英译汉真题答案.doc

_英译汉Henry BradshawWhen one speaks of Bradshaws work it is hard to make the unitiated quite understand either its extent, its importance, or its perfection. He knew more about printed books than any man living-he could tell at a glance the date and country, generally the town, at which a book was published. And the enormous range of this subject cannot be explained without a technical knowledge of the same. He was one of the foremost of Chaucer scholars, a very efficient linguist in range (though for reading, not speaking purposes), as, for instance, in the case of the old Breton language, which he evolved from notes and glosses, scribbled between the lines and on margins of Mass books-and his joy at the discovery of a word that he had suspected but never encountered was delightful to see. He could acquire a language for practical purposes with great rapidity-as, for instance, Armenian，which he began on a Thursday morning at Venice, and could read, so as to decipher titles for cataloguing, on Saturday night. He had close and unrivalled knowledge of cathedral statutes and constitutions. He was an advanced student in the origins of liturgies-especially Iris-and, indeed, in the whole of Irish literature and printing he was supreme-and, finally, he was by common consent the best palaeographist, or critic of the date of MSS., in the world.（刚百度下的PDF手打有错误请包容哈 大家也可以去百度一下这是刘士聪译的一篇文章）汉译英信是传递心声的鸿雁，信是连接友情的桥梁。接读朋友的来信，尤其是远自海外犹带着异国风云的航空信，确是人生一大快事，如果无须回信的话。回信，是读信之乐的一大代价。久不回信，屡不回信，接信之乐必然就相对减少，以致于无，这时，友情便暂告中断了，直到有一天在赎罪的心情下，你毅然回起信来。蹉跎了这么久，接信之乐早变成欠信之苦，我便是这么一位屡犯的罪人，交游千百，几乎每一位朋友都数得出我的前科来的。英国诗人奥登曾说，他常常搁下重要的信件不回，躲在家里看他的侦探小说。王尔德有一次对韩黎说：“我认得不少人，满怀光明的远景来到伦敦，但是几个月后就整个崩溃了，因为他们有回信的习惯。”显然王尔德认为，要过好日子，就得戒除回信的恶习。 可见怕回信的人，原不止我一个。（这是余光中的尺素寸心指定教材汉英翻译教程里的段子）老与少老年为少年之过来人，少年为老年之候补者，老与少，只不过时间上之差别而已。然中国习惯，对老少之间，往往划有无形界限。在客观上，有时重老而轻少，有时重少而轻老。在主观上，老者自恃其老，少年自矜其少。几千年来，遂形成老者自以为持重练达，而菲薄少年为少不更事；而少年自以为新锐精进，而輘轹老者为老朽昏庸。此真所谓偏颇两失之见也！曩梁任公在其少年中国一文中，对老年人与少年人曾有一适当对比。其言曰：“老年人如夕照，少年人如朝阳；老年人如瘠牛，少年人如乳虎；老年人如僧，少年人如侠；老年人如字典，少年人如戏文；老年人如鸦片烟，少年人如白兰地酒；老年人如别行星之陨石，少年人如大海洋之珊瑚岛；老年人如埃及沙漠之金字塔，少年人如西伯利亚之铁路；老年人如秋后之柳，少年人如春间之草；老年人如死海之潴为泽，少年人如长江之初发源”观此，则知老年与少年，各有所长，各有其用，如能祛除成见，同为国家效力，则裨益民族，定非浅鲜。OldAgeandYoungTheagedaretheantecedentsoftheyoung,andtheyoungarethecandidatesoftheaged.Thedifferencebetweenageandyouthisonlyamatteroftime.But,accordingtotheChinesecustom,thereisalwaysaninvisiblelineofdemarcationbetweenthem.Objectivelyspeaking,sometimestheagedareheldinesteemandtheyoungaremadelightof;sometimesitisjusttheotherwayround.Subjectivelyspeaking,theagedareself-conceitedbecauseoftheirgoodoldage,whiletheyoungthinknosmallbeeroftheirownyouth.Forthousandsofyearsithasbeenassumedthattheaged,thinkingthemselvesexperiencedandmoreskillful,lookdownupontheyoungfortheirgreennessinworldlyaffairs,whiletheyoung,thinkingthemselvesfreshinlifeandmoreenergetic,calltheagedoldfogies.Eitheroftheseviews,ofcourse,isfarfrombeingimpartial.LiangQi-chaoinanarticleentitled“YoungChina”madeapropercontrastbetweentheagedandtheyoung.Hesaid: “Theoldmanislikethesettingsun;theyoungman,themorningsun.Theoldmanislikealeanox;theyoungman,acubtiger.Theoldmanislikeamonk;theyoungman,aknight.Theoldmanislikeadictionary;theyoungman,thetextofaplay.Theoldmanislikeopium;theyoungman,brandy.Theoldmanislikeashootingstar;theyoungman,acoralisland.TheoldmanislikethepyramidofEgypt;theyoungman,theSiberianrailroad.Theoldmanislikethewillowafterautumn;theyoungman,thegrassinspring.Theoldmanislikethedeadseathatturnsintoalake;theyoungman,thesourceoftheYangtzeRiver.Fromthis,weknowthattheagedandtheyoungbothhavetheirownmeritsanduses.Iftheywillcastawaytheirprejudicesandworktogetherforthecountry,theirservicestothepeopleshallbe immense.08华师英译汉This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals - the average scientist, for one.