Applicable Neuroradiology.pptx

applicableneuroradiology,fortheclinicalneurologyclerkshiplsumedicalschoolneworleansstephendeputy,mdclerkshipdirector,applicableneuroradiology,introductionthefieldofradiologyfirstdevelopedfollowingthediscoveryofx-raysbywilhelmroentgenin1895.thisresultedinwidespreadclinicalusebeforethedamagingeffectsofionizingradiationwerefullyappreciated.,applicableneuroradiology,plainfilmsoftheskullwerethefirstapplicationofradiologicaltechniquestothefieldofneurologyandbecamewidespreadbeginningaround1905,applicableneuroradiology,plainfilmsoftheskullgoodfordetectingca+goodforskullfxsgoodforforeignbodiesquickwaytolookforpneumatizationofcranialsinusesplainspinefilmsgoodforvertebralfracturesanddislocationsusedinevaluationofscoliosisdoesnotimagecordhowever,applicableneuroradiology,pneumoencephalogramairinjectedintothecalsacthroughlprevealstheventricularsystemcausesheadaches(pneumocephaly)firstusein1918,parenchymalca+andhydrocephalousduetocongenitaltoxoplasmosis,applicableneuroradiology,cerebralangiographyfirstusedin1927viadirectpercutaneousinternalcarotidarterypunctureusefulfordefiningcerebralvasculaturewasusedtoinfertumorsorothermasslesionsbasedonthedisplacementofvascularstructures,applicableneuroradiology,computedaxialtomographyfirstdevelopedinthe60sdigitalgeometryisusedtocreatea3dimensionalimageoftheinternalaspectsfromalargeseriesof2dimensionalx-rayimagestakenaroundasingleaxisofrotation,applicableneuroradiology,computedaxialtomographyhasadvantagesofquickacquisitiontimeexcellentforpickingupacuteintracranialblooduses“houndsfieldunits”todeterminethedensityofstructuresidentifiedcontrastcanbeusedtobetterdefineedemaoranyprocesswherethereisbreakdownofthebbbboluscontrastadministrationprovidesvascularanatomy(ctangiogram)contrastadministrationiscontraindicatedforusewithrenalinsufficiencyorpriorallergy,applicableneuroradiology,ctangiogramshowingalargemcaaneurysm,contrast-enhancedctshowingbrainabscessandedema,applicableneuroradiology,computedaxialtomography5“b”thingsthatarebright(hyperdense)onctbloodbone(orca+)brainbullet(orforeignbody)“bontrast”for“contrast”,applicableneuroradiology,cranialultrasoundcranialu/sdevelopedinthe70susedininfancyasanon-invasivewaytoviewventriclesandlookforintraventricularhemorrhageusingtheanteriorfontanelleasaportalusedinadultsforcarotidstenosis/dissectionorforcerebralvasospasm,applicableneuroradiology,neonatalheadu/swithgradeiiiivh,carotiddopplerultrasoundshowingicastenosis,cranialdopplerwithmcastenosis,applicableneuroradiology,spectsinglephotonemissioncomputedtomographydevelopedin60s(alongwithct)gammaray-emittinglong-actingisotope(technetium-99m)showsregionalcbfcanhelplocalizeseizureonset(ictal-spect)canbesuperimposedonctormrimoreavailablethanpet,applicableneuroradiology,ictalspectsuperimposeduponbrainmri,applicableneuroradiology,petpositