2006考研英语阅读真题及详细解析.doc

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2006 text 1in spite of “endless talk of difference”，american society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. there is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse，and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. people are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19thcentury department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. this turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” the mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization. immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. writing for the national immigration forum, gregory rodriguez reports that todays immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. in 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent .in the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1，000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1, 000. now, consider three indices of assimilationlanguage, home ownership and intermarriage.the 1990 census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke english “well” or “very well” after ten years of residence.” the children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in english. “by the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” hence the description of america as a “graveyard” for languages. by 1996 foreignborn immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a homeownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born americans.foreign-born asians and hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do u.sborn whites and blacks.” by the third generation, one third of hispanic women are married to non-hispanics, and 41 percent of asianamerican women are married to non-asians.rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like arnold schwarzenegger and garth brooks, yet “some americans fear that immigrant living within the united states remain somehow immune to the nations assimilative power.” are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in america? indeed. it is big enough to have a bit of everything. but particularly when viewed against americas turbulent past, todays social induces hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21.the word “homogenizing”（line 1, paragraph 1） most probably meansa identifying b associatingc assimilating d monopolizing22. according to the author, the department stores of the 19th centurya played a role in the spread of popular culture. b became intimate shops for common consumers. c satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite. d owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23.the text suggests that immigrants now in the u.s.a are resistant to homogenization. b exert a great influence on american culture. c are hardly a threat to the common culture. d constitute the majority of the population.24. why are arnold schwarzenegger and garth brooks mentioned in paragraph 5？a to prove their popularity around the world. b to reveal the publics fear of immigrants. c to give examples of successful immigrants. d to show the powerful influence of american culture.25.in the authors opinion， the absorption of immigrants into american society isa rewarding. b successful. c fruitless. d harmful. 22重点词汇：homogenize / hmdnaiz/ vt. cause to become equal or homogeneous as by mixing；均质化，使（某物）成分均匀 例homogenized milk 均质牛奶形 homogeneous a. 由同类部分组成的 名 homogeneity n. 同种，同质 巧记词头：homo- 同、相同 如 homophone n. 同音异形词； homosexual a. 同性恋的assimilation n. 同化, 同化作用, 消化 巧记 as+simil(er)+ationdemocratize / dimkrtaiz/ vt. become (more) democratic; of nations 使民主化例democratize the administration of an organization 使一组织的管理民主化名 democracy n. 民主、民主政治，民主制度； democrat n. 民主主义者；（democrat指美国民主党党员或其拥护者） democratization n. 民主化形democratic a. 民主的，民主政治的；民主作风的，平等的discourse disk s, disk s n. lengthy or serious treatment of a subject in speech or writing 论文、演讲 vi. talk、preach or lecture about sth（usu at length）（通常长篇大论的）论说、宣扬或讲授某事物例the speaker discoursed knowledgeably on a variety of subjects 演讲者头头是道的论述了一系列问题。casual /5kavjuel/ （偶然的；漫不经心的） (详见02 text1)launch n.开始从事,发起,发动(活动) 例 launch an appeal/inquiry/investigation/campaign 开始进行上诉/质询/调查/一场运动intimate intimit a. having or being a very closely or friendly relationship 亲密的,私人的,秘密的； private and personal 私人的，个人的；vt make sth known to sb exp discreetly or indirectly 将某事透露给某人，（尤其指谨慎的或间接的）暗示、示意例 intimate friends 知心朋友 an intimate diary私人日记 she has intimated to us that she no longer wishes to be considered for the post 她已向我们透露希望不再考虑让她担任该职。