机轮碳刹车系统的可靠性试验英文.docx

机轮碳刹车系统的可靠性试验刘马宝 1 *王新波 2 王国力 1谭申刚(北京航空航天大学 ,北京 100083;西安交通大学 1 ,西安 710049;中航第一飞机设计研究院 2 ,西安 710072 )摘 要 采用可靠性摸底试验和可靠性增长试验相结合的方法 ,对机轮碳刹车系统这一复杂机电系统进行了可靠性试验 。直接针对寿命周期内的薄弱环节制定可靠性摸底试验和可靠性增长试验 ;在不改变系统失效机理的前提下 ,尽量提高可靠性试 验的频率 ,节约试验时间 ;选择容易引起薄弱环节损伤的环境应力和工作应力以加速方式进行可靠性试验 ;将可靠性试验与系 统中部件的寿命试验相结合 。该方法特别适用于复杂系统的可靠性试验 。关键词 可靠性试验中图法分类号v216. 6;加速寿命机轮碳刹车系统文献标志码athe re sea rch on re liab ility enginee ring began invironm en t whe re p roduc ts op e ra te and then app lying se2quen tia l stre sse s tha t m ay be con stan t, step o r p rogre s2the fiftie s, 20 th cen tu ry.the mo st impo rtan t waysr e liab ilityto enhancete sting is one ofthe re liab ility of 3 6 sive . th is k ind of m e thod is u sefu l when the p rod2uc ts a re no t comp lica ted, bu t it is no longe r ava ilab le fo r the comp lica ted e lec trom echan ica l system s. a s to such system s, the fa ilu re m echan ism s a re comp lica ted and the sca le a re la rge, it w ill co st too m uch exp e rim en ta l tim e and exp en se fo r the conven tiona l m e thod to p e rfo rm tha t k ind of re liab ility te sting.so fa r, how to expo se system fa ilu re s in sho rte rp roduc ts 1 .the p u rpo se of the re liab ility te sting is to expo se fa ilu re s in the device, and then rede sign the device to strengthen its weak p a rts; hence be tte r p e rfo rm ance a s we ll a s longe r life sp an o r m a in te2 nance p e riod can be ob ta ined. a fte r the deve lopm en t of p a st decade s, re liab ility te sting m e thod s fo r e lec2 tron ic device s have been standa rd ized by seve ra l o r2 gan iza tion s 2 .nowadays,the m e thod s app lied in the re liab ility te sting of e lec tron ic device s becom e mo re and mo re effic ien t, bu t fo r comp lica ted system s compo sed of so rts of m echan ica l,hyd rau lic ande lec tron icp roduc ts, it is still a b ig p rob lem to p ro2vide a p rac tica l re liab ility te sting m e thod.the conven tiona l re liab ility te sting m e thod u sua lly expo se s fa ilu re s of the p roduc ts by mode ling the rea l en2 7 , 8 tim e ha s been stud ied w ide ly. o n the ba sis offo rm e r re sea rch, som e fundam en ta l re sea rch on the so lving of the p rob lem a re m ade and fina lly a newre liab ility te sting m e thod fo r the comp lica ted e lec tro2m echan ica l system s is p ropo sed.in o rde r to ve rifythe effic iency of the new m e thod, it is app lied to there liab ility te sting of the a irp lane whee l ca rbon b rake system , wh ich is a comp lica ted e lec trom echan ica l system invo lving 17 se ts of m echan ica l, e lec trica land hyd rau lic p roduc ts.2009 年 12 月 8 日收到第一作者简介 :谭申刚 ( 1963 ) ,男 ,北京航空航天大学研究员 ,研究 方向 :结构强度和气动弹性。e2m a il: tan shengang yahoo. com. cn。3 通讯作者简介 :刘马宝 ,西安交通大学航天航空学院。 e2m a il: lium 2abao1 yahoo. com. cn。1m e thod d e sc rip tionin o rde r to effic ien tly imp rove the re liab ility of1706科 学 技 术与 工 程10卷o rde r to ob ta in exac t a sse ssm en t on the system re lia2b ility, the connec tion mode and the a ssem b ly d irec2 tion of te st p la tfo rm a re exac tly iden tica l w ith the a irc raft.1. 2 m e thod of re liab ility grow th te sting1. 2. 1 po llu tion to le rance te stingpo llu tion to le rance is te sted du ring the re liab ility te sting. in the te st, the acce le ra ted po llu tion stre ss is adop ted to a sce rta in the ru le and cond ition s of the po llu tion fa ilu re s. b a sed on the te sting, an ti2po llu2 tion m ea su re s, wh ich inc lude p roduc t m a in ta in ing m ea su re s and p roduc t m anufac tu ring m ea su re s, w ill be imp roved to enhance the se rvice p e rfo rm ance of hyd rau lic c ircu it.1. 2. 