综英 Unit 课后参考答案.doc

.Unit 3Part I Listening TaskScript for the recording:White lies are those little lies that we tell to avoid causing embarrassment. Can we live without them? On the one hand, we dont want to hurt other peoples feelings. But on the other, we dont want to lie to them. There is, however, a way out of the dilemma, as you will discover in the short talk you are about to hear.White lies are so much a part of our everyday lives that most of us probably dont even realize when weve let one slip. But it doesnt really matter, since a white lie isnt a real lie.Here are just a few examples:This place really has potential. One may say this though in his or her mind he is saying: What a dump it is.That haircut really suits you, but secretly you just cant help laughing: Ha ha ha ha ha!Next Tuesday? Thatd be great. Later, you may ask yourself: Why did I open my big mouth?White lies allow us to keep our friends and relationships intact, and our names on the payroll. We tell ourselves these little pork pies are necessary to spare peoples feelings, but who are we trying to kid? If your best friend looks untidy in her new outfit and you let her loose on the street to be ridiculed behind her back, have you really done her a favour? Nope. Of course, white lies can be avoided by staring into space or pretending you didnt hear the question, but so often the if you cant say anything nice, dont say anything at all motto doesnt work because we are expected to say something. In these instances I usually follow my grandmothers advice: there is always a good point to be found in everything. Sometimes you might have to dig mighty hard but when you unearth it, latch on. This is how it works. Dont you think my fianc is gorgeous? You answer: Hes got the best eyes (or nose). Do you like my new hairstyle? You answer: It really highlights the shape of your face.Be careful, though, as this approach also applies in reverse. If you ask a friend if he likes your new car and he says, Its a great colour, press the point just to check if hes playing your game.After Listening1. White lies are little lies that you tell in order to avoid causing embarrassment. 2. According to the speaker, white lies do not always help those you want to help, yet they dont do harm, either. 3. You are often caught in a dilemma: On the one hand, you wish to avoid telling white-lies by staring into space or pretending you didnt hear the question, but on the other you cant because you are expected to say something.4. A way to get out of the dilemma is to find a good point in everything you are talking about. This is how it works. Dont you think my fianc is gorgeous? You answer: Hes got the best eyes (or nose). Part II Reading TaskText AComprehensionContent QuestionsPossible answers to content questions: 1. Because everyone shes talked to has a quite intense and personal but often rather intolerant view on what we can or cannot lie about.2. They are social lies, peace-keeping lies, protective lies and trust-keeping lies.3. Most people think so because they feel it is the civilized way for people to behave. Without them, our relationships would go wrong. 4. Because he thinks that social lying is lying, that little white lies are still lies. And he feels that telling lies is morally wrong and destroys your credibility.5. The writer thinks that peace-keeping lies are designed to keep trouble at bay without hurting anyone. And she tells them at times too, but still feels theyre wrong.6. Dave holds that it is cowardly of his wife to tell peace-keeping lies. However, his wife thinks that she is being wise to do so. 7. They tell protective lies because theyre convinced that the truth would be too damaging. They believe its for the good of the person theyre lying to, not for any personal gain. 8. Because she thinks it quite presumptuous to claim she knows whats best for others to know. And we never can be sure, once we start to tell such lies, just what theyll end up in. 9. She defines trust-keeping lies as lies that involve triangulation. People feel compelled to tell such lies because once theyve agreed not to betray a friends confidence, they cant betray it, even if they must lie.10. Her way is to keep herself from being told about her friends secrets. 11. By “Watergate lies” she refers to lies that are told to cover up serious scandals like abuse of power by public officials, violation of the public trust, bribery and all that. She disapproves of telling Watergate lies most probably because she thinks they are immoral or illegal. 