名词的用法(精心整理).doc

深圳首家“上进型学习圈”、“随时退费”中小学课外辅导机构语法：名词的用法一、 名词的分类名词可分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。名词的种类America 美国，Shanghai 上海，the Great Wall 长城，Jenney (珍妮) the United Nations 联合国，the Communist Party of China 中国共产党 doctor 医生，teacher 老师，orange 桔子，desk 课桌 Police 警察，people 人民，family 家庭，army 军队 class 同学Time 时间fun 玩笑，kindness 善意，idea 主意，youth 青春 ， love 爱 ， knowledge 知识studying doing swimmingrice 大米，water 水，fire 火，air 空气 1. 普通名词：某类人或事物的名称或者指某种抽象概念。在所有名词中占大多数。如：a book a driver a house1）个体名词 个体名词有复数形式，如：weeks, problems;单数形式可以和a/an连用，如：a week, a problem, an old man. 2）集体名词 集体名词表示由个体组成的集体，下面是一些常见的集体名词： family（家，家庭） army（军队） company（公司；全体船员） enemy（敌人） government（政府） group（小组，团体） public（公众） team（队；组） police（警方） 集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看待。His family large.His family all music lovers.Our company sending him to work in Berlin. 我们公司将派他去柏林工作。 The police looking for him. 警察正在找他。 Almost every family in the village a television. a. have b. having c. has d . have to All my family swimming 我全家都喜欢游泳 a. like b,likes c. likeing d. like to3）物质名词 物质名词指无法分为个体的东西，我们学过的常见的物质名词有： beer, cloth, coal, coffee, coke, cotton, ice, ink, jam, juice, meat, medicine, metal, milk, oil paper, rain, salad, salt, sand, snow, soup, steel, sugar, tea, water, wine, wood, wool等。 4）抽象名词 抽象名词主要表示一些抽象概念，一般不可数，因此没有复形，前面也一般不加不定冠词a/an。age, anger, beauty, childhood, death, duty, fear, fun, happiness, health, help, history, industry, joy, labour, love, luck, music, nature, peace, pleasu 1. They dont have to do _ today. A. much homework B. many homeworks C. many homework D. much homeworks 2. The blouse is made of _. A. a wool B. these wood C. wools D. wool3. _ comes from sheep and some people like eating it. A. Wool B. Pork C. Mutton D. Milk 2.专有名词：指一个人或事物所特有的名称，具体的地点、人物、机构、国家和地区等。如：China Newton London等二、名词的数名词单数变复数具体规则如下：1. 规则变化一般名词后加s； 如：boyboys, penpens等；举例：A school (一个学校)- (多个学校） brother (一个兄弟)- (多个兄弟）book (一本书)- (多本书) flower (一支花)- (多支花）map(一张地图)- (多张地图) bag (一个书包)- (多个书包)desk (一个书桌)- (多个书桌)hour (一小时)- (多个小时）girl (一个女孩)- (多个女孩) teacher (一个老师)- (多个老师)doctor (一个医生)- (多个医生) student (一个学生)- (多个学生) 以s,x,sh,ch结尾的，在词尾加es. 如：classclasses, 但stomach的复数为stomaches.class (一个班级)- (多个班级) dish (一个盘子)- (多个盘子) church (一个教堂)- (多个教堂) box (一个盒子)- (多个盒子）bus (一辆公共汽车)- (多辆公共汽车) watch (一个表)- (多个表)brush (一个刷子)- (多个刷子) match (一根火柴)- (多根火柴) 以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y变为i，再加es. 如：babybabies.party (一个聚会)- (多个聚会) factory (一个工厂)- (多个工厂)family (一个家庭)- (多个家庭) country (一个国家)- (多个国家)baby (一个小孩)- (多个小孩) city (一个城市)- (多个城市）university (一个大学)- (多个大学)以f或fe结尾的名词把f或fe改为v，再加es. 如：knifeknives, halfhalves, leafleaves, wolfwolves.以o结尾的名词，有生命的加es，如：tomatotomatoes; 无生命的加s，如：photophotos 1. turn green in spring a.leaf b. leave c, leaves d, leafs2 are very useful to pupils a. radio b. radios c. radioes d. a radio 一般名词复数复习一般名词复数构成法构成法例词Book-books, day-days, desk-desksclass-classes, box-boxes, match-matches, wish- wishescity-cities, country-countries, factory-factories leaf-leaves, wife-wives, life- lives, thief-thieves, knife-knivies, half-halves, shelf-shelveshero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoesbrother - _book - _flower - _class-_ dish -_church-_box-_bus-_ watch -_party - _ factory - _knife_, half_, family-_country- _baby -_ leaf_, wolf_.city - _university - _ match -_map-_ hour -_doctor -_ brush - _ 2. 不规则变化man-men (男人) woman-women (女人) foot-feet (脚) child-children (儿童) tooth-teeth (牙) mouse-mice (老鼠)ox-oxen(牛)goose-geese (鹅) basis-bases (基础)policeman-policemen(警察)某些名词的不规则复数形式构成法构成法例词变内部元音词尾加(r)en单复数同形有些名词用于某一些含义时通常只有复数形式有些名词是单数形式，但一般作复数对待1.变内部元音的单词：常见的主要有manmen womanwomen footfeet mousemice toothteeth注意：与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women.The are operating him on his leg A. woman doctor b. women doctor c. woman doctors d.women doctors2.词尾加ren 的复数形式childchildren 3.单复数同形的名词，deer，sheep，fish， work, Chinese，JapaneseThe farmer has ten a. sheeps b. deers c. cows d. chicken集合名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数，如：people、police、cattle 等本身就是复数，想说一个人，一个警察，一头牛，不能说a people a police a cattle但可以说：a person，a policeman，a head of cattle，Almost every family in the village a television.a. have b. having c. has d . have to All my family swimming 我全家都喜欢游泳a. like b,likes c. likeing d. like to4.