习be/get on intimate terms with sb （渐渐）熟悉某人并关系密切名intimation n. 示意、暗示cater keit v. provide food or services，esp. at social functions 备办食物或服务（尤其指社交方面）；投合,迎合 用法 for sb/sth 由某人/某事物提供、迎合 （即主语必须是被用来迎合sb/sth的那个东西） to sth 满足某种需要或要求（即主语必须是发起迎合动作的主体）例tv must cater for many different tastes 电视节目必须迎合各种人的爱好。newspapers catering to peoples love of scandal 迎合人们爱看丑闻消息的报纸名catering n. 承办酒席（的行为或行业） caterer n. 承办酒席的人elevate eliveit v. lift up，raise to a higher place or rank 举起,提拔 ； make the mind or morals better or more educated 使思想或道德更好，更有修养例 he has been elevated to the peerage 他已升为贵族 the teacher hoped to elevate the minds of her young pupils by reading them religious stories. 教师希望给小学生读宗教故事来提高他们的修养.形elevated a. 好的，高尚的 elevating a. 提高思想道德的，引人向上的名elevation n. 提高、被提高，高度（尤指海拔），建筑物正视图unprecedented anpresidntid a. 空前的例science and technology have come to pervade every aspect of our lives and, as a result, society is changing at a speed which is quite unprecedented. 科学和技术已经开始渗透了我们生活的各个领域；结果，社会正以空前的速度改变着resistant rizistnt a. relating to or conferring immunity (to disease or infection)抵抗的,反抗的例this new type of infection is resistant to antibiotics. 这种新的传染病对抗菌素有抗药性。名resistance n. 抵抗，对抗indices n. index的复数形式,标志,指标,表征例 a price index物价指数 cost of living index物价消费指数 the number of new houses being built is a good index of a countrys prosperity.新建房屋的数目是国家繁荣的一个有用指标.census n. 人口(户口)调(普)查,(调查)统计的数字; v. 调查人口数字,例 the census enumerated eighty-six persons over one hundred years old in this mountain area.根据人口调查这一带山区共有八十六位百岁老人。bilingual adj.(能说)两种语言的 巧记 bi(双)+lingu(语言)+al双语者(参考05 text4 linguist)例a bilingual english - chinese dictionary英汉双语词典graveyard n. 墓地,坟场 巧记 grave(坟墓)+yard(院子) (参考05 text2 grave)divisive adj. 区分的, 不和的, 分裂的例 that politician is a divisive influence at meetings.那位政客在会议上总是起着分裂的作用。pocket n. (与周围不同的)小组织,小区域例there are still a few isolated pockets of resistance to the new regine.现在仍有零星孤立的势利反对新政权.remote adj. 遥远的, 偏僻的, 细微的 例 the remote future 遥远的未来 a remote village 偏僻的村落 your chances are remote. 你的机会极少。巧记re(词根back)+mot(词根move)+e向后移动遥远的.immune adj. 免疫的 (参考03 text2 immunization)例the criminal was told he would be immune from punishment if he helped the police.罪犯被告知说,如果他协助警方,就可以免受惩罚。deteriorate v.(使)恶化例his work has deteriorated in the last month.他的工作在最后一个月变糟了。难句分析：immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous.分析：该句话是由一个主句加一个非限定性定语从句组成，immigrants做主语，fit做谓语，culture做宾语，which引导非限定性从句。翻译：移民们很快适应了这个主流文化，他们也许总共也不能为这个文化增色多少，但也不会有害于它的。rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like amold schwarzenegger and garth brooks, yet “some americans fear that immigrant living within the united states remain somehow immune to the nations assimilative power.”分析：这是个复杂句，yet把它分成两部分，前后是转折关系。前半部分是个简单句；后半部分由that引导了一个宾语从句。翻译：罗得里格斯写道，即使那些住在世界各地偏僻村庄的的孩子们都是诸如阿诺.施瓦辛格和加思.布鲁克斯等明星的星迷，然而“一些美国人却害怕住在美国的移民不知为何能不受这个国家的同化力量的影响” 。答案分析：21. 本题的难度值为0.713,属于较容易的题目，区分度为0.385。标准答案：c。homogenizing是homogenize的动名词形式，本意是：vi.均质化vt.使均匀。即同一化。在第一段可以看出，文章是说明美国社会的民主化和其巨大的亲和力，因此在american society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people这句话中，将homogenizing翻译成吸引，吸收最贴切。然后观察四个选项，a选项是identifying，意思是：识别, 鉴别, 把.和.看成一样。与文章没有联系，排除。b选项associating是比较强的干扰项，其意思是：vt.使发生联系, 使联合vi.交往, 结交。如果能引申为团结的意思的话，与文章倒是有点关系，但是根据最优选项的原则，此选项也不能入选。c选项assimilateing是吸收的意思，最符合原文的观点，即吸收以融为一体的意思。因此c选项入选。d选项monopolizing的意思是独占，垄断的意思，与原文没有联系，排除。22. 本题的难度值为0.436,属于中等难度的题目。标准答案：a。该题目定位到第一段的这几句话：launched by the 19th century department stores that offered vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite.” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. this turned shopping into a public and democratic act.”大体意思是说，商店不再只是属于那些有见识的精英们了，而成为一种任何人都可以进入，不管你的社会地位或背景的地方。最重要的是最后一句，说商店使购物成为一种公众的，民主的活动。因此，商店在普及文化中扮演着重要的角色。此中的文化也可以具体到消费文化。联系a选项：商店在普及通俗文化中发挥着作用。因此a入选。b选项属于比较强的干扰项，主要是intimate这个词的用法不够理解。intimate的意思是adj.亲密的, 隐私的vt.宣布, 明白表示。在文章的意思应该是私人的意思。由原句instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite可以得出，intimate是为.所私有的意思。因此b选项应该翻译为：变成了普通消费者的私有商店。因此排除该选项。c选项意思是：满足了知识渊博的社会精英们的需要。这与原文正好相反，注意instead这个词。因此c选项排除。d选项意思是：其出现归功于消费文化。恰恰相反，应该是普及的消费文化归功于这种商店的出现。因此d选项排除。23. 本题的难度值为0.48,属于中等难度的题目，区分度为0.384。标准答案：c。该题目首先能定位到第二段的首句：immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous.意思是说移民迅速融入了这种通俗文化，虽然不至于能够促进这种文化，但是决不至于有害。因此联系c选项：对通俗文化基本构不成威胁，入选。再看a选项，意思是移民对同一化的抗拒。由上面这句原文可以轻松排除这个选项。b选项的意思是移民对美国文化产生了巨大影响。同样还是那句原文，可看出移民不至于能够促进这种文化，也不至于毒害这种文化，因此可以得出结论，即移民对文化的影响不大。因此排除b选项。最后看d选项，意思是组成了人口的大多数。即使从常识角度来看，这也肯定不对。哪怕像新西兰之类的高移民率国家，也不至于让移民们反客为主了。而且原文也可看出，只是不到五分之一而已。因此d选项排除。24. 本题的难度值为0.522,属于中等难度的题目。标准答案：d。定位到题目所说的第五段：rodriguez not that children in remot