12. Its her belief that once weve promised to keep a trust, we must tell lies to keep it. She also believes that we cant tell Watergate lies.Text Analysis1. PartsParagraphs (s)Main IdeasPart OnePara 1Why the writer finds it difficult to write on the subject of lying and how she is going to deal with the difficulty in composing the essay.Part TwoParas 2-36The writer discusses four types of lies and tells us what she thinks about each of them.Part ThreeParas 37-42How the writer feels we should cope with the question of whether or not to lie.2. Exposition.3.Types of LiesDefinitionsExamples Authors OpinionSocial liesSocial lies are those that help to keep good relationships among people.People tend to tell social lies when they say “Its so nice”, “I had a wonderful time”, etc.The author is basically in favor of telling such lies.Peace-keeping liesPeace-keeping lies are designed to avoid irritation or argument.The exchange between Dave and Elaine; Lauras point of viewAlthough feeling guilty, she tells them at times.Protective liesProtective lies are the ones that are supposed to be in the interests of the person we are lying to.Lying to the dying about the state of their health, to ones children on marital matters, etc.They are sometimes necessary.Trust-keeping liesTrust-keeping lies are those told to keep a trust.Frans attitude; Watergate liesSome lies are O.K. while others are not.4. By so doing she directly appeals to the readers own judgment on the controversial subject of lying, showing that she has no intention of imposing her own opinion and encouraging the reader to think for himself.Language Sense Enhancement1. (1) convinced(2) supersede(3) personal gain(4) on the grounds that(5) devastating(6) presumptuous(7) playing God(8) manipulation(9) juggle(10) roll VocabularyI. 1. 1) invitation2) eloquent3) concede4) contradictory5) conceals6) guilty7) generalize8) get caught in9) for now10) as a last resort2.1) Non-smoking area. Johns very intolerant of people who smoke.2) She is an interesting character, and a bit of a mystery to me.3) Because it does not reveal their marital status.4) We are planning on trekking through the Malaysian Rainforest. 5) He muttered something under his breath that I couldnt understand.6) They may need to wear protective rubber gloves and clothing. 7) The chairperson said sometimes unemployment tempted the youth into criminal activities.8) Though she never admitted it, the look on her face when I mentioned James name gave her away.3.1) Throughout history, people have been intrigued by the question of whether there is intelligent life elsewhere in the universe.2) The hill farmers lot has never been easy and in recent years has been assailed by a series of major crises.3) As with most people in his family, Grey is a great talker when hes in the mood to talk.4) Few people find it necessary to condemn white lies on the grounds that they are not real lies. 5) All the evidence of your qualifications and skills that backs up the claims you make in your rsum should be included.4.1) In general, everything that irritates us about others can lead us to an understanding of ourselves. To disregard what the world thinks of us is not only arrogant but also utterly shameless.2) Eddie was adamant that his son should never indulge in vain wishes; he believed that it was absurd for his son to pursue a romantic but utterly impractical career in the future. 3) Those considering an adventurous safari in Central Africa should be aware that there is an extremely small, but nonetheless present, risk of encountering bandits on the road. Thus they should decide for themselves whether such potential risks will be personally acceptable to them and their companions. 5.1) go around / round2) Go for3) went off4) go on5) is going on6) go about7) go along8) go through9) go by10) go overII. Usage1. The manager was chatting with the chairman of the board about something that concerned the future of their cooperation and I could tell that he was being careful with his words. 2. Tom didnt really like the food, but he was being polite and ate quite a bit. 3. He kept tapping on his teacup with his spoon because he was getting impatient waiting for the waiter to come around. 4. By handing in papers off the Internet, students are being stupid because they run the risk of being caught and expelled from school. 5. He was being a coward by not being truthful to himself and others. 6. Some of the nurses were very rude and told Edgar he was being a nuisance when he complained. 7. Dont talk nonsense. Im being serious.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1. Text-related(1) go along(2) honesty(3) straightforward(4) indulge in(5) What about(6) dodge(7) assert(8) absurd(9) resort(10) juggle2. Theme-related(1) asserting (2) go along(3) because(4) part(5) Mistakes(6) exceptions(7) end(8) resort(9) dying(10) freedomII. Translation The new president of our university disappr