复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goodgoods货物，waterwaters水域，sweetsweets(糖果)等，比如electrical goods 电器商品. a goods train铁路货车等等。The English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。如：The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans. li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：a dollar，two dollars；a meter，two meters4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。b. news是不可数名词。c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。“The Arabian Nights” is a very interesting story-book.是一本非常有趣的故事书。5） 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses（眼镜）、trousers若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair（对，双）；suit（套）；a pair of glasses；two pairs of trousers名称 总称(谓语用复数）一个人 两个人中国人the Chinesea Chinese two Chinese瑞士人the Swissa Swiss two Swiss澳大利亚人the Australiansa Australian two Australians 俄国人the Russiansa Russiantwo Russians意大利人the Italians an Italian two Italians希腊人the Greek a Greektwo Greeks法国人the Frencha Frenchmantwo Frenchmen日本人the Japanesea Japanese two Japanese美国人the Americansan Americantwo Americans印度人the Indiansan Indian two Indians加拿大人the Canadiansa Canadian two Canadians德国人the Germansa Germanstwo Germans英国人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes( )1. I met two in the street yesterday morning. A. German B. Australian C. American D. Japanese( )2. There are four_and two_in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans选择填空： 1. There are three _ and seven _ in the picture. A. cows, sheeps B. cows, sheep C. cow, sheep D. cow, sheeps 2. Sheep _ white and milk _ also white. A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are 3. Id like to have a glass of milk and _. A. two breads B. two pieces of breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread 4. Many _ are singing over there. A. woman B. women C. girl D. child 5. He bought _. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoes C. two pairs of shoe D. two pair of shoe 6. Mr. White has three _. A. child B. children C. childs D. childrens 7. Beijing is one of the biggest _ in the world. A. citys B. city C. cityes D. cities 8. -Are these _? - No, they arent. Theyre _. A. sheep, cows B. sheep, cow C. sheeps, cow D. sheeps, cows 9. There are many _ in the fridge. A. fish B. fruit C. eggs D. bread 10. Here are _ for you, Sue. A. potatos B. some C. three tomatos D. some tomato 11. I met some _ in the park and talked with them the other day. A. Janpaneses B. American C. Chineses D. English 12. There are two _ in the room. A. shelf B. shelfs C. shelfes D. shelves13. There are seven _ in a week. A. years B. months C. days D. minutes 14. My father is a _. He works in a hospital. A. teacher B. doctor C. farmer D. writer 15. Its very cold today. Why dont you put on your _? A. watch B. shirt C. sweater D. glasses 16. - Excuse me, are you _? - Yes, Im from _. A. Japan, Japanese B. China, Chinese C. England, English D. American, America 数词加名词作定语时，常采用数词+单数名词形式，如：a two-week holiday, an 8-year old girl, 另一种常见的形式有：five minutes walk, two days leave等。1. Every morning Mr. Smith takes a _ to his office. A. 20 minutes walks B. 20 minutes walk C. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk2. Mr. Green has lived in the _ hotel since he came to China.A. five-star B. five-stars C. five stars D. five stars 另外被man或woman修饰的名词变复数时，man和woman放在另一个名词前面，则两个 名词都要变复数。如：a man doctortwo men doctors, a woman teachertwo women teachers 由-man和-woman构成的合成词，即man和woman放在另一名词后，则只把man和woman变为复数即可。如： EnglishwomanEnglishwomen, policemanpolicemen，注意：German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans.woman _ man _ German _ policeman _ kilo _ potato _ Chinese _ shelf _ man doctor_ woman teacher_ Japanese _ leaf _ American _ tooth _ ox_goose_ foot _ sheep _ half _ child _ mouse_ deer _ boy student _ girl student_There are five in our factory. A. woman driver B. women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers 三、不可数名词的表达不可数名词没有复数形式，要表示不可数名词的数量，可以用以下两种方法：用much, a little, a lot of/ lots of, some, any 等修饰不可数名词；可用表示单位的词修饰不可数名词，如：a piece of paper, two pieces of paper, a bottle of orange, a glass of juice, three bags of rice.