伊恩史蒂文森博士 轮回论文.doc

伊恩史蒂文森博士 Past Life Sleuth : If youre new to the work of Dr. Stevenson, you may want to start with this description of his method, a couple pages excerpted from Childrens Past Lives . 过去的生活猎犬 ：如果你是新来的史蒂文森博士的工作，你可能要开始与此生活的描述他的方法， 过去的情侣页摘自儿童 。 A Matter of Death & Life: Ian Stevensons Scientific Search for Evidence of Reincarnation Based on the book by Tom Shroder, this appeared as an article in the Washington Post Magazine, 8/99. 一个生命的死亡及物质：伊恩史蒂文森的科学证据为转世搜索谢罗德基于汤姆簿，这似乎是一个99条在华盛顿邮报杂志，8 /。 Shroder travelled with Stevenson on two of his research trips to Lebanon and India.谢罗德出外旅行，他的研究两到黎巴嫩和印度史蒂文森。 He gives a vivid account of how he carries out his research, but also explores the proof issue.他给了他如何进行他的研究生动的帐户，但还探讨了证据的问题。 Interview with Dr. Stevenson conducted by Dr. KS Rawat. 史蒂文森博士访谈进行堪萨斯Rawat博士。 Dr. Stevenson reveals his personal views on the meaning of his work.史蒂文森博士揭示了他工作的意义他个人的看法。 The Omin Magazine Interview . 在Omin杂志访问 。 Dr. Stevenson comes forth with yet more fascinating and original opinions and insights on the paranormal.史蒂文森博士提出来与更多的精彩和独到的见解和超自然现象的见解。 Some of My Journeys in Medicine . 我的一些医学之旅 。 A fascinating lecture in which Dr. Stevenson explains how his dissatisfaction with conventional medicine and psychoanalysis led him to his work.一个有趣的演讲中，史蒂文森博士解释他如何与传统医学和心理的不满导致他自己的工作。 This lecture is a revelation of the breadth and depth of Dr. Stevensons ideas and erudition, and the logic that led him to challenge some of the basic presumptions of Western medicine.这个讲座是一个博士的广度和史蒂文森的思想和学识深度，使他的逻辑，挑战西方医学的基本假设一些启示。 Sweet Swarnlata : a summary of one of Stevens cases. 甜Swarnlata ：一个案例摘要的史蒂芬之一。 This case appears in shorter form in Childrens Past Lives .这种情况下在较短的生命形式出现在儿童的过去 。 Thanks to a friend of the Forum, Carlos Plaza Vegas, we can offer the same case translated into Spanish: Dulce Swarnlata .拉斯维加斯感谢广场的一个朋友在论坛，卡洛斯，我们可以提供相同的情况下翻译成西班牙语： 杜尔塞Swarnlata 。 Shanti Devi: This case actually pre-dates Stevensons work in India, but he did do a follow-up investigation. 香提黛维：这个案例实际上提前当史蒂文森的印度工作，但他却做了追踪调查。 It is a well known and most remarkable case-even Gandhi got involved.这是众所周知的，最显着的例子 - 尽管甘地被卷入。 This summary article was written by Dr. KS Rawat.此摘要文章的作者是堪萨斯州Rawat博士。 Birthmarks and Birth Defects Corresponding to Wounds on Deceased Persons “胎记和先天缺陷的人伤口上对应死者” Dr. Stevensons research into the correspondance between birthmarks and past-life wounds is perhaps the most unexpected, shocking part of his work.史蒂文森博士加入胎记和过去之间的寿命伤口对应关系的研究也许是最意想不到的，令人震惊，他的工作的一部分。 His last and largest single work (more than 2200 pages) focuses on this physical manifestation of reincarnation.他最后和最大的单一工作（超过2200页）着重在这个轮回的物理表现。 Fortunately he summarized his consulsions in this relatively readable article.幸运的是他总结了他的这个比较可读的文章consulsions。 It was first published by Dr. Stevenson in the Journal of Scientific Exploration in 1993.这是1993年首次出版探索杂志史蒂文森博士在科学 。 伊恩史蒂文森博士 Birthmarks Article胎记条 Note: This article by Dr. Ian Stevenson, published in an academic journal in 1993, provides amazing graphic evidence that physical traits somehow can carry over from a past life to a present life.注：本伊恩史蒂文森博士的文章，在学术杂志上发表于1993年，提供惊人的图形的证据表明，身体特征在某种程度上可以从过去的生活进行转移到现在的生活。 It also give a sample of Dr. Stevensons thoroughness, and of his academic style.这也给了史蒂文森博士的彻底样本，和他的学术风格。 Its not easy reading.这并不容易阅读。 But it is, in my opinion, the strongest proof yet of reincarnation.但是，在我看来，最强烈的证据，但轮回。 The forthcoming book that Dr. Stevenson mentions, and on which this article is based, is now available.在“即将出版的新书”史蒂文森博士提到，并在此文章的基础上，现已推出。 Its huge, more than 2200 pages.