如何正确使用被动语态.doc

考点一：被动语态的用法被动语态是由“助动词be + 过去分词”构成。被动语态常用于以下场合：(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。如：My bike was stolen yesterday. 我的自行车被偷了。(并不知道是谁偷了我的自行车) A knife is used for cutting things. 刀是用来切东西的。 (不必说明刀子被谁用)(2)强调动作的执行者时，使用“by+ 执行者”。如：The pen was used by my father.这支钢笔我父亲使用过的。The seat has been taken by Tom. 这座位被汤姆占了。注意：只有及物动词才有被动语态。不及物动词如rise, come, go , take place, happen等，没有被动语态。(3) 出于礼貌措词等原因不愿说出动作的执行者时。如：You are invited to a party at eight oclock tomorrow.巧学妙记被动语态的用法口诀谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。突出承受者或礼貌，用被动语态错不了。【考题再现】1. (2009山东淄博)-Hi, Jack. Did you go to Jims birthday party? -No, I felt so sad. I_ . A. didnt inviteB. wasnt invitedC. am not invitedD. hadnt invited2. (2009江苏) Dont discuss the problems with your partner unless you_ to do so. A. ask B. are asked C. will ask D. will be asked 3. (2009江苏)(用所给动词的适当形式填空)The boy (take) to hospital at once after he fell off the tree. 【解析】1. B。句子主语I为所填写的谓语动词的逻辑宾语，所以应用被动。又因为动作发生在过去，因此用一般过去时。故本题答案为B。2. B。unless引导条件状语从句，用一般现在时代替将来，排除C、D项。ask sb to do sth“请求某人做某事”，其被动结构为be asked to do sth。故本题答案为B。3. was taken。句子主语the boy为谓语动词take的逻辑宾语，用被动。由动词fell判断，用一般过去时的被动。一般过去时的被动结构为“was/were +谓语动词的过去分词”，take的过去分词为taken。考点二：主动语态变为被动语态的方法1. 主动语态变为被动语态的步骤主动语态变为被动语态时，通常遵循以下三个步骤：1. 首先把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2. 再把主动语态的谓语动词改为与其时态相对应的被动形式，且与被动语态的主语保持人称和数的一致。3. 最后将主动语态的主语改为介词by的宾语，置于句后。“by + 宾语”在句中常省略。请对比下面的主动句和被动句：主动语态：They(主语) grow (谓语) tea(宾语) in the southeast of China. 被动语态：Tea(主语) is grown (谓语) by them in the southeast of China.2. 常考的几种被动结构“主动语态变被动语态，时态不变动”，即助动词be 的时态要跟原主动语态中的时态一致。请看下表：被动结构一般现在时am / is / are+ 过去分词一般过去时was / were + 过去分词一般将来时will / shall be + 过去分词现在进行时am / is / are+ being + 过去分词现在完成时have /has been + 过去分词含情态动词的can / many / must be + 过去分词English isnt spoken by people here. 这儿的人不说英语。This book was written by Lu Xun. 这本书是鲁迅写的。Lei Feng will be remembered by us forever. 雷锋将永远记在我们心中。Many trees are being cut down now. 现在许多树正在被砍伐。Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 人造卫星已被许多国家发射到太空中去。All the exercises must be finished before school is over. 所有这些习题必须在放学前做完。【考题再现】1.（2009湖北襄樊）-Can sixteen-year-olds drive their cars to school? -No. They shouldnt _ to drive because they are not serious. A. allow B. allowed C. be allowed D. have allowed2.（2009四川成都）-Why did you leave your city last year? -Because I _ a new job in another city. A. offered B. am offered C. was offered3.（2009山西）A large number of engineers _ to Africa by our government to help the people there every year. A. have sent B. will send C. are sent4.（2009甘肃兰州）(按要求改写句子)Students cant take magazines out of the reading room without permission.(改为被动语态)Magazines cant _ _ out of the reading room without permission.【解析】1. C。16岁的学生不允许开车。allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”，被动结构为sb be allowed to do sth。