2 l ife te stingthe da ta from re liab ility te sting can be u sed to e stim a te the first rep a ir tim e of p a rts in the system. the environm en ta l cond ition s such a s h ighe r temp e r2a tu re , lowe r temp e ra tu re and the amp litude s of envi2a irp lane whee l ca rbon b rake system and la rge ly savethe exp e rim en ta l co st and tim e, the re liab ility expo2de2thesu re te sting and re liab ility grow th te sting a resigned a im ing a t the weak p a rts of the system. de ta il of the m e thod is d iscu ssed a s fo llow s.1. 1 m e thod of re liab ility expo su re1. 1. 1 a cce le ra ted frequenc ie sa cce le ra ted frequenc ie s, wh ichte stinga re m uchh ighe rthan the no rm a l wo rk ing frequenc ie s, a re adop ted inin o rde r to ob ta in the fre2the re liab ility te sting.quency in te rva l in wh ich the system w ill op e ra teno rm a lly, befo re the re liab ility te sting, com b ined te sting is p e rfo rm ed. b a sed on the p reviou s te sting, in the re liab ility te sting the frequenc ie s a re se t a s h igh a s po ssib le in the p e rm ited in te rva l. it is wo rth no ting tha t the acce le ra ted frequenc ie s adop ted a reno t “the h ighe r, the be tte r”, becau se too h igh fre2quenc ie s w ill change the fa ilu re m echan ism of the system , o r m ake the system op e ra te ou t of whack. the p rop e r frequec ie s a re needed to ba lance the ex2 p e rim en ta l con sump tion s and exp e rim en ta l qua lity.1. 1. 2 a cce le ra ted m u lti2fac to rsronm en ta l vib ra to ryp a rts in the system.stre ss m a tch the life te sting offo r examp le, the amp litude be2tween h igh temp e ra tu re and low temp e ra tu re is d raw2ing nea r the upp e r amp litude lim it in accep tab le range, wh ich is seve re enough fo r the re levan t da ta to be u sed in the first rep a ir tim e e stim a tion of p a rtsin the system.in the re liab ility te sting, on lythe environm en ta lstre sse s and the op e ra ting stre sse s wh ich have d ra2m a tica lly effec t on the system re liab ility a re adop t2ed. b efo re the te sting, a ll2sided fa ilu re mode l effec2tivene ss ana lysiscomp rehen sive ly m echan ism s and( fm ea ) is p roce ssed deep ly andto iden tify a ll the po ssib le fa ilu re the re la ted sen sitive environm en ta l2exp e rim en ta l d e ta ilsand op e ra tingthe te sting a re the be st effec t.stre sse s.the stre sse s con side red ina rranged in som e sequence to p u rsuea t the sam e tim e, the m ission s w ith2. 1system compo sitionca rbon b rake system in a irp lane whee l is a comp lica ted e lec tro2m echan ica l system , wh ich is compo sed of so rts of m echan ica l, e lec tric and hy2d rau lic p roduc ts, m a in ly invo lve s:e lec tron ic an ti2no fa ilu re expo sed a re no t added in the te sting.ine ra ting te sting.acce le ra ted mode, the environm en ta l and op 2stre sse s se lec ted a re ga the red in re liab ilitya fte r the te sting, the tim e sp en t in the ex2box,e lec tro2hyd rau licse rvova lve,sp eed sen so r, hyd rau lic2hyd rau lic con2sk id con tro lb rake va lve,p e rim en t w ill be tran sfo rm ed in to the system se rvicetim e to p roce ss quan tita tive ana lysis. m eanwh ile, inve rte r, m e te r regu la to r,e lec trom agne tic va lve.ino rde r to m a tch the ac tua l environm en t, the in te rface s7期谭申刚 ,等 :机轮碳刹车系统的可靠性试验1707connec ting the p roduc ts, such a s b rake va lve, se rvova lve, hyd rau lic2hyd rau lic conve rte r, m e te r regu la to rm ission e: d iffe ren tia l b rak ing when the p laneis go ing back to the p a rk ing ap ron,the b rak ingp re ssu re is 3. 50and e lec tro2m agne ticp lane.in add ition,va lve, a re the sam e a s the a ir2e lec tron ic an ti2sk id con tro l boxm pa- 0. 5a dd itiona lly, the ca rbon b rake system doe s no two rk du ring flying.no te tha t no t a ll the m ission s w ill be con sid2e red in to the re liab ility te sting.o n ly the m ission sis connec ted w ith a irp lane cab le,and the sp eedsen so r link s to the sp ec ia l d rive e lec trode.u nde r2 ca rriage s in the a irp lane a re loca ted symm e trica lly, hence on ly one2sided unde rca rriage is adop ted in the re liab ility te sting.2. 