汽车专业英语课件1.ppt

授课教师：谭罡风Email：nova_13,汽车专业英语AutomobileSpecialtyEnglish,教学目的,_,_,CompanyLogo,“汽车专业英语”，是一门应用性很强的基础课程。它体现了汽车专业与英语的结合。是从事汽车行业技术研究必须具备的一项技能。前期应具备的学科基础：汽车构造、大学英语。,授课思路,CompanyLogo,1.结合汽车专业，讲解英语中的基本元素。,各项能力培养的基础,授课思路,_,_,CompanyLogo,2.以主动授课为主，课堂反馈相结合。落实专业词汇的发音、句子停顿及篇章的理解。3.以英文讲解为主要方式，辅助以简短的中文解释。4.介绍专业英文翻译的基本要领。,CompanyLogo,授课内容,1.教材选择来源：来自欧洲支持的汽车电子教材原因：转换思路，通过介绍汽车的先进技术，反过来熟悉汽车的内在结构。内在原因：今年暑假翻译，对内容熟悉。2.内容选择：以汽车先进技术为主线，主要选择以下5方面内容：,ABS制动及牵引力控制系统气囊与安全系统EOBD和OBD汽车照明和空调低排放车辆,CompanyLogo,教学目标与考核方式,考核方式：平时成绩和期终考试相结合。平时成绩占40%，采用提问签到的方式。终期考试成绩占60%。,教学目标：熟悉并掌握常用汽车专业英语词汇的发音及含义。快速，准确理解汽车专业英语文献的含义。具备对普通汽车专业英语文献的翻译能力。,CompanyLogo,Section5.LowEmissionVehicle,Section4.VehicleLighting,Section3.EOBDThesideforcefromthesteering-Fs;Andtheverticalforcefromtheweightofthecar-Fn.,allowsthecaraccelerateandbrake.makesitpossibletosteerthecar.isgovernedbytheweightofthecar,peripheral/pE5rifErEl/force周向力sideforce侧向力verticalforce垂直力,acceleratebrakesteer/stiE/转向,vehicle/5vi:ikl/运载工具,CompanyLogo,1.2.Introduction-Forcesdependingonsurfaces,Theseforcesareaffectedbythesurfaceoftheroad,theconditionofthetires,andweatherconditions.Fr=Brakingforcevalueb=FrictionvalueFn=Thegravityofthecar,Thehighestvalueisobtainedonthecleandryroadandthelowestvalueisonice.Onthewetroad,breakingforceisverymuchdependentonthevehiclespeed.,breakingforce,drivingcondition行驶条件breakingforce制动力,CompanyLogo,1.3.Introduction-Wheelslip,Askidoccurswhenavehiclebeginstoturnslowerorfasterthanitshouldforaparticularroadspeed.A0%skidmeansthattherotationalspeedofthewheelandthevehiclespeedarethesame.A100%skidmeansthatthewheelislockedandisskiddedasthesamespeedofthecar.Differentlevelofbrakeskid.,rotationalspeedofthewheel轮胎的圆周速度wheelslip车轮滑转brakeslip制动滑移,CompanyLogo,1.4.Introduction-Brakingwithoutlateralforces,Means:Nosideforcesandallfrictionbetweenwheelandroadisusedforbreaking.Themosteffectivebrakingoccurswith10to40%skid.TherisingslopeonthegraphshowsthestableareaThefallingslopeshowstheunstablearea.,lateral/5lAtErEl/force侧向力stable/5steibl/稳定的asphalt/5AsfAlt/沥青,risingslopefallingslopestableareaunstablearea,CompanyLogo,1.5.Introduction-Brakingwithlateralforces,AlockedwheelcannolongertransmitanysideforcesThebrakingandsideforcevaluesareshownasfunctionofbrakeskid.Atzerobrakingskid,thesideforcereachesitsmaximum.Atincreasingbrakingskid,thevaluedecreasingslowlyatfirst,andthenincreases,toreachitsminimumwhenthewheelislocked.,transmitthesideforces,Freeturningwheellockedwheel,CompanyLogo,1.6.Introduction-Dualcircuittypebrakes,Toenhanceroadsafety,thehydraulicbrakingsystemisdividedintotwocircuits.Fourprinciplewaysofdividinghydraulicbrakingsystem:Front-rearsplitDiagonalsplitFrontaxleandonerearsplitHLsplit,ThecomponentsofatypicalfourchannelABSsystemare:4wheelspeedsensors;4wheelcylindersorcalipers;Amastercylinder;HydraulicControlUnit(HCU);ElectronicControlUnit(ECU).,roadsafety行车安全circuit/5sE:kit/油路hydraulic/hai5drC:lik/液力的frontrearchannel/5tFAnl/通道sensor/5sensE/传感器cylinder/5silindE/缸calipers/klipz/钳,CompanyLogo,1.7.Introduction-Brakepressure,Theleftwheelshavegoodgrip.Therightwheelshavepoorgrip.Thegagersshowthebrakepres.Notehowbrakepressureandrotationalspeedvary.,grip/rip/夹紧力,CompanyLogo,1.8.Introduction-Operation,Thepressureinthewheelcylinderincreasesandthespeedofwheelrotationdecreases.Themodulatorvalveremainsthepressure。