这是巨大的，2200多页。 If you want to dig into this amazing work further, I recommend you get the shorter summary book, Where Biology and Reincarnation Intersect from A (it probably is not in your local bookstore, but its here in ours).惊人的工作，如果你想进入这个进一步挖掘，我建议你较短摘要书， 凡生物学和轮回相交从A（它可能不在你当地的书店，但它在这里在我们的）。 Following is the complete text of the article.以下是文章的完整文本。“胎记和出生缺陷对应的已故人士的伤口” By Dr. Ian Stevenson伊恩史蒂文森博士 Dr. Ian Stevenson is the head of the Department of Psychiatric Medicine at the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.伊恩史蒂文森博士是精神科医学系在医学，夏洛茨维尔，弗吉尼亚州弗吉尼亚大学校长。 This paper was presented at the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Society for Scientific Exploration held at Princeton University.本文是在第十一届科学探索学会年会上提出的普林斯顿大学举行。 June 11-13, 1992. 6月11号至13号，1992。Abstract摘要 Almost nothing is known about why pigmented birthmarks (moles or nevi) occur in particular locations of the skin.几乎没有人知道为什么色素胎记（痣或痣）在特定地点发生的皮肤。 The causes of most birth defects are also unknown.大多数出生缺陷的原因还不清楚。 About 35% of children who claim to remember previous lives have birthmarks and/or birth defects that they (or adult informants) attribute to wounds on a person whose life the child remembers.约有35儿童声称要记住谁前世的胎记和/或出生缺陷，他们（或成人举报人）属性对一个人的生活的孩子记得伤口。 The cases of 210 such children have been investigated. 210这些儿童的案件进行了调查。 The birthmarks were usually areas of hairless, puckered skin; some were areas of little or no pigmentation (hypopigmented macules); others were areas of increased pigmentation (hyperpigmented nevi).无毛的胎记了，皱起的皮肤通常的地区;有些很少或没有色素沉着（hypopigmented斑）地区，另一些增加色素（色素增加性痣）地区。 The birth defects were nearly always of rare types.出生缺陷几乎总是稀缺煤种。 In cases in which a deceased person was identified the details of whose life unmistakably matched the childs statements, a close correspondence was nearly always found between the birthmarks and/or birth defects on the child and the wounds on the deceased person.在案件中，死者是确定了他的生活细节明白无误地匹配孩子的报表的同时，密切的对应关系是胎记之间几乎总是和/或出生缺陷的儿童和对死者的伤口发现。 In 43 of 49 cases in which a medical document (usually a postmortem report) was obtained, it confirmed the correspondence between wounds: and birthmarks (or birth defects).在43 49中一名医疗文件（通常是事后报告），获得的情况下，它证实伤口之间的对应关系：和胎记（或出生缺陷）。 There is little evidence that parents and other informants imposed a false identitmarks and birth defects.y on the child in order to explain the childs birthmark or birth defect.很少有证据表明，父母和其他举报人处以虚假identitmarks并在子女出生defects.y为了解释孩子的胎记或先天缺陷。 Some paranormal process seems required to account for at least some of the details of these cases, including the birth一些超自然的过程似乎需要至少占这些案件中的一些细节，包括出生Figure 1.图1。 Hypopigmented macule on chest of an Indian youth who, as a child, said he remembered the life of a man, Maha Ram, who was killed with a shotgun fired at close range. Hypopigmented对印度青年胸部斑疹谁，作为一个孩子，说他想起了一个人，玛哈羊，谁是在近距离内用猎枪打死发射了生命。 Figure 2图2 The circles show the principal shotgun wounds on Maha Ram, for comparison with Figure 1.圆圈显示与图1比较了玛哈内存，主要霰弹枪伤。 This drawing is from the autopsy report of the deceased. 本图是从死者的验尸报告。 Introduction简介 Although counts of moles (hyperpigmented nevi) have shown that the average adult has between 15 and IX of them (Pack and Davis, 1956), little is known about their cause - except for those associated with the genetic disease neurofibromatosis - and even less is known about why birthmarks occur in one location of the body instead of in another.虽然痣（色素增加性痣）计数显示，成年人平均15至第九他们（包和戴维斯，1956年）已知之甚少自己的事业 - 除了与遗传疾病相关的神经纤维瘤 - 甚至不知道为什么胎记是在人体的一个位置，而不是在另一个发生。 