基于远程监控变压器的变电站 文献及中文翻译.doc

摘要 本文提出了一种新的配电变压器监测系统（DTMS），所谓Wimo，它利用现有的通信网络，具有投资和运行费用低，易于安装和使用。 该系统能够提供水电费以下好处：警告和实时测量和登记在变电站的负荷数据，无功功率，接地电流和电能质量报警，更可靠和有效的维护。此外，变压器容量可更有效地利用和电能质量控制可以得到改善。 前两个在芬兰装置的现场试验已经有前途，系统被证明是与商用GSM网络和信息网络中使用的电力系统相兼容。 关键词：条款 ；监控；配电控制；变压器 Abstract This paper presents a new distribution transformer monitoring system (DTMS), called Wimo, which utilizes the existing communication network, has low investment and operation costs and is easy to install and use. The system is able to provide the following benefits for utilities: warnings and alarms in real time, measured and registered data of loadings, reactive power, earth current and power quality at the transformer substation, and more reliable and effective maintenance. Also, transformer capacity can be utilized more effectively and the control of power quality can be improved. The field tests of the first two installations in Finland have been promising and the system is shown to be compatible with the commercial GSM networks and with the information systems used in power networks. Key-words： Terms；Monitoring,； Power distribution control；Transformers 附录1：外文资料翻译A1.1译文 基于远程监控变压器的变电站 蒂莫吨Vekara，会员，电机，Seppo Pettissalo和N. Rajkumar，会员，独立外部评价 I 导言 配电变压器是电力系统及其关键设备项目的正常功能是必不可少的系统可靠运行。因此，有必要的经营条件和监测配电变压器的性能，以避免或减少因突发意外中断故障。这也有助于节省运行成本，通过优化维修时间表。 电力变压器的几个监测系统的开发，如1和2中所描述的，但并非为配电变压器。一般来说，变压器监测系统（TMS）的趋势是从数据采集到数据的解释，给予操作员明确的信息。分析网络并将完全实现自动控制。 对配电网运行的可靠性可以增加使用变压器自动监控系统不仅为电力变压器，同时也为配电变压器。远程监控可以选择性地在多个站点提供数据共享，在多个站点间以最高效和成本效益的方式和一种实用的信息中心获得对LV。终端用户的能源消费从自动计量记录资料，发电厂和高压/中压变电站从监控和数据采集（SCADA）系统和信息。然而，在变电站的配电变压器的条件在线数据目前无法提供经常进行远程诊断。例如，关于变电站的配电变压器的负荷信息不是实时的，但是是有限的，只是基于技术检查维修电工几年访问一次。不仅是传统的技术数据，如电流，电压，温度等，但也更先进的对变压器状态信息，如预期寿命变压器，是需要由运营商，以确保可靠的电力传输。公共事业之间找到无数监测系统过于昂贵，因此他们已经被完全忽略了通信的实现。然而，在无线通信基础设施，如手机网络的发展，赋予了新的，符合成本效益的可能性，以监察配电变电站。 该Wimo配电变压器监测系统（DMTS）所述的文件提供了更多的传统方法的几个优势。 II.系统的WIMO Wimo系统由Wimotec有限公司3，它由一台PC与控制中心在适当的软件，变压器监测单位（台北医学大学，即Wimo控制器）与在变电站和无线电通信（GSM和GSM模块有时也GPRS）的他们之间，如图所示1a一个可靠的服务器也需要进行数据备份。 图.1b和液晶显示Wimo材质单元，作为以下主要特点有：电压，电流和温度测量，其他I / O端口，实时时钟和超级电容器蓄电。潜在的免费输入可以用来检测短路，烟雾和湿度，监测变压器内阁和温度继电器。该控制器具有可编程的硬件描述4更详细。 该系统是在这两个direcdons沟通的能力。该系统不仅Wimo发送邮件从配电变压器的变电站（测量数据，警告和报警）到一个运营商通过移动电话或一个服务器，而且收到经营者作为参数设置通过GSM或GPRS网络，并指示互联网，如图所示。现有communicanon网络（GSM短消息服务，短信服务的GSM网络和GPRS网络进行数据传输） 1，采用持续投资和运行费用低。 为了监控变电站操作员需要，如Microsoft Explorer或Netscape在PC机或在PDA设备或移动电话的Web浏览器，中心站软件（旅），而其中有报警管理主要功能，阅读和储存对生产数据库和报告，在线监测，参数设置，通信日志生产，并在一般系统管理测量。 该系统以测量和经营者提供有关报告，过载情况，停电，电压干扰，接地故障，电流不平衡及无功功率等。图2显示了一个示例视图由经营者看到。该算子集，如电流，电压，temperatore，无功，不平衡，电压峰值和下降参数的限制，并接收报警信息，他们的位置，时间，事件和测量值。 Wimo系统与其他商业的IT电源系统，如远程控制和操作由ABB公司，一个网络数据的Tekla公司系统和一Enermet有限公司开发的远程抄表系统的网络系统兼容，见5一7 该WIMO系统对电力公共事业的好处可归纳如下： 1）有效管理变压器的能力；2）快速消除故障；3）自动和可靠的记录i，包括中断时间的戳记；4）真实记录电能质量通过资料和尖峰电压骤降根据IEC 61000-4-30标准， 5）为提高维修和操作功能，测量在各种情况下电网的可预测性的相关数据 6）维护和操作功能和可预测性与控制中心的通讯选项包括SMS几个相关数据登记根据协议，支持GSM，工业控制局域网协议，通过GPRS通信，集成和OPC服务器与外部applicanons 7）在购买和操作上是一个经济都有利的解决方案。 III. EXPPERIENCES在芬兰 第一个Wimo系统已在芬兰工作两年左右。该系统显示正常，完全与GSM和芬兰最大的商业，即Radiolinja有限公司，公司移动电话运营商Sonera公司GPRS无线网络兼容，并和芬兰DNA有限公司，在8一10提出。 在实践中，监测系统的成功经验表明要在提供准确，实时，如负载和他们的房间条件配电变压器的有用信息。电能质量现在可以被检测没有访问远程传输的物理测量设备变电站。在一般情况下，预期相关的电力品质的先进功能的重要性在未来仍将增加。 该Wimo体系的进一步发展将是在为户外使用和中央火车站软件，该软件目前只有芬兰语，瑞典语和英语以及其他语言的翻译设备的生产。总谐波失真（THD）也将很快面市。 IV. 结论 为了增加配电网运行的可靠性，通过使用变压器配电变压器自动监控系统。目前，运营商并没有太多任何测量数据或变电站先进的信息维护和控制.这篇文章介绍一种先进的配电变压器远程监控系统，利用现有的通信网络，具有投资和运行费用低，易于安装和使用。在芬兰的经验表明， 在芬兰的经验表明，商业基础设施可以成功地在变压器实时监测。 V. 参考文献1三本特松，“变压器监控中的地位和趋势”，IEEE期刊。有关功率传输，第一卷。11，三，1996年7月，页（1379一1384）2中频巴恩斯，“QuaIiTROL SENTRY的变压器监测系统”，在显示器和独立外部评价Collogium状况评估equipmenl（摘要号一百八十六分之一千九百九十六），5。1996年12月，第（2 / 1一2 / 7）3 Wimotec有限公司，4黄Pettissalo，我们科兹洛夫斯基，阁下Lyskawa，吨Kantecki，国家科学和技术机密“WIMO因为，Trandformer变电站远程监控系统”。关于IndustrialProcesses诊断，DPP03弗瓦迪斯瓦沃沃，波兰是，2003年9月17日5 ABB有限公司，6 Tekla的有限公司，7 Enermet有限公司，8 Radiolinja有限公司，http:/www.radiolinja.fi。9 Sonera公司有限公司，http:/www.sonera.fi10芬兰DNA有限公司，http:/www.dnafinland.fi。 VI. 