一般现在时用法讲解及习题教案

一般现在时I: The Present Simple Tense 一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态常和 always, often, usually, every day, sometimes等表示时间的状语连用动词be: 除第一人称单数（I）用am，第三人称单数用is外，其余一律用are.行为动词：除第三人称单数做主语时由动词原形加词尾-s或-es外， 其余一律用动词原形. 现将动词be, 和行为动词（以know为例）在肯定、否定、一般疑问和简略回答中的形式列表如下：表一动词肯定否定beI am You are He /She/It is We /You/They are I am not You are not He /She/It is not We /You/They are not行为动词knowI /You know He /She/It knows We /You/They know I /You do not know He /She/It does not knows We /You/They do not know 表二动词一般疑问简略回答beAre you ?Is he ?Are they ?Yes, I am.No, I am not.Yes, we are.No, we are not.Yes, he is.No, he is not.Yes, they are.No, they are not.行为动词knowDo you know ?Does he know ?Do they know ?Yes, I do.No, I do not.Yes, we do.No, we do not.Yes, he does.No, he does not.Yes, they do.No, they dont.练习：请写出以上两句的一般疑问句和简略回答。简略式：is not = isnt are not = arent do not = dont does not = doesnt 但am not 无简略式，不能写成amnt第三人称单数形式的词尾变化如下：在一般现在时中, 当主语是第三人称单数时, 行为动词用第三人称单数形式, 即加 -s 或 es 的形式. 具体方法如下：1.一般情况下，直接加 -s eg. works， plays, rains, sees 2.以 sh, ch, s, x 或 o 结尾的词后加 eseg. washes, teaches, fixes, does, goes3.以辅音字母加 -y 结尾的，先把 y 改成 i, 再加 -eseg. studies, flies, carries注意: 动词加 -s 以后的读音.动词加-s后的读音1.在p t k f 等清辅音后， 发清辅音 /s/ eg. helps , works, likes, hates ,laughs2.在浊辅音和元音后， 发浊辅音 /z/eg. drives, cleans, plays3.在s z 后， 发 /iz/rises, wishes, teaches, urges4.在t d后，发/ts/ /dz/eg. fits, sets, needs5. 其他情况下发zeg. plans, cries, shows 一般现在时的主要用法：1. 表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态或日常的习惯，常与every day, often, always sometimes 等时间状语连用。 eg. She gets up at six every day.She is our teacher of English.We go there once a week.2. 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。 eg. Tom studies very hard.She is always ready to help others.I major in English.3. 表示客观事实或普遍真理。 eg. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.The water boils at 100.Actions speaks louder than words. 行动胜于言辞。（谚语）4. 在故事和叙事中，为了生动活泼的需要。5. 新闻标题或小说章节的题目。 Bank Robbery :Robbers take $ 1,000,000.标 银行抢劫案：匪徒抢走1000000美元。练习:将下列问句变为否定句1) They meet at the party.2) She works in a school.将下列句子变为一般问句，并作出肯定、否定回答。She comes from Australia.特殊疑问句： 就句中某一部分提问的疑问句叫作特殊疑问句. 它一般是以WH开始的疑问句，也可以叫WH的question。特殊疑问句的构成是：疑问词+ 一般疑问句（提问主语或主语的一部分时除外）回答时，要根据具体情况进行回答.主要疑问词有：who, whose, whom, what, which, when, where, why, how等.eg. Where is he from? He is from China.When do you work? I work in the morning. What does he like? He likes English.Who teaches you English? Mr. Wang.Which coat is Johns? The blue one. Why isnt she here? Because she is ill. How old are you? Twenty-one. Who (Whom) do you help? I help my sister.Note： whom 是 who 的宾格形式, 现已逐渐被who所取代. 但正式 文体中仍使用 whom. Whats your name? What country are you from? II:人称代词（主格和宾格）、物主代词数主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词单数一I memymine二youyouyouryours三hehimhishissheherherhersititits-复数一weusourours二youyouyouryours三theythemtheirtheirs人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格。 eg. They all like him very much.作表语时，用宾格时较多，特别是在口语中。 eg. Who is knocking at the door? -Its me.但在下列结构中却常用主格：It was he who did it. It is she who wants it.使用人称代词要注意：1. we, you they有时用来泛指一般的人，翻译时一定要注意。 We (You) should keep calm even when we (you) are in danger.They dont allow us to smoke here.第一句译文：即使在危急时刻也要保持冷静。第二句译文：这儿不许抽烟。2在写文章或是做报告时，人们常以we来称自己，而不用I，这样口气显得谦虚一些。3She 可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。 eg. The aircraft carrier-“Minsk” belongs to China, doesnt she?4. 在并列的主语中，I 总放最后。 eg. Xiao Yu and I are in charge of the work.练习：用正确的人称代词填空：1) _(James) works with _ (my friend and I) . _ (Peter and Kate) ask _ (Katherine) about Dubline.2) 给出一个family tree, 请利用所学的人称代词说出他们的关系。John Robinson (H)Mary Robinson (W)Peter(H)Susan (W)Kate(H) Paul(W)MaryPhilip一般现在时用法专练:一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ go _ stay _ make _ look _ have_ pass_ carry _ come_ watch_ plant_ fly _ study_ brush_ do_ teach_ wash_二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. They _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term. 20. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday三、按照要求改写句子。1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) _2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答) _4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _5. We go to school e