In a few instances a genetic factor has been plausibly suggested for the location of nevi (Cockayne, 1933; Denaro, 1944; Maruri, 1961); but the cause of the location of most birthmarks remains unknown.在少数情况下有遗传因素是振振有词建议为痣的位置（科克恩，1933;德纳罗，1944年Maruri，1961年）;但大多数胎记位置的原因仍然不明。 The causes of many, perhaps most, birth defects remain similarly unknown.许多，其原因也许是大多数出生缺陷仍然同样不明。 In large series of birth defects in which investigators have searched for the known causes, such as chemical teratogens (like thalidomide), viral infections, and genetic factors, between 430/0 (Nelson and Holmes, 1989) and 65 - 70% (Wilson, 1973) of cases have finally been assigned to the category of unknown causes.在出生缺陷中，调查人员搜查了已知的原因，如化学致畸物（如沙立度胺），病毒感染和遗传因素外，与大系列430 / 0（Nelson和霍姆斯，1989年）和65 - 70（威尔逊，1973年）的案件终于被分配到类“未知的原因。” Among 895 cases of children who claimed to remember a previous life (or were thought by adults to have had a previous life), birthmarks and/or birth defects attributed to the previous life were reported in 309 (35%) of the subjects.在八百九十五案件儿童谁声称要记住以前的生活（或由成年人有过以前的生活思想），胎记和/或出生缺陷的原因是以前的生活是在309（35）报告的主题。 The birthmark or birth defect of the child was said to correspond to a wound (usually fatal) or other mark on the deceased person whose life the child said it remembered.孩子的胎记或出生缺陷被说成对应一个伤口（通常是致命的），或者死者的人的生活的孩子说，记得其他标记。 This paper reports an inquiry into the validity of such claims.本文报告一进入这种要求的有效性调查。 With my associates I have now carried the investigation of 210 such cases to a stage where I can report their details in a forthcoming book (Stevenson, forthcoming).随着我的同事，现在我已经进行了210这类案件的调查到一个阶段，我可以在即将发表的报告书（史蒂文森，即将出版）的详细信息。 This article summarizes our findings.本文总结了我们的调查结果。 Children who claim to remember previous lives have been found in every part of the world where they have been looked for (Stevenson, 1983; 1987), but they are found most easily in the countries of South Asia.孩子谁记得前世声称发现了世界的每一个部分，他们已经看了（史蒂文森，1983; 1987），但他们发现在南亚国家最容易。 Typically, such a child begins to speak about a previous life almost as soon as it can speak, usually between the ages of two and three; and typically it stops doing so between the ages of five and seven (Cook, Pasricha, Samararatne, Win Maung, and Stevenson, 1983).通常情况下，这样的孩子开始谈论以前的生活几乎就在它可以说通常在两个和三个年龄，以及它通常停止做这样的五，七（库克，Pasricha，Samararatne，赢得如此青睐貌和史蒂文森，1983）。 Although some of the children make only vague statements, others give details of names and events that permit identifying a person whose life and death corresponds to the childs statements.虽然有的孩子只作空泛的陈述，别人给的名称和事件的细节，允许确定一个人的生命和死亡的孩子对应的语句。 In some instances the person identified is already known to the childs family, but in many cases this is not so.在某些情况下，人确定已经知道孩子的家庭，但在许多情况下，这并非如此。 In addition to making verifiable statements about a deceased person, many of the children show behavior (such as a phobia) that is unusual in their family but found to correspond to behavior shown by the deceased person concerned or conjecturable for him (Stevenson, 1987; 1990).除了使有关死者的核查报表时，许多儿童节目的行为（如恐惧症），是不寻常的家庭，但他们发现对应于由死者有关的人或他conjecturable（史蒂文森，1987年显示的行为; 1990年）。 Although some of the birthmarks occurring on these children are ordinary hyperpigmented nevi (moles) of which every adult has some (Pack and Davis, 1956), most are not.虽然这些孩子发生胎记有些是“普通”色素增加性痣（痣），其中每一个成年人有一些（包和戴维斯，1956年），大部分都没有。 Instead, they are more likely to be puckered and scarlike, sometimes depressed a little below the surrounding skin, areas of hairlessness, areas of markedly diminished pigmentation (hypopigmented macules), or port-wine stains (nevipammri).相反，它们更可能是皱起和scarlike，有时沮丧低于周围的皮肤少，对hairlessness地区，显着减少色素沉着（hypopigmented斑），或鲜红斑痣（nevipammri）地区。 