2 m ission s of the ca rbon b rake systemr efe rring to fig. 1 , the m ission s of the ca rbon b rake system in the who le flying jou rney gene ra llycon ta in:whe re systema re con side red b and m issionfa ilu re s comp a ra tive ly like ly happ enin the te sting.fo r examp le, m ission d a re con side red in to bo th the re lia2b ility p re2expo su re and re liab ility grow th te sting, andso a re the d iffe ren tia l b rak ing m ission s.the envi2ronm en ta l stre ss when the a irp lane is flying in the sky is on ly jo ined in re liab ility p re2expo su re te sting.3r e su lts and d iscu ssion3. 1e stim a ting m tb f by am saa mode lam saa mode l is a famou s mode l fo r its exten2sive app lica tion s inthe e stim a tion of re liab ility grow th.it wa s p re sen ted by a rm y m a te rie l system s1972 9 11 .a na lysis a c tivity inthe am saa mode lf ig. 1 m ission s of the ca rbon b rake system in the who lewa s app lied to a sse ss the effec tivity of ou r deve lop edflying jou rney. a, b, cin the figu re sep a ra te ly m eanre liab ility m e thod inthe da ta u sed(m ean tim e be tweenth is study.fo r the a sse ssm en t of m tb ffa ilu re ) a re listed in tab le 1.m ission a, m ission b, m ission c,m ission a: d iffe ren tia l b rak ing when the a irp laneis slid ing on the land, and the b rak ing p re ssu re isthe un it of cum u la tive exp e rim en ta l tim e is cyc le s ofliftingand land ing.abou t 3. 50m pa- 0. 5m ission b: b rak ing a t the flying2off line, whenthe b rake system ha s to endu re the vib ra tion stre ss from land.ta b le 1 summ a ry of brea kdown da tato ta l cum u latived a ta sou rceb reakdown exp e rim en ta l tim e 1001m ission c: loo sen ingis taxiing befo re takeoff, still ac tive.m ission d: an ti2slidethe b rake a s the a irp lane2251r e liab ilityexpo su re te stingwhen vib ra tion stre ssis37511 8251b rak ing a s the a irp laneis82 3251r e liab ility grow thte stingland ing,the b rak ing p re ssu re is mo re than 9.5 2000m pa, a t the sam e tim e,the b rake system s a lsohave to endu re the vib ra tion stre ss from land.1708科 学 技术与工 程10卷ba = n / t( 5 )3. 1. 1grow th trend te st by l ap lacete st p rocedu renit ob ta in s:ti =( 1 )12 n- 0. 5n tai = 1b0 432.= 5 / 5 200= 0. 124 1;= 0. 259 8.= n / tw he re is the grow th trend;n is the to ta lb reakdown s; ti is the cum u la tive exp e rim en ta l tim e and t is the to ta l cum u la tive exp e rim en ta l tim e.it w ill ge t: = - 2. 428 1. no rm a lly, the sig2b0. 345 6= n / t = 5 / 5 200awhe re a , a a re the e stim a to rs of a.ca lcu la tion of m tb f and re liab ility grow thra te:( 6 )m = 1 - bwhe re m is the re liab ility grow th ra te.n ificance leve l is se t a s = 0. 02 , thenva lue w ill be 0 = 2. 326 by refe rring to d istribu tion cha rt.thethec ritica lno rm a lb - 1 - 1( 7 )m tb f =a btwhe re m tb f is the unb ia sed e stim a to r of m eantim e be tween fa ilu re.it is obviou sly: - 0 .it show s tha t thegrow th trend of the re liab ility te sting is sign ifican t.3. 1. 2goodne ss of fit te st by c ram e r2von m i2se s te st p rocedu ree stim a tion of shap e p a ram e te rb:r ep lace the sym bo ls in above equa tion s bytheda ta a lready ca lcu la ted ou t,m = 0. 65 ,ob ta in:m tb f = 3 100.it show s tha t m tb f of c rea se s rem a rkab ly, w ith anbn int - ti( 2 )= n /in2the imp roved systemgrow th ra te of 0. 65.i = 1whe re b isdown s.the e stim a to r of b; n istheto ta lb reak2w hen confidence levelis 0. 9 , refe rring tono rm a l d istribu tion cha rt: lowe r confidence lim ittheco2( 3 ) b = (n - 1 ) /n bthe unb ia sed e stim a to r ofeffic ien t k 5 , 0. 9 ) w ill be 0. 352 and upp e r confi2l (whe re b isb.u ()dence lim it coeffic ien t k5 , 0. 