(8)I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.(9)Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties - he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports.(10)But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.(7)During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.(11)The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living.(12)They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.(13) This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in public and illustrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, is something else.这个定义将许多经常被称作知识分子的个人排除在外，比如说普通科学家。如同商人看待自己的道德规范一样，科学家在生命中大部分时间里，也会将自己的道德规范视为理所当然的事。(7) This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals - the average scientist, for one.During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.翻译这个定义将许多经常被称作知识分子的个人排除在外，比如说普通科学家。如同商人看待自己的道德规范一样，科学家在生命中大部分时间里，也会将自己的道德规范视为理所当然的事。(8)I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.翻译我把普通科学家排除在外，是因为尽管他的成就可能促成道德问题的解决，但是他只承担了触及这些问题事实方面的任务。(9)Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties - he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports.像其他人一样，他每天遭遇道德问题甚至于处理平时日常工作-他不应该随意处理他的实验，编造证据，或篡改他的报告。(10)But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.参考译文：但是，普通科学家的主要任务并非思考指导其行为的道德规范，正如我们并不指望商人把精力投入到商业行为的探索一样。(11)The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionallybeen the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living.这个定义也不包括大多数的教师，尽管事实上是教书从传统上来说一直是许多知识分子的谋生手段。(12) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.他们可以教书教得很好，而且不仅仅是为了挣工资，但他们大多数人却很少或没有对需要进行道德判断的、人的问题进行独立思考。(13) This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. ”Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in public and illustrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, ”is something else.“这种描述适用于大多数出色的学者。正如爱默生所说的，“精通某个人类学科是一回事，在生活中具有公共的、卓越的思想是另外一回事。”英译汉：Tourists 中的一部分 综英第7册Torcello, which used to be lonely as a cloud, has recently become an outing from Venice. Many more visitors than it can comfortably hold pour into it, off the regular steamers, off chartered motor-boats, and off yachts; all day they amble up the towpath, looking for what? The cathedral is decorated with early mosaics-scenes from hell, much restored, and a great sad, austere Madonna; Byzantine art is an acquired taste and probably not one in ten of the visitors has acquired it. They wander into the church and look round aimlessly. They come out on to the village green and photograph each other in a stone armchair, said to be the throne of Attila. They relentlessly tear at the wild roses which one has seen in bud and longed to see in bloom and which for a day have scented the whole island. As soon as they are picked the roses fade and are thrown into the canal. The Americans visit the inn