Whenthebrakingpressuredecreases,therotationalspeedincreasesagain.ThewheelspeedincreasesThebrakingpowerdecreases,ThepressureinthecaliperisincreasedThewheelspeedisreduced,Thewheelskidiswithintherangeofmaximalbrakingefficiency.,TheABScontinuouslymonitorsbrakingefficiency.,efficiency/i5fiFEnsi/效率,CompanyLogo,1.9.Introduction-Varyinggrip,Whenbrakingonroadswithvaryinggrip,Thereisastrongtwistingtorqueontheverticalaxisofthecar.Onlargecarsthistwistingtorqueisnoproblem.Onsmallercarsitisaproblem.However,itispossibletoimprovethefunctionofthenormalofABSsystemwithsomethingcalledyawmomentincreasedelay.,twisting/5twistiN/扭转axis/5Aksis/轴verticalhorizontal,CompanyLogo,2.1.DifferentABSsystems-Controlunit,ECUelectroniccontrolunitHCUhydrauliccontrolunitEHCUelectronic-hydrauliccontrolunit.Twoidenticalmicroprocessorswithidenticalprogramstructures.Receiveandanalysisinputsfromeachwheelspeedssensors.Errorifinputinformationdoesnotfallwithinspecificationoriftheoutputcomesfromthemicroprocessorsdifferduringthecrosscheck.Anti-lockwarninglampislit.,crosscheck交叉校验warninglamp警告灯litlitlight,CompanyLogo,Twogeneraltypes:StandardABSsystemsIntegralABSsystemsAconventionalbrakingsystemandthespecialABScomponentsareusedtogether.Examplesofstandardsystemsare:BoschABS2S;BoschABS2E;BendixAddonix;BendixMecatronic;TevesMkIV;TRWEBC430/440.,2.2.DifferentABSsystems-Differenttypes,Fortheintegralsystem,thehydraulicbooster,themastercylinderandmodulatevalveblockarebuilttogetherinoneunit.TevesMkII;BendixIntegrated,Bosch/b:/博世booster/5bu:stE/增压器,CompanyLogo,2.3.DifferentABSsystems-BoschABS2,BoschABS2isanadd-onsystemwhichisbuiltontoaconventionalbrakesystem.Theelectroniccontrolmoduleispositionseparatelyorintegratedinwiththehydraulicmodulator.Thesystemconsistedof:Electroniccontrolmodule;4wheelsensors;Ahydraulicmodulator;Abrakeswitch;ABSwarninglight.,add-onsystem附加系统module/5mCdju:l/模块brakeswitch制动开关,CompanyLogo,2.3.1.DifferentABSsystems-BoschABS2-EBCM,Theelectronicbrakecontrolmodule(EBCM)iseitheranintegratedpartofthemodulatororremotelocated.Themodulereceivessignalfromwheelspeedsensors.Basedonthesignals,speed,acceleration,andaccelerationofthewheelsarecontinuallymonitored.Andareferencespeedandtendencytoawheellockupcalculatebytheunit.,Twoidenticalmicroprocessorswithidenticalprogramstructures.,Itisassumedthatthereisanerrorinthesystemiftheinputinformationdoesnotfallwithinthespecificationsoriftheoutputcommandsdifferduringthecrosscheck.,Whentheignitionsturnedon,thecontrolmodulerunsaself-check.,IfafaultisdetectedtheABSfunctionwillbeshutdown.,referencespeed参考车速ignition/i5niFEn/点火开关,self