履历 蒂莫吨Vekara出生于Kokemaki，芬兰，于1959年。他获得硕士（萨尔瓦多英），医学学士，工学学位分别从芬兰的坦佩雷理工大学于1984年，1993年和2001年获得。他曾在RD和起重机吊重机第一通力公司工作数年，然后在氯化钾科尼。自1997年以来他一直作为行事的教授，也一直在Vaasa大学机电工程总监。 他的兴趣是电力电子，风力发电和用模拟实验改善大学教育。 Seppo pettissalo取得1970年奥卢大学，芬兰电子硕士学位。他曾用str mberg几年有限公司，ABB有限公司，瓦萨电子有限公司的Vacon有限公司和VAMP有限公司在瓦萨。2002年，他在那里他开始Wimotec有限公司的技术经理curgently工程，他的兴趣是在电气工程和电子研发。 N. Rajkumar 毕业于Rajkumar电气，电子与控制工程，并在电力分配工作了好几年。他获得理学硕士（系统ENG）和博士学位的伦敦城市大学（萨尔瓦多）学位。 他与新加坡理工学院的是几年后，他在那里是高级讲师，一直是电力科的科长。他曾作为两个在Vaasa，芬兰大学电气工程教授多年。 他现在的能源系统臀部在伦敦城市大学的研究员和他的研究兴趣包括电力系统继电保护，电力系统分布式发电和计算机应用。T.T.Vekara与电气工程及生产管理，瓦萨，芬兰（电子邮件：钛mo.vekara uwasa.fi）大学部S.Pettissalo与Wimotec有限公司，瓦萨，芬兰（电子邮件：seppo.pettissalo无线）N.Rajkumar与伦敦城市大学，英国伦敦（电子邮件：n.rajkumar city.ac.uk）A1.2原 文Remote Monitoring System for Transformer SubstationsTimo T. Vekara, Member, IEEE, Seppo Pettissalo and N. Rajkumar, Member, IEE Abstract-This paper presents a new distribution transformer monitoring system (DTMS), called Wimo, which utilizes the existing communication network, has low investment and operation costs and is easy to install and use. The system is able to provide the following benefits for utilities: warnings and alarms in real time, measured and registered data of loadings, reactive power, earth current and power quality at the transformer substation, and more reliable and effective maintenance. Also, transformer capacity can be utilized more effectively and the control of power quality can be improved. The field tests of the first two installations in Finland have been promising and the system is shown to be compatible with the commercial GSM networks and with the information systems used in power networks. Terms-Monitoring, Power distribution control,Transformers I. INTRODUCTION THE distribution transformer is a critical item of equipment in power systems and its correct functioning is essential to the reliable operation of the system. It is therefore, necessary to monitor the operating condition and performance of distribution transformers in order to avoid or reduce disruption due to sudden unexpected failure. It also helps to save running costs by optimizing maintenance schedules. Several monitoring systems for power transformers have been developed, such as those described in 1 and 2, but not for distribution transformers. Generally, the trend of transformer monitoring systems (TMS) is from data acquisition to data interpretation to give clear information to the operator. The distribution network will entirely be controlled automatically. The reliability of operation of distribution networks can be increased by using automatic monitoring systems for transformers , not only for power transformers, but also for distribution transformers. Remote monitoring can provide selective sharing of data among multiple sites in themost efficient and cost effective manner. An information centre of a utility acquires information on power plants and on HV/MV substations from a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system, and information on LV .energy consumption of end users from automatic metering recorders. However, on-line data on the conditions of distribution transformer substations are currently not often available for remote diagnosis. For example, the information on the loading of distribution transformer substations is not in real time, but is limited and based only on technical checks performed few times a year by visiting maintenance electricians. Not only the conventional technical data, such as current, voltage, temperature etc., but also more advanced information about the status of transformers, such as expected transformer lifetime is needed by the operators to ensure reliable power delivery. Utilities find the implementation of communication between numerous monitoring systems too expensive and thus they have been ignored entirely. However, the development of the infrastructure of