to eat or drink something. The English declare that they cant afford to do this. They take food which they have brought with them into the vineyard and I am sorry to say leave the devil of a mess behind them. Every Thursday Germans come up the towpath, marching as to war, with a Leader. There is a standing order for fifty luncheons at the inn; while they eat the Leader lectures them through a megaphone. After luncheon they march into the cathedral and undergo another lecture. They, at least, know what they are seeing. Then they march back to their boat. They are tidy; they leave no litter.Nancy Mitford, The Water Beetle托车罗往日寂寞如孤云，近来却成了威尼斯外围的游览点。来客多了，这个小地方就拥挤不堪。搭班船的，坐包船的，驾游艇的，一批批涌到，从早到晚，通过那条纤路，漫步进村观光。想看什么呢？大教堂内装饰，有早期镶嵌画；表现地狱诸景的多经修复，此外还有容色黯然凛然的圣母巨像。拜占庭艺术是要有特殊修养才能欣赏的，而有特殊修养的游客十中无一。这些人逛到教堂，东张西望，茫茫然不止看什么好。踏上村中草地，看到一张石椅，听说是匈奴王阿提拉的宝座，就要照相：一个个登上大位，你给我照，我给你照。这些人惯于棘手摧花，见了野玫瑰决不放过。可怜含苞欲放的野玫瑰，岛上飘香才一昼，爱花者正盼其盛开，却给这些人摘下来，转瞬凋萎，给扔进运河。美国人光顾小酒店，吃吃喝喝。英国人声称花不起，自带食物进葡萄园野餐；真对不起，我不能不说他们把人家的地方搞得乱七八糟。德国人呢，每逢星期四就象出征一样，由队长率领，列队循纤路走来，到小酒店吃其照例预订的五十份午餐，边吃边听队长用喇叭给他们上大课。午餐后列队到大教堂，在里头还得恭听一课。他们至少知道看的什么。完了列队回船。他们倒是整洁得很，从来不留半点垃圾。-翁显良译文（转引自连淑能，2006）汉译英：故都的秋不逢北国之秋，已将近十余年了。在南方每年到了秋天，总要想起陶然亭的芦花，钓鱼台的柳影，西山的虫唱，玉泉的夜月，潭柘寺的钟声。在北平即使不出门去吧，就是在皇城人海之中，租人家一椽破屋来住着，早晨起来，泡一碗浓茶，向院子一坐，你也能看得到很高很高的碧绿的天色，听得到青天下驯鸽的飞声。从槐树叶底，朝东细数着一丝一丝漏下来的日光，或在破壁腰中，静对着像喇叭似的牵牛花（朝荣）的蓝朵，自然而然地也能够感觉到十分的秋意。It is more than a decade since I last saw autumn in North. When I am in the South, the arrival of each autumn will put me in mind of Peipings Tao Ran Ting with its reed catkins, Diao Yu Tai with its shady willow trees, Western Hills with their chirping insects, Yu Quan Shan Mountain on a moonlight evening and Tan Zhe Si with its reverbrating bell. Suppose you put up in a humble rented house inside the bustling imperial city, you can, on getting up at dawn, sit in your courtyard sipping a cup of strong tea, leisurely watch the high azure skies and listen to pigeons circling overhead. Saunter eastward under locust trees to closely observe streaks of sunlight filtering through their foliage, or quietly watch the trumpet-shaped blue flowers of morning glories climbing half way up a dilapidated wall, and an intense feeling of autumn will of itself well up inside you.喻血轮老与少英译老年为少年之过来人，少年为老年之候补者，老与少，只不过时间上之差别而已。然中国习惯，对老少之间，往往划有无形界限。在客观上，有时重老而轻少，有时重少而轻老。在主观上，老者自恃其老，少年自矜其少。几千年来，遂形成老者自以为持重练达，而菲薄少年为少不更事；而少年自以为新锐精进，而輘轹老者为老朽昏庸。此真所谓偏颇两失之见也！曩梁任公在其少年中国一文中，对老年人与少年人曾有一适当对比。其言曰：“老年人如夕照，少年人如朝阳；老年人如瘠牛，少年人如乳虎；老年人如僧，少年人如侠；老年人如字典，少年人如戏文；老年人如鸦片烟，少年人如白兰地酒；老年人如别行星之陨石，少年人如大海洋之珊瑚岛；老年人如埃及沙漠之金字塔，少年人如西伯利亚之铁路；老年人如秋后之柳，少年人如春间之草；老年人如死海之潴为泽，少年人如长江之初发源”观此，则知老年与少年，各有所长，各有其用，如能祛除成见，同为国家效力，则裨益民族，定非浅鲜。Old Age and YoungThe aged are the antecedents of the young, and the young are the candidates of the aged. The difference between age and youth is only a matter of time. But, according to the Chinese custom, there is always an invisible line of demarcation between them. Objectively speaking, sometimes the aged are held in esteem and the young are made light of; sometimes it is just the other way round. Subjectively speaking, the aged are self-conceited because of their good old age, while the young think no small beer of their own youth. For thousands of years it has been assumed that the aged, thinking themselves experienced and more skillful, look down upon th