-check自校验functionshutdown,CompanyLogo,2.3.2.DifferentABSsystems-BoschABS2-Function,Phase1,Pressureincrease:Thisisthenormalpositionofthevalvefornon-ABSbrakingandduringthepressureincreasephaseofABSbraking.TheEBCMispassive,anddoesnotenergizethesolenoidvalve,ifthereisnoindicationthewheellock.Thispositiondirectlyconnectsthemastercylinderandwheelcircuit,Mastercylinderpressureappliestothewheelcircuit.,solenoid/sulnid/电磁螺线管（线圈）Pressureincreasedecrease,CompanyLogo,2.3.3.DifferentABSsystems-BoschABS2-Function,Phase2,Pressuremaintain:Whenthewheelsensorsignalindicatesexcessivedeceleration,theelectronicbrakecontrolmodulecommandsthesolenoidvalveforthatcircuittomaintainthehydraulicpressurebyisolatingthecircuit.WhentheEBCMpressuremaintain,itseemstoaccount50%ofthemaximumaccount,approximate2Athroughthesolenoid,thenmovethevalve,sothewheelcircuitisclosed.,decelerationaccelerationisolate/5aisEleit/使隔离,excessive/ik5sesiv/过度的approximate/E5prCksimeit/接近于,CompanyLogo,2.3.4.DifferentABSsystems-BoschABS2-Function,Phase3,Pressurereduce:Ifisolationofthewheelcircuitdoesnotreducethelockingtendency,theEBCMcommandsthevalveforthatcircuitreducethehydraulicpressure.Todoso,theEBCMsends100persecondcurrentapproximate5Athroughthesolenoid,whichmovethevalvefarenoughtoopenthecircuitbetweenthewheelandaccumulator.,Theexcesspressurewillbedumptotheaccumulator.Atthesametime,theEBCMenergizethereturnpumpwhichsendsfluidfromthewheelcircuitbacktothemastercylinderagainstbrakepedalpressure.ThereturnpumpcontinuestorunduringtherestoftheABScycle.,accumulator/E5kju:mjuleitE/蓄能器,dump/dQmp/倾泻returnpump回油泵,CompanyLogo,3.Adjacentsystems,Criticaldrivenconditionsarenotonlyrevealedwhenbraking.,Alsoapparentwhenthevehiclestartsoff,duringaccelerationandduringcornering.,Suchconditionsoftenputgreatstrainonthedriverwhomayreactincorrectly.,revealed=apparentstrain/strein/压力,CompanyLogo,3.1.1.Principle-Tractioncontrol,TractioncontrolispartoftheABSsystem.Itusesthesamecomponentsbutaffectthedrivingwheelonly.Components：WheelsensorsToothringHydrauliccontrolunitHydraulicactuatorsoneachDrivingwheelElectroniccontrolunit,Whenoneofthedrivingwheelstartstoslip,theelectroniccontrolunitdetectsthedifferenceinwheelspeedrotationviathewheelspeedsensors,thetractioncontrolappliesthebrakingtotheslippingwheel,thatinturntransfersmoreenginetorqueorpowertotheotherwheel.,toothring齿圈via/5vaiE/通过slippingwheel打滑的车轮inturn反过来（依次）,CompanyLogo,3.1.2.Principle-ElectronicBrakeDistribution(EBD),OnmoreandmorecarstheABSandpowercontrolsareequippedwiththefollowingadditionalfunctions.Thespeedofthecarmustbegreaterthan50km/h.Theretardationforcemustbegreaterthan0.25G.Therelativeslipbetweenthefrontandtherearwheelsmustbemorethan3km/h.TheECMwillswitchtonormalABSfunctionifanyofthewheelstendstolockup.ThebrakelightswitchmustsignalECMthatthebrakesareapplied.,ElectronicBrakeDistributionEBDkm/hkilometersperhourretardation/7ri:tB:5deiFEn/减速signalnv发信号/通知,CompanyLogo,3.1.3.Principle-BrakeAssist(BA),