wireless communication such as the mobilephone networks, gives new, cost effective possibilities to monitor distribution transformer substations. The Wimo distribution transformer monitoring system(DMTS) described in the paper offers several advantages over more traditional methods. II. THE WIMO SYSTEM Wimo system is developed by Wimotec Ltd. 3 and it consists of a PC with proper software at the control centre,transformer monitoring units (TMU, i.e. the Wimo controllers) with a GSM module at the transformer substations and radio communication (GSM and sometimes also GPRS) between them, as shown in Fig. la. A reliable server is also needed for data backup. Figs. 1b and lc show the Wimo TMU, which has as the following main features: voltage, current and temperature measurements, other I/O ports, a real-time clock and power storage in super capacitors. The potential free inputs can be used to detect short circuits, smoke and humidity, to monitor transformer cabinet and for a temperature relay. The controller has a programmable hardware,described more detailed in 4. The system is capable of communicating in both direcdons. The Wimo system not only sends messages (measuring data, warnings and alarms) from a distribution transformer substation to an operator via a mobile phone or a server, but also receives the instructions such as parametersettings of the operator via a GSM or GPRS network and Internet, as shown in Fig. 1.Use of the existing communicanon network (GSM network for short message service,SMS of GSM network and GPRS for data transfer)keeps investment and operation costs low. To monitor a transformer substation an operator needs the Web browser such as Microsoft Explorer or Netscape in a PC or in a PDA device or a mobile phone, and central station software (CTS); the main functions of which are alarm management, reading and storing of measurements to database and production of reports, online monitoring, parameter setting, production of a communication log, and system administration in general. The system takes measurements and provides reports to the operator concerning overload conditions, power outages, voltage disturbances, earth faults, current unbalance and increase of reactive power etc. Fig. 2 shows a sample view seen by the operator. The operator sets the alarming limits for parameters such as currents, voltage, temperatore, reactive power, imbalance, voltage peaks and drops,and receives the information of alarms, their location,time, event and measured value. Wimo system is compatible with the other commercial IT systems for power systems, like a remote control and operating system for networks developed by ABB Ltd., a network data system of Tekla Ltd. and a remote metering system of Enermet Ltd., see 5一7, respectively. The benefits of the WIMO system to power utilities can be summarized as follows: 1) effective management of the capacity of the transformer 2) fast fault clearance 3) automatic and reliable recording of outages and events including the time stamps, 4) authentic energy quality information through registration of voltage dips and spikes according to IEC standard 61000-4-30, 5) measurements to provide relevant data for enhancing maintenance and operating functions and predictability in various power network situations, 6) several communication options with the control centre including SMS based protocol for GSM,industrial protocol for control LANs, communication over GPRS, and OPC server for integration with external applicanons, and 7) a financially advantageous solution both at purchase and operation. III. EXPPERIENCES IN FINLAND The first Wimo system has been operating in Finland for about two years. The system has shown to function properly and fully compatibly with the GSM and GPRS radio networks of the largest commercial mobile phone operators in Finland, i.e., Radiolinja Ltd., Sonera Ltd, andDna Finland Ltd., introduced in 8一10. In practice, the benefits of the monitoring system have shown to be useful in giving accurate and real-time information on distribution transformers such as loading and conditions of their rooms. Power quality can now be registered remotely without visiting the transformer substation for transferring physical measurement devices. In general,it is expected that the importance of the advanced features related to power quality will still increase in future. Further development of the Wimo system will be in the production of devices for outdoor use and translation of the central station software which is now only in Finnish, Swedish and English to other languages. Total harmonic distortion (THD) will also be available soon. IV. CONCLUSION The reliability of operation of distribution networks can be increased by using automatic monitoring systems for transformers not only for power transformers but also for distribution transformers. At present, operators do not have either much measured data or advanced information on transformer substations for maintenance and control.This paper describes an advanced remote monitoring system for distribution transformers which utilizes the existing communication network, has low investment and operation costs and is easy to install and use. Experience in Finland has shown that the commercial infrastructure can successfully be used in monitoring of transformer substadons. V. REFERENCES1 C. Bengtsson, Status and Trends in Transformer Monitoring, IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 11, no. 3, July 1996, pp(1379一1384)2 M. F. Barnes, QuaIiTROL SENTRY Transformer Monitoring System, IEE Collogium on Monitors and Condition Assessment equipmenl (Digest No. 1996/186), 5. Dec. 1996, pp. (2/1一2/7)3 Wimotec Ltd., 4 S. Pettissalo, W. E. Kozlowski, H. Lyskawa, T. Kantecki, WIMO Remote Monitoring System for Trandformer Substations,National Science and Technology Conf. on Diagnostics of IndustrialProcesses, DPP03 Wladyslawowo, Poland, IS-17.9.20035 ABB Ltd., 6 Tekla Ltd., 7 Enermet Ltd., 8 Radiolinja Ltd., http:/www.radiolinja.fi.9 Sonera Ltd., http:/www.sonera.fi10 Dna Finland Ltd., http:/www.dnafinland.fi. VI. BIOGRAPHIES Timo T. Vekara was born in Kokemaki, Finland, in 1959. He received MSc (El Eng), Lic. Tech and Doctor of technology degrees from Tampere University of Technology Finland in 1984, in 1993 and in 2001, respectively. He has worked several years with R&D of hoists and cranes first in Kone Corporation and then in KCI Konecranes. Since 1997 he has worked as an acting professor and has also been the Head of Electrical Engineering at the University of Vaasa, Finland His interests are power electronics, wind power and improvement of university education using simulations Seppo Pettissalo received MSc degree in electronics from the University of Oulu, Finland in 1970. He has worked several years with Str mberg Ltd, ABB Ltd., Vaasa Electronics Ltd., Vacon Ltd. And Vamp Ltd. in Vaasa. In 2002 he started Wimotec Ltd. where he curgently works as the technical manager His interests are R&D in electrical engineering and electronics. N. Rajkumar graduated in electrical, electronic and control engineering, and has worked in electricity distribution for several years. He received the MSc (Sys Eng) and PhD (El) degrees from the City University, London. He was with the Singapore Polytechnic for I S years, where he was a Senior Lecturer and has been the Section Head of the Electrical Power Section. He worked for two years as a Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Vaasa, Finland. He is now with the Energy Systems Croup at the City University,London as a Research Fellow and his research interests include Power System Protection, Distributed Generation and Computer applications in Power Systems