall calendar makes a nice new year gift.2. What makes it rather disturbing was the arbitrary circumstances both of my arrest and my subsequent fate in court. (Para1)The author was arrested simply because the policemen thought he intended to steal milk bottles and later in court he was released from the charge just because he had the right accent, respectable middle-class parents, reliable witnesses and so on. That is to say, he was arrested arbitrarily and released arbitrarily. And it is this arbitrariness of both his arrest and his release that the author thinks rather disturbing. arbitrary: adj. decided by or based on personal opinion only rather than on reason 人意的，武断的 The arbitrary decisions of the management caused anger among the workers.His arbitrary decision resulted in the failure of the project.他草率的决定导致了项目的失败。I knew little about medical books so my choice was quite arbitrary.arbitrary boss 独断专行的老板arbitrary punishment 肆意的惩罚 circumstance：n. facts; conditions connected with an event or a personGood weather and other favorable circumstances made our picnic a success.Under these circumstances I have to do it.In no circumstances can a soldier leave his post.在任何情况下，战士都不能离开自己的岗位。economic/financial/personal etc circumstancesWhether or not you qualify for a loan will depend on your financial circumstances.Collocations: exceptional / special circumstances特殊情况favorable circumstances有利条件 tragic circumstances悲惨境况under / in the circumstances在这种情况下, 既然如此 under / in no circumstances在任何情况下都不 subsequent：adj. later; coming after, following Subsequent research has produced even better resultsSubsequent events proved me wrong.后来发生的事证明我错了。These skills were passed on to subsequent generations.subsequent pages of the booksubsequent to something“ 在之后”：In the week subsequent to her marriage, she didnt go to work. 她婚后一周没去上班。His illness was subsequent to his fathers death. 他爸去世后，他病了。events that happened subsequent to the accidentsubsequently : adv The book was subsequently translated into 15 languages.3. and was not due to go to university until the following October. (Para2) due : adj. expected to happen or arrive at a particular time; supposed (to) due to do something 应该做某事The manager is due to set out on his journey this evening.Your report is due tomorrow. 你的报告应该明天交。due for应得到（某物）The car is due for its annual service again.due to sth. / sb 因为（某人、某事）She has been absent from work due to illness.The restaurants success wasdue largely toits new manager.due consideration 适当的考虑 in due time 在适当的时候undertake ones due obligations 承担应尽的义务5. I was looking for a temporary job so that I could save up some money to go travelling. (Para 3) save up: .keep money for future useIm saving up $5 a week to buy a Christmas present for my mother.He is saving up to buy/for a small house for his family.他正在存钱，准备给家人买座小房子。6. I was taking my time, looking in shop windows, strolling in the park, and sometimes just stopping and looking around me. (Para 3) take ones time: not hurry; do sth. in an unhurried wayJust take your time and tell me clearly what has happened in the building.你别慌，请清楚地告诉我大楼里发生了什么事。 You should take your time and check your test paper once more before handing it in.7. It must have been this obvious aimlessness that led to my downfall. (Para 3) Im sure my arrest was the result of my wandering in the streets without any definite purpose. downfall: n. ruin 垮台，毁灭An addiction to gambling was her downfall. 沉迷于赌博是她惠民的原因。the scandal that led to the presidents downfall 导致总统垮台的丑闻8. when I saw a man walking across the road with the obvious intention of talking to me. (Para 4) intention：n. a plan or desire to do sth.If Ive hurt your feelings, it was quite without intention.Jenny came with the intention of settling the dispute.珍妮是抱着解决纠纷的目的来的。They went into town with the intention of visiting the library.have no/every intention of doing somethingI have no intention of retiring just yet.She felt offended at my remarks, but it wasnt my intention to hurt her. 她觉得我的话得罪了她，但我并没有伤害她的意思。intention & intent这两个名词均有“意图，企图”之意。intention 普通用词，指某人内心产生的想做某事的想法，强调内心活动。 例如：He went to the boss with the intention of asking for a pay rise. 他到老板那里去，想请求增加工资。intent 法律用词，常指某人怀有歹意而犯罪。例如：He broke into the house with intent to steal.他破门而入想偷东西。He is charged with possession of a gun with intent to commit a robbery.Collocations:by intention故意have no intention of无意with good intentions好心好意地-intentioned：having or showing intentions of the stated type 有（某种）意向的，由某种用意的a well-intentioned effort 好心的努力intentional: adj. deliberate 有意的， 故意的 an intentional insult 有意的侮辱9. “Wandering with intent to commit an arrestable offence,” he said. (Para 6) wander: v. 1) walk about in a casual way or without a fixed purpose After supper he would go out and wander alone in the streets for about an hour. They wandered through the forests and fields.他们漫步穿过森林与田野。2) if your mind, thoughts, etc. wander, you no longer pay attention to sth., especially because you are bored or worriedIm sorry that my mind was wandering. What did you say just now? commit: v. 1) do sth. wrong or illegalThe woman has committed murder and must be punished.They have committed many horrible crimes against the mit suicide: to kill yourself deliberately2) to say that someone will definitely do something or must do something 事（尤指自己）承担义务；作出保证；承诺commit somebody to doing somethingHe has clearly committed his government to continuing down the path of economic reform.他清晰地承诺他的政府会继续沿着经济改革的道路走下去。The government has committed itself to improving health education. 政府决心致力于改善健康教育。The government has committed considerable resources to improving the rail system.政府已承诺相当的财力来改善铁路系统。 The director has been asked to state the companys position, but so far he has refused/declined to commit himself (on this issue). 那位董事已被要求阐明公司的立场，可是迄今为止他拒绝就此问题作出承诺。commitment: n. 1）a promise to do something or to behave in a particular way: 承诺，诺言，承担的义务Are you ready to make a long-term commitment? 你愿意作出长期承诺吗？ 2）the hard work and loyalty that someone gives to an organization, activity etc:忠诚；信奉；支持I was impressed by the energy and commitment shown by the players.The companys success this year wouldnt have been possible without the commitment and dedication of the staff. 如果没有员工的奉献精神，公司今年的成功是不可能的。10. It turned out there had been a lot of petty thefts in the area, (Para 12) turn out: v. be found or discovered (to be); prove to beturn out (to be) + n. / adj.turn out + (that)-clause It turned out (to be) a fine day.The person I spoke to turned out to be an English student 和我说话的人原来是个英国学生。It turned out that the experiment was much more difficult than they had expected. turn out & prove它们均有“（结果）证明是”的意思。 turn out 往往表示事情的结果变得与原来不同或令人惊异。例如：The concert turned out a success. 音乐会结果很成功。prove 强调结果并强调需要一段时间的实践证明或根据经验得出某种结论。 例如:The concert proved a success. 事实证明音乐会很成功。11. and regarded myself as part of the sixties“youth counterculture”. (Para. 13) counter-: prefix 1) the opposite of something: 与相反a counterproductive thing to do (=producing results opposite to what you wanted)事与愿违2