必修一 unit 4 单词语法.doc

Unit4 重点单词1. burst(1)vi 爆裂，爆发 The balloon burst,and it surprised all the children. 用法：burst out crying/laughing=burst into tears/laughter 突然哭/笑起来 The sad mother burst (out crying)into tears,when the reporter asked about her sons death in the big fire. burst into/in 闯进，突然破门而入 Suddenly the children burst in/into the room. burst with anger/joy 勃然大怒/心花怒放(2)n. a burst of(爆发出)一阵.The burst of a balloon shocked all of us. There is a burst of applause from the crowd.2. at an end 介词短语，“终结结束”一般做表语。The war is at an end. at the end of “在.的尽头，末尾，在.结束时”，后接时间，地点 at the end of garden/this year by the end of “到.为止”，后接时间，句子用过去完成时或将来完成时 By the end of last month, we had finished half of it.in the end“最终，终于”，做状语 They give up the plan in the e to an end结束，完成 The journey was coming to an end.3. (1)n. lie/be in ruins 成为废墟 After the flood, the village is in ruins now. come/go/fall to ruin 毁灭，荒废，崩溃 The house was empty for several years and came/fell/went to ruin. bring sth/sb to ruin 使.毁灭/没落/破产 The earthquake brought the city to ruin. (2) vt. ruin oneself 自取灭亡 ruin ones health/fame 毁坏某人的健康，名誉Smoking ruined his health. His drunk driving not only ruined himself but also killed several passers-by.4. (1)injury n. 伤口，伤害 do an injury to sb=do sb an injury Be careful,or you will do an injury to yourself. (2）injured adj. 受伤的，受委屈的 the injured 伤员 The driver was slightly injured in the accident. (3)injure vt. 损害，伤害 Let him alone as long as he doesnt injure himself.5.(1) vivt.(使)震动，惊动 be shocked at sh 对.感到震惊 He was shocked at the news. be shocked to do sth 做某事很震惊 He was shocked to hear of the bad news. be shocked that.对.很震惊 (2)adj shocked 感到震惊的，常表示人的心理状态和感受； shocking 令人震惊的，说明事物的性质，特点 He was shocked at the shocking new. (3)n. be a shock to sb使某人很震惊，对某人来说是个打击 The bad news was a great shock to the whole family.6. come to ones rescue=rescue sb 援救某人 The rescue team came to his rescue. rescue .from. 把.从.营救出来 She was rescued from a burning building.7.(1 )vt. trap sb into sth/doing sth 诱骗，陷害某人做某事 He trapped me into admitting I have done it. be trapped in 困在.中，陷在.中 They are trapped in a difficult situation. (2)n. fall into the trap of 掉进.的圈套，陷阱 set traps to do sth 设置圈套，陷阱做某事 The owner of the house set traps to catch the mouse.8. bury.in.把.埋在.；使.沉浸于. The dog buried its bone in the garden. bury oneself in(doing)sth= be buried in(doing)sth 埋头于,专心于,沉浸于某事 He is burying himself/buried in studying. bury ones face/head in. 把脸/头伸到.里去 He sat down on the ground, and buried his face in his hands.9.不同点相同点a number of意为“若干；许多”，其后接可数名词复数。用作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式都可用 large ，small，great等修饰the number of意为“.的数量”，其后接复数名词或具有复数意义的词。用作主语时，谓语一般要用单数形式10.(1)frighten sb into sth/doing sth把某人吓的做某事 They frightened the boy into telling them the secret. be frightened at/by .因.害怕 He was frightened at/by the noise.他被这响声吓一跳。 be frightened of sth 害怕某物 The girl was frightened of mice. be frightened to do sth 害怕做某事 The man was too frightened to stand up. (2)frightening 令人恐惧的 The little girl was frightened by the frightening film.Unit4限定性定语从句一一 定语从句概念-在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰限制作用的从句。定语从句先行词 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词关系词位于先行词和从句之间，引导定语从句的词关系代词Who，whom，whose，which，that关系副词 When，where，why三重功能1、 连接功能：连接主、从句2、 指代功能：指代它前面的先行词3、 成分功能：在从句中充当句子成分分类限定性定语从句、 非限定性定语从句 限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句意显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密 相连，无逗号隔开。 非限定性定语从句: 对所修饰的成分(可以为整个主句)作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿 掉后其他部分仍可成立。 I bought a pen yesterday. I am looking for the pen. I am looking for the pen which/that I bought yesterday.二 限定性定语从句中关系代词的使用 当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中做主语、宾语或者定语时，应使用关系代词。在从句中作用指人指物指人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whom(口语中可用who，可省略） which（可省略）that（可省略）定语whose/of whomwhose/of which 1、who指人，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常省略。 I know the man who spoke to you just now。 2、whom指人，who的宾格，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，在口语中可用who代替。 The man (whom) you saw just now is our English teacher. 3、which指物，在从句中做主语、宾语，做宾语时可省略。 China is a country which has a long history. The car (which) my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.4、that既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中做主语、宾语或表语，做宾语时常省略。当先行词为anyone，those等时，多用who引导。 The girl (that) my English teacher is talking with is very hard-working. Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. 5、whose可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 Please pass me the book whose cover is blue.Please pass me the book the cover of which is blue. Please pass me the book of which the cover is blue. 三 关系代词只用that的情况 1、当先行词是anything, nothing, something, all, much, few, any, little等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时，一般用that，不用which。 He couldnt understand anything that they had told him.All the apples that we picked were sent to the factory. 2、先行词既有人，又有物时，关系代词一般用that。 We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited there. 3、先行词有the only, the very, the last, just the（恰恰正好）,all，any,few, little,no等词修饰时，用that。 This will be the last chance that he can get. You are the last person that I want to see. 4、先行词是序数词或序数词修饰；先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时，用that不用which。 This is the best book that I have ever read. I still remember the first lesson that was given by Miss Dora. 5、当先行词在句中做表语，而关系代词在句中也做表语，用that。 