单项选择( )1. John bought for himself yesterday. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoe( )2. She needs . A. a glass water B. two glasses of water C. two glasses of waters D. two waters( )3. The boys have got_already. A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread( )4. The old man wants_. A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples四、名词所有格名词的格1. 表示有生命的东西（人或动物）的名词所有格一般在名词后加s, 如：my fathers study.2. 加s的规则：以s或es结尾的复数名词的所有格，只在名词后加. 如：the teachers reading room;不以s结尾的复数名词所有格要加s. 如：the womens shoes; 如果一样东西为两人所共有，则只在后一个名词的后面加s；如果不是共有的，则两个名词后面都要加s.1. _ room is next to their parents. A. Kates and Joans B. Kates and Joan C. Kate and Joans D. Kate and Joan3.表示无生命的东西，一般用of+名词的结构。如：a map of China.( )1. The post office is a bit far from here. It is about . A. thirty minutess walk B. thirty minutes walk C. thirty minutess walk D. thirty minutes walk( )2. Will you please show me the way to the shop? A. shoe B. shoes C. shoes D. shoes( )3. _ room is on the 5th floor. A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lilys C. Lucys and Lily D. Lucys and Lilys 名词综合练习1：1 . 找出可数名词，在横线上打勾，并将可数名词变成复数形式：homework _ half _ advice_ money _knowledge _ boot _ blood _ music _chicken _ heat _ mouth _ bread _information _ milk _ cow _ tear _Beef _ chicken_sheep_ wish_2. 写出下列名词的复数形式： 1. house _ 2. village _ 3. map _ 4. orange _ 5. bag _ 6. exercise _ 7. brush _ 8. family _ 9. bus _ 10. city _ 11. box _ 12. baby _ 13. class _ 14. factory _ 15. glass _ 16. dictionary _ 17. watch _ 18. woman _ 19. match _ 20. man _ 21. wish _ 22. German _ 23. tomato _ 24. policeman _ 25. kilo _ 26. human _ 27. potato _ 28. Chinese _ 29. shelf _ 30. Japanese _ 31. leaf _ 32. American _33. life _ 34. tooth _ 35. wife _ 36. foot _ 37. knife _ 38. sheep _ 39. half _ 40. child _ 3. 选择填空：1The deer has four _. A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots2Her two brothers are both _. A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen D. policemens3There are four _ and two _ in the group.A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans4Two _ would come to the village. A. woman-doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctors5Can you see nine _ in the picture? A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse6The _ has two _. A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch7The boy often brushes his _ before he goes to bed. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths8The Japanese _ will not leave China until she finishes her study. A. woman B. women C. man D. men9There are lots of _ in the basket on the table. A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss10. The cat caught two _ last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices4、用所给名词的适当形式填空。1. How many_(sheep) are there on the hill? 2. There is some_(food) in the basket.3. The baby has only two_(tooth) now. 4. There is a lot of_(water) in the bottle.5. There are five_(people ) in his family. 6. Lets take_(photo), OK?7. I have lots of_(tomato) here. 8. The_(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.9. The_(child) are playing games on the playground now. 10. Their_(dictionary) look new.11. I see you have a few white_(hair). 12. They are_(woman) doctors.13. Can you give me some bottles of _ (orange), please? 14. There are many_(fox) in the picture.15. I would like some apple_(juice). I am very thirsty.名词综合练习2：一、写出下列名词的复数形式。1、orange 2、class 3、text 4、monkey 5、piano 6、child 7、shelf 8、bed 9、country 10、family 11、toy 12、foot 13、Japanese 14、radio 15、photo 16、army 17、tomato 18、fox 19、woman 20、knife 22、shee 18. man doctor 19. woman nurse 20. girl students 二、翻译下列词组。五袋大米 _ 八只脚 _ 三瓶果汁 _ 我的自行车_ 教师节 _ 妇女节 _ 二张纸 _ 四个男医生 _ 四十个女警察_ 十二把小刀 _ 九个德国人 _ 一副世界地图_ Helen的朋友 _ 双胞胎的妈妈_ 三、单项选择( )1. John bought for himself yesterday. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoe( )2. What would you like to have for lunch, sir? Id like . A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken( )3. There are five in our factory. A. wo