9w ill be 4. 517.con sequen tly, in te rva l e stim a tion of m tb f: lowe r confidence lim it:m tb fl = 3 100 0. 352 = 1 091.upp e r confidence lim it:m tb fu = 3 100 4. 517 = 14 002.r ep lace the sym bo ls3 by the da ta from tab leini,equa tion 2it w ill ge t:and equa tionb = 0. 432, b = 0. 345 6.c ram e r2von m ise s te st p rocedu re:5b22 1 ti+ ( 4 )cn=12n-tthe m tb f of35 , m tb fu = 632. from 35 to 1 059 ,the o rigina l system is m tb fl =it show s tha t m tb fl inc rea se s wh ich is abou t 30 tim e s a s longi = 1whe re c2 is the goodne ss of fit inthe c ram e r2von m i2nse s te st p rocedu re.2c= c2 = 0. 072. w hen sign ifi2it w ill ge t:a s the o rigina l m tb fl .3. 2 l ife e stim a tion of p a rts in the systemin the re liab ility te sting, op e ra ting stre ss and environm en ta l stre ss a re p rop e rly strengthened to m a tch exp e rim en ta l cond ition s of the life te sting of p a rts in the a irp lane whee l ca rbon b rake system. a s a re su lt, the da ta from the re liab ility te sting can beu sed to e stim a te life of p a rts in the system.n5cance leve l is se t a s = 0. 01 , it ob ta in s c2=5, 0. 010. 295 from the no rm a l d istribu tion cha rt.222= 0. 295 show s am 2cm = c5 = 0. 072 c5, 0. 01leve l =saa mode l is accep tab le w ith0. 01.3. 1. 3e stim a tion of m tb fsign ificancee stim a tion of size p a ram e te r a:2 i - 12n7期谭申刚 ,等 :机轮碳刹车系统的可靠性试验1709fou r p roduc tsfirst rep a ir tim e a re e stim a ted inthe re liab ility te sting, inc lud ing: the e lec tron ic an ti2 sk id con tro l box, the e lec tro2hyd rau lic se rvo va lve, the hyd rau lic b rake va lve, and the hyd rau lic2hyd rau2 lic conve rte r.the e lec tro2hyd rau lic se rvo va lve is taken a s an examp le to p roce ss the life e stim a tion.the exp e rim en ta l da ta abou t the e lec tro2hyd rau2lic se rvo va lve a re listed intab le.ta b le exper im en ta l re su lts a bou t e lec tro2hydra u l ic servo va lvep ea r in the re liab ility te sting.4conc lu sionthe re liab ility te sting re su lts by theshow: the system fa ilu re is expo sed innew m e thodsho rt tim e;the imp roved system own longe r se rvice life com 2p a red to the o rigina l one s; po llu tion to le rance and an tipo llu tion m ea su re s of hyd rau lic sub system a re a s2 ce rta ined; m tb f of the imp roved system inc rea se s rem a rkab ly, w ith a grow th ra te of 0. 65; m eanwh ile, the da ta from re liab ility te sting can a lso be u sed to e stim a te the life of p a rts in the system.the se re2 su lts ind ica te tha t the new re liab ility te sting m e thod is effic ien t in re liab ility te sting of ca rbon b rake sys2 tem , and it p rovide s a la rge savings in te st tim e and co st. m ean ingfu lly, it can a lso be pop u la rizedin o the r comp lica ted e lec trom echan ica l system s.d ata sou rcecyc le sb reakdown sr e liab ility expo su re te sting1 4501r e liab ility grow th testing2 9001the safe ty fac to r ku sed fo rlife e stim a tionisse t a s 1. 5 , and the first rep a ir tim e w ill be:nti 2 900 + 1 450 i = 1 ( 8 )ton= 1 4502 1. 5n kreferen ce swhe re nsafe ty fac to r.istheto ta lb reakdown s;andkisthej iang x w , song z j , r e liab ility enginee r techn ique. h a rb in in stitu2te of techno logy, 2005: 32 52 in ch ine se b isschop j. r e liab ility m e thod s and standa rd s. m ic roe lec tron ic s r eli2ab ility, 2007; 47: 1330 1335yu rkow sky w , schafte r r e, f inke lste in j m. a cce le rated te sting techno logy. techn ica l r epo rt. sto rm ing m ed ia, 1967: 1 2zhang q s. r e liab ility enhancem en t test and its app lica tion. e lec2tron ic r e liab ility and environm en ta l testing, 2003; 6 ( 12 ) : 40 42 in ch ine se gao j , zhang l m. d iscu ss of re liab ility p re2expo su re and grow th te s2ting m e thod fo r the equ ipm en t. e lec tron ic r eliab ility and e