He is no longer the man that he was ten years ago. 6、主句已有疑问词who/which时，用that。 Who that break the window should be punished Which is the book that you like most? 四 关系代词指物时只用which不用that的情况1.引导非限定性定语从句时。 Jennifer is always late for school, which I suppose is why she is criticized now and then.2. 当关系代词前面有介词时，只能用which。 This is the house in which I was born.3. 当先行词本省就是that时。 That which you told him about is what we want to know.随堂练习1.Ive read all the books you gave me. 2. He keeps a record of everything he had seen there. 3.Tell us about the people and the places _are different from ours.4.The TV play I watched last night is the best one_ I have watched this year.5.Look out!Dont get too close to the house wall has big cracks.6. Is this the museum you visited the other day?7.He is one of the foreign experts know Chinese.8.The old temple roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. 9. The foreigner visited our school yesterday is from America10. The boy broke the window is Mike用定语从句合并下列句子。1、 Do you know the man? The man spoke to the headmaster just now.2、 The girl is from America. Her hair is brown.3、 She wants to visit the village . She grew up in it.4、 The little child is having a big apple. The apple is big and green.5、 The old man likes reading the newspaper every day. It contains important information. 6、 He is the gentleman. I borrowed the gentlemans umbrella yesterday. Unit 4 单元检测注意：所有不规则动词的过去式过去分词形式以及单元重点单词，会按课程节奏每堂课都进行相应听写，请同学们认真对待。再次强调：课后必须先认认真真复习今天所讲内容，包括单词、语法学案以及其他所讲知识点，然再做练习题，以达到巩固测评的目的，而不仅仅是被动的完成任务。一 单元重点单词、短语运用1. The black car hit a bike and the _（骑车人） fell down.2. If there were no (电)，the word would be completely dark.3. About twenty people were (困住)under the ruins after the big earthquake.4. J_ from his appearance, the manager must be over fifty.5. He can e himself in fluent English now after four years hard learning.6. The child is coloring an _（轮廓）of a house.7. You know what? Ive just beaten the school record in the high jump. -C_!8. He has been b_ in the novel for 3 hours.9. Females find it e_ difficult to get a job in such a field.10. We knew Bob had cancer, but the news of his death still came as a _(震惊的事).11. Hundreds of people are still in the water, waiting to be _（援救）.injure, disaster, burst into, damage, frighten，in ruins1.She tears when she heard that her son was seriously in the accident.2.The whole village was almost after the earthquake.3The flood a lot of houses and many of them needed to be repaired.4.We have been looking for some ways to fight against natural .5.The girl was speechless after she saw the terrible scene. dig out, rescue.from, a number of , ruin , at an end,1. The lifeboat was sent out to the sailors the sinking ship.2. The exhibition was so interesting that people came to visit it.3. The young man is eager to some treasures in the field.4. To our joy,the war which lasted for years was .5. The whole village was almost in after it was under attack for 900 days by the enemy.二 知识点巩固1. -A number of people learning English nowadays. -Yes. The number of people who are learning English increasing. A is,is B are,are C are,is D is,are2. -The problem is very difficult. I am afraid you can t work it out now. - I fail this time, I will try it again. A Even if B Since C As if D Though3. -Mr Green is angry with Mary. It seems he is going to call her mother.-Right. lets persuade Mary to give in now. A even if B since C as if D though4.Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it.A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom5. of the teachers agreed with what the headmaster said. Some of them were against him. A Not all B neither C All D None三 单元重要语法用适当的关系词填空1. The man _you saw yesterday was a doctor from Beijing. 2. This is a story about a communist fighter _ name或 the name of _ is Liu Hu-lan. 4. This is our classroom， _ windows或the windows of _ face the south. 5. Here is a book _ will give a lot of useful knowledge. 6. This is the song _we like best. 7. I will never forget the day on _ I first saw him. 8. This is the room _ Tom once lived in. 9. Do you still remember the day on _ he joined the army？10.Everything _ I told you just now is true. 把下面的句子转换成定语从句1. I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music.I have a friend listening to classical music.2. Yesterday Emily wore the new dress. I gave it to her. Yesterday Emily wore the new dress .3. The students article was published. I know the student. I know the student article was published.4. In the end, she decided to sell the house. Its windows were almost all broken. In the end, she decided to sell the house were almost all broken.四 能力提升(完形填空) In 1989 an 8.2 earthquake hit America, killing over 30,000 peopleA father left his wife1at home and rushed to the school where his son was2to be, only to discover that the building was as3as a pancakeSeeing this, he remembered the4he had made to his son; “No matter what happens, Ill always be there for you!” Tears began to5his eyesAs he looked at the pile of6that once was the school, it looked7, but he kept remembering his8to his sonHe began to9his attention towards where he10his son to class at school, remembering his sons classroom11be in the back right corner of the building, he rushed there and started digging12the ruins(废墟)Other13parents tried to pull him off14once was his sons school, saying,“Its too late!They are all dead!Go home!Theres nothing you can do!”To each parent he replied“Are you going to help me now?” And then hecontinued to dig for his son, stone by sto