Thebrakeassistssystemisdesigntoreducethestoppingdistanceinapanicsituation.Brakeassistswitchonconditions:Brakelightswitch“on”,Releaseswitch“on”,Applicationspeed100mm/s,Carvelocity8km/h.Brakeassistswitchoffconditions:Pedalforcelessthan20N,Brakelightswitch“off”,Brakeassistactivation20s,Carvelocity3km/h.,BrakeAssistsBAstoppingdistance制动距离panic/5pAnik/恐慌lightswitchonswitchoffvelocity/vi5lCsiti/速度,mm/smillimeterspersecondgreaterthanlessthan,CompanyLogo,3.1.4.Principle-ElectroHydraulicBraking(EHB),Hasthefollowingbenefits:Improvedpedalfeelresponse;Reductionofstoppingdistances;Improvednoisereduction;Improvedbrakeforceapportioning;Adjustablepedalfeelbysoftwareselection;Andhigherbrakeperformanceefficiency.,Electronicbrakemanagementsystemforactuationandbrakemodulation.EHBintegratesthefollowingfeatures:ABSandtractioncontrol(ABS/TC);Vehiclestabilitycontrol(VSC);Panicbrakefunction(BA);Brakepressureboost;Compatibilitywithsystemsuchasadaptivecruisecontrol.,stability/stE5biliti/稳定性compatibility/kEm7pAti5biliti/兼容性adaptive/E5dAptiv/适应性的cruise/kru:z/巡航noisereduction噪声降低,CompanyLogo,3.1.5.Principle-EngineDrag-TorqueControl(MSR),Asystemthatpreventsthedrivingwheelsfromdraggingduringdecelerationonslipperyroadsurfaces,thuspreventingapotentialskid.WhentheECUdetectsthatthedrivingwheelsareabouttodrag,forinstanceasaresultofsuddenreleaseofacceleratorpedalontheslipperyroad,itcanincreaseenginetorquebyadjustingtheelectronicthrottle.,slipperyroad湿滑路面acceleratorpedal油门踏板releasepresselectronicthrottle电子节气门,CompanyLogo,3.1.6.Principle-ElectronicParkingBrake(EPB),Besidethedevelopmentslikepowerwindows,electricseatormirroradjustment,thereisarisingdemandforcomfortinaccordancewithincreasingsafetyrequirements,thisisleadtothedevelopmentoftheelectricallypoweredparkingbrake.,Benefits:Lowoperatingforcesduetotheusesofaswitchinsteadofalever;Parkingbrakecablesarereplacebywiring,nofreezingortearingofcables;HighsafetylevelduetotheuseofasoftwaresimilartoABSwhichavoidsblockingwiththeparkingbrakewhenbeenoperatedwhiledriving;Maximumbrakepowerinallconditions;,ElectronicParkingBrakeEPBpowerwindow电动车窗electricseat电调座椅safetyrequirements安全要求,brakecable制动拉索Brakepower制动功率,CompanyLogo,3.2.Adjacentsystems-ASR-tractioncontrol,AccelerationSlipRegulationASRAcarisaccelerating,buttherighthandfrontwheelisstartingtoslip,causingitswheelspeedtoincrease.Theanimationshowsatractioncontrolsystemusingthebrakestodecreasethespeedofthespinningwheel.Threedifferentwaystodecreasethespeedofthewheel:Brakeonly;Engineonly;Bothbrakeandengine.,AccelerationSlipRegulationASRanimation/7Ani5meiFEn/动画,therighthandfrontwheelleftrear,CompanyLogo,3.2.1.ASR-tractioncontrolbrakeonly,Example:StartsituationThrottleisappliedthelowwheelslipincreases.Detectsthewheelslipandappliesthebrakeonthelowwheel.Thebraketorqueisshiftedtothehighsideviaadifferential.startstomovewithanaccelerationlinkedtotheusedTCbraketorque.,differential/7difE5renFEl/差速器,CompanyLogo,3.2.2ASR-tractioncontrolengineonly,Themaximumstabilizationofadrivingsituationisthemaintargetofanengineonlysystem.Example:anotherstartsituationBothwheelsareonlowsurfaces.Throttleisappliedwheelslipincreasesonbothwheels.Detectsthiswheelslipandenginetorqueisreduced.Moveswiththemaximumsteerabilityandsufficientacceleration.,stabilization/7steibilai5zeiFEn/surface/5sE:fis/地面（表面）steerability转向能力sufficient/sE5fiFEnt/足够的,CompanyLogo,3.2.3.ASR-tractioncontrolbothbrakeandengine,Achievesamaximumofuseradvantages.SplitsurfaceswithoutTC;Throttleisappliedenginetorqueisshiftedtothelowside.SplitsurfaceswithTC;TCappliesbrakepressureonthelowwheel.Torqueisthenshiftedtothehighwheelandthevehiclestartstomove.,HomogenoussurfacewithoutTC;thefactoristoolowfortheappliedenginetorque,Thevehicledoesnotmove.,HomogenoussurfacewithTC;TCreducestheenginetorque,Thevehiclestartstomove.,homogenous/hE5mCdVinEs/同质的torquereduceincrease,CompanyLogo,3.3.Adjacentsystems-Vehiclestabilitycontrol(VSC),VSCalsoknownasvehicledynamiccontrolsystem.Designedtohelpextendthedriversrangeofvehiclecontrol.Usesinformationfrom:Ayaw-ratesensor;Alateralaccelerationsensor;Sensorsforsteeringangle,anti-lockbrakingandtraction.,VehicleStabilityControlVSCyaw-ratesensor横摆角速度传感器lateralaccelerationsensor侧向加速度传感器,CompanyLogo,3.3.1.VehiclestabilitycontrolPrincipalfunction,Determineswherethedriverwantstogoby:Measuringthesteeringwheelangle,theyawrate,howmuchthecaristurning,thelateralacceleration,andtheindividualwheelspeeds.Thencomparingthisinformationwiththepreprogramdata.Oversteerappliestheoutsidefrontand/orrearbrakes.Understeerappliestheinnerfrontand/orrearbrakes.,steeringwheel方向盘preprogram=prescribedoversteerundersteeroutsideinner,CompanyLogo,3.3.2.VehiclestabilitycontrolComponents,ElectroniccontrolunitECU;Dynamicstabilitycontrolswitch;Brakeforcebooster;Brakepressuresensor,Yawrateandlateralaccelerationsensor;Steeringwheelanglesensor;Wheelspeedssensors;Hydraulicunit;Brakeswitch;Warninglamps;Diagnosticconnector.,anglesensor角度传感器Diagnostic/7daiE5nCstik/DiagnoseDiagnosisconnector/kE5nEktE(r)/接线器,CompanyLogo,3.3.3.VehiclestabilitycontrolAcriticalunstablesituation,AcriticallyunstablesituationTohelpsteerthecarinthedesireddirection,Thesystemappliedthebrakeontheleftrearwheel.Brakesappliedtherightfrontbrake,therearwheelsareturningfreely.Tostoptherearendofthecarswingout,Brakesappliesonfrontleftwheel.TheDSCsystemstopsworkingwheninstabilityiscorrected.,DynamicStabilityControl-DSCrearendfrontendswingout外摆,CompanyLogo,3.3.4.VehiclestabilitycontrolHillassistant,Supportanydriverslaunchingavehicleuphill.Activationcriteria:Theignitionmustbeon;Minimuminclinationis+/-3%;Sensorandgeardirectionsmatch;Zerowheelspeed;Brakesactivatedbythedriver;Clutchactivated.,Thesystemwillautomaticallyswitchoffifthefrictionlevelistoolowandthevehiclecannotbehilledsafelywiththeriskofmovingdownhill.,launch=startvehicleuphilldownhilladj.n.advcriteriacriterion/krai5tiEriEn/条件,gear/iE/齿轮，传动装置inclination/7inkli5neiFEn