When a relevant birthmark is a hyperpigmented nevus, it is nearly always larger in area than the ordinary hyperpigmented nevus.当有关胎记是一种色素增加性痣，它的面积几乎总是大于“普通”色素增加性痣。 Similarly, the birth defects in these cases are of unusual types and rarely correspond to any of the recognizable patterns of human malformation (Smith, 1982).同样，在这些情况下，出生缺陷是不寻常的类型，很少对应于“人的畸形识别的模式”任何（史密斯，1982）。 Methods方法 My investigations of these cases included interviews, often repeated, with the subject and with several or many other informants for both families.这些案件包括我的调查采访，常常重复的主题和两个家庭与几个或许多其他举报人。 With rare exceptions, only firsthand informants were interviewed.除了极少数例外，只有亲身举报人进行了面谈。 All pertinent written records that existed, particularly death certificates and postmortem reports, were sought and examined.所有相关的书面记录的存在，尤其是死亡证明和尸检报告，被要求和检验。 In the cases in which the informants said that the two families had no previous acquaintance, I made every effort to exclude all possibility that some information might nevertheless have passed normally to the child, perhaps through a half-forgotten mutual acquaintance of the two families.在案件中，举报人说，这两个家庭有没有以前的熟人，我尽了一切努力，排除一切可能仍然有一些信息，通常通过对孩子也许是通过一个半被遗忘的两个家庭相互了解的可能性。 I have published elsewhere full details about methods (Stevenson, 1975; 1987).我曾在其他地方发表有关方法的详细资料（史蒂文森，1975; 1987）。 I did not accept any indicated mark as a birthmark unless a firsthand witness assured me that it had been noticed immediately after the childs birth or, at most, within a few weeks.我没有接受任何指示标志一个胎记，除非第一手证人向我保证，它已被发现后，立即对孩子的出生或在几个星期内，最多。 I enquired about the occurrence of similar birth marks in other members of the family; in nearly every instance this was denied, but in seven cases a genetic factor could not be excluded.我询问有关的其他家庭成员发生类似的胎记，在几乎每一个实例，这是否认，但在七个情况下，遗传因素不能被排除在外。 Birth defects of the kind in question here would be noticed immediately after the childs birth.这里的有关实物出生缺陷发现后立即将孩子的诞生。 Inquiries in these cases excluded (again with rare exceptions) the known causes of birth defects, such as close biological relationship of the parents (consanguinity), viral infections in the subjects mother during her pregnancy, and chemical causes of birth defects like alcohol.在这些情况下排除的查询（再次除了极少数例外）出生缺陷的原因，如著名的生物密切的关系的父母（血缘关系），在主题的母亲在怀孕期间病毒感染，如酒精和出生缺陷化学的原因。 Results结果 Correspondences between Wounds and Birthmarks对应之间创伤和胎记 A correspondence between birthmark and wound was judged satisfactory if the birthmark and wound were both within an area of 10 square centimeters at the same anatomical location; in fact, many of the birthmarks and wounds were much closer to the same location than this.胎记及伤口之间的信件，如果被认为令人满意的胎记，伤口均在一个10平方厘米的解剖位置在同一区域两个，事实上，胎记和伤口的许多更接近比这个相同的位置。 A medical document, usually a postmortem report, was obtained in 49 cases.一个医学文献，通常是事后的报告，得到了49例。 The correspondence between wound and birthmark was judged satisfactory or better by the mentioned criterion in 43 (88%) of these cases and not satisfactory in 6 cases.之间的伤口，胎记信件被评为满意或更好地在上述标准43（88），而不是在这些案件6例令人满意。 Several different explanations seem to be required to account for the discrepant cases, and I discuss these elsewhere (Stevenson. forthcoming).几种不同的解释，似乎是需要考虑的不符的情况下，和我讨论这些在别处（Stevenson.即将出版）。 Figure 1 shows a birthmark (an urea of hypopigmentation) on an Indian child who said he remembered the life of a man who had been killed with a shotgun fired at close range.图1显示了在印度的孩子说，他想起了谁的谁已与在近距离开枪打死人的生命猎枪胎记（一种色素减退尿素）。 Figure 2 shows the location of the wounds recorded by the pathologist.图2显示了由病理学家记录的伤口位置。 (The circles were drawn by an Indian physician who studied the postmortem report with me.) （圆圈，得出了一个印度医生谁与我死后研究报告。） The high proportion (88%) of concordance between wounds and birthmarks in the cases for which we obtained postmortem reports (or other confirming documents) increases confidence in the accuracy of informants memories concerning the wounds on the deceased person in those more numerous cases for which we could obtain no medical document.高比例的伤口和胎记之间的一致性（88）的案件中，我们得到尸检报告（或其他确认文件）增加对举报人关于对死者的伤口回忆，在许多情况下更准确的信任我们可以得到任何医疗文件。 Not all errors of informants memories would have resulted in attributing a correspondence between birth marks and wounds that did nor exist; in four cases (possibly five) reliance on an informants memory would have resulted in missing a correspondence to which a medical document attested.并非所有的错误都将举报人的回忆在归于一诞生，标志着之间没有对应的创伤，也导致存在，4例（可能5）对举报人的内存的依赖将导致缺少的对应文件的医疗证明。 Figure 3图3 Large verrucous epidermal nevus on head of a Thai man who as a child said he remembered the life of his paternal uncle, who was killed with a blow on the head from a heavy knife.大疣状对泰国人谁作为一个孩子说，他想起了他父亲的叔叔，谁是头一份关于从一重刀的打击头部表皮痣杀害生命。 Cases with Two or More Birthmarks 案件有两个或以上胎记 The argument of chance as accounting for the correspondence between birthmarks and wounds becomes much reduced when the child has two or more birthmarks each corresponding to a wound on the deceased person whose life he claims to remember.对作为胎记和伤口之间的对应会计的机会大大减少的论点就当孩子有两个或更多的胎记每一个死者的人的生活，他声称要记住相应的伤口。 Figure 3 shows a major abnormality of the skin (verrucous epidermal nevus) on the back of the head of a Thai man who, as a child, recalled the life of his uncle, who had been struck on the head with a heavy knife and killed almost instantly.图3显示了对皮肤的泰国人谁，作为一个孩子，回顾了他的叔叔，谁已经砸在头一重刀，杀害生命的后脑勺重大异常（疣状表皮痣）几乎瞬间。 The subject also had a deformed toenail of the right great toe (Figure 4).这个题目也有右大脚趾（图4）变形的趾甲。 This corresponded to a chronic infection of the same toe from which the subjects uncle had suffered for some years before he died.这相当于一个相同的主题，从脚趾的叔叔曾经遭受了数年他去世之前，慢性感染。 Figure 4图4 Congenital malformation of nail on right great toe of the Thai subject shown in Figure 3.先天性畸形右钉在图3所示的泰国受到大脚趾。 This malformation corresponded to a chronic ulcer of the right great toe from which the subjects uncle had suffered.这种畸形相当于一个大脚趾的权利从该主体的叔叔曾受到慢性溃疡。 The series includes 18 cases in which two birthmarks on a subject corresponded to gunshot wounds of entry and exit.该系列包括18例，其中两个对应一个主题胎记出入境枪伤。 In 14 of these one birthmark was larger than the other, and in 9 of these 14 the evidence clearly showed that the smaller birthmark (usually round) corresponded to the wound of entry and the larger one (usually irregular in shape) corresponded to the wound of exit.在其中的一个胎记14比另一个大，在这14个9的证据清楚地表明，较小的胎记（通常为圆形）相对应的条目伤口，较大的一个（通常是形状不规则）对应于伤口出境。 These observations accord with the fact that bullet wounds of exit are nearly always larger than wounds of entry (Fatteh, 1976; Gordon and Shapiro, 1982).这些意见与事实一致认为退出枪伤几乎总是比进入伤口（Fatteh，1976;戈登和Shapiro，1982）大。 Figure 5 shows a small round birthmark on the back of the head of a Thai boy, and Figure 6 shows a larger, irregularly shaped birthmark at the front of his head.图5显示了在泰国的一个小男孩的后脑勺圆胎记，图6显示了较大，形状不规则的在他的头前胎记。 The boy said that he remembered the life of a man who was shot in the head from behind.这个男孩说，他想起了一个谁是在头部从背后开枪的人的生活。 (The mode of death was verified, but no medical document was obtainable.) In addition to the 9 cases I have investigated myself, Mills reported another case having the feature of a small round birthmark (corresponding to the wound of entry) and a larger birthmark corresponding to the wound of exit (both verified by