本句为含情态动词的被动，故答案为C。2. C。由题意可知。主语I应是工作的被提供者，应用被动语态。3. C本句意为“很多工程师每年被政府派往非洲帮助那里的人。”应用被动语态填写。4. be taken。本句为含情态动词的被动语态。含情态动词的被动结构为“情态动词+be+谓语动词的过去分词”。take的过去分词为taken。考点三：带双宾语的主动语态变被动语态(1)含有双宾语的主动句变成被动句时，通常把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语，指“物”的直接宾语保留不变。如： He told us a story.We were told a story (by him).My father gave me a new pen.I was given a new pen by my father.(2)如果要把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语前有时要加介词to(在send, pass, write, give, show, bring等动词之后)或for (在buy, cook, make, order, choose等动词之后)。如：My teacher gave me some advice.Some advice was given to me by my teacher.My father bought me a new watch.A new watch was bought for me by my father.【考题再现】(2009山东临沂B卷) My father bought me a watch yesterday. (改为被动语态) A watch _ _ _ me yesterday. 【解析】was bought for。这是一个含双宾语的主动句变成被动句。要注意加介词for。考点四：含复合宾语的主动句变被动句含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句时，要将其中的宾语变成主语，宾语补足语不变。如：Jim asked Tom to go for a walk. Tom was asked by Jim to go for a walk. 但是，如果宾语补足语是不带to 的动词不定式，主动语态变成被动语态时要加上不定式符号to。如：We often hear her sing in the room.She is often heard to sing in the room (by us). The boss made them work for 16 hours a day. They were made to work for 16 hours a day (by the boss). 注意：一些表示感官动词和使役动词，如hear, watch, see, feel, notice, listen to, look at, let, make, have和help等后面的宾语补足语是动词不定式时，主动语态中要省去to，但在变为被动语态时，不定式符号to要补出。这正是：“感使动词好奇怪，to来to去费神猜。主动句里to拿走，被动句中to回来”。【考题再现】1.（2009江西）I _ to get there before seven tomorrow, so Ill have to get up early. A. told B. have told C. will tell D. was told2.（2009山东泰安）The girl was often heard_happily in her room.A. singB. to singC. singingD. sings【解析】1. D。本句意为“我被告知明天七点之前到达那里，所以，我必须早早起床。”I和told 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以要用被动语态。2. B。hear sb do sth“听见某人做了某事”，它的被动结构为be hear to do sth。故本题答案为B。考点五：短语动词的被动形式许多不及物动词加介词或副词后构成的动词短语，相当于及物动词。在变为被动语态的时候，不能把动词短语分开，也不能漏掉短语动词中的介词或副词。如：He always takes care of his sister. His sister is always taken care of (by him).She turned off the radio. The radio was turned off （by her）. 【考题再现】（2009广州） Dont worry. All the children by the nurses. A. are well taken care of B. take good care ofC. are taken good care of D. take good care【解析】C。take good care of“照顾好”，为固定词组，它的被动结构为be taken good care of。故本题答案为C。 考点六：主动形式表被动意义在有些情况下，我们要用动词的主动形式来表达被动意义。这些情况主要有以下几种：(1)动词need, want以及短语be(well) worth 等后常接动名词的主动形式，表示被动含义。如：The room need cleaning. 这屋子需要扫。My coat wants washing. 我的外衣需要洗。The piece of music is worth listening to. 这首曲子值得听。注意：动词need, want后接动名词表被动时，句子的主语为物时，后面的动名词相当于动词不定式的被动结构。如：My coat wants washing = My coat wants to be washed.(2) 一些表示感知的系动词，如look, feel, sound, taste, smell, get, turn, become, grow等，常用主动形式表被动意义。如：The food looks nice and tastes bad. 这种食物看起来好看，但吃起来糟糕。Your plan sounds good. 你的计划听起来不错。(3)某些表示主语质地、自身特征的动词，如write, wash, sell, read, clean, cook等，常和副词well或easil