/倾角incline/in5klain/n.vi,vt,“TopGear”BBC,CompanyLogo,4.1.Translation-1.1.6Dualcircuittypebrakes,Frontrearsplit:Inthefrontrearsplitoneofthetwocircuitssuppliedbyatandemmastercylinderisconnectedtothefrontbrakes,andtheothercircuittotherearbrakes.Thisisthesimplestsystem,andiscommonlyfittedtocarswithrearwheeldrive.Withthislayout,itisparticularlyimportantthatrearwheellockingispreventedinthecaseoffrontcircuitfailure.,Frontaxleandonerearsplit:FrontaxleandonerearsplitknowsastheLsplit,requiresfourpistonstencircuitcaliperstobefittedtothefront,oneofthetwofrontbrakecircuitsitthenconnectedtooneoftherealbrakes.Andthesecondcircuittotheotherrealbrake.Intheeventofacircuitfailurethefrontaxleisalwaysinvolvedinthebrakingwithhalfoftheoriginalbrakingforce,thusincreasethestability.ThesystemlikethatwhichfollowsisnotascommonasthefrontrearandXsplits.,tandem/5tAndEm/串联rearwheeldrive后轮驱动,CompanyLogo,Whentheignitionisturnedon,theelectroniccontrolunitwillrunitselfcheck,whereallcircuitsarecheckedonthevalveandexerciseforamoment,thisinternalself-checkontheABSsystemisthenperformedmanytimespersecondduringnormalvehicleoperation.Ifafaultisdetected,theABSwarninglamplitupandtheABSfunctionwillbedisenabled.Thesensorisnormallyoneoftwotypes,passivewherenocurrentisnormallypresentbutthemagneticfieldisgeneratedattheexposedpoleoftheunitastheexciterringpasses,andactiveinwhichthecurrentispassedthroughthesensorandtheexciterringinpassingcreatesasignal.,4.2.Translation-1.2.1ABSControlunit,magnetic/mA5netik/field磁场exciter/ik5saitE/励磁机,CompanyLogo,TheEHBsystemcombinestheabilitytoprovideoptimumpressureatorforbrakecorners,withthecapabilitytosupplybrakepressurefasterthantheconventionalbrakesystem,thismeansreducestoppingdistances.BecausedriverpedaleffectsnolongeraffectsbrakeperformanceintheEHBsystem,pedalfeelcanbeeasilytailoredtovehiclemanufacturerrequirements.Alsothereisnopedalpositionduringdynamicfunction,suchasantilockbrakingsystemevents.Studieshaveshownthattheabsenceofpedalvibrationcanhaveapositiveeffectonthedriversbehavior.,4.3.Translation-.EHB-electrohydraulicbraking,tailored/5teilEd/定制的,CompanyLogo,ViaamodifiedABShydraulic,itspossibleforthebrakeonlysystemtoincreasebrakepressureindividuallyforeachdrivenwheel.Becauseoffailsafereasons,pressureriseperformedthatalldrivenwheelsatthesametimecouldbecritical.Withthepressureincreaseononewheel,atypeoflockabledifferentialeffectcanbeachieved.Thishasonedisadvantage:enginetorqueiswastedinonebrake.,4.4.Translation-3.2.1.Brakeonly,failsafe失效安全drivenwheeldrivingwheel,CompanyLogo,Viaamodifiedenginecontroller,itspossibletodecouplethedriverfromthethrottleinput.Thereforeanenginetorquereductioncanberealized.Theresultofsuchcontrolisinoppositiontothebrakeintervention.Withanengineintervention,itsonlypossibletoovercomesymmetricalproblemsonhomogenysurfaces.Themaximumstabilizationofadrivingsituationisthemaintargetofanengineonlysystem.,4.5.Translation-3.2.2Engineonly,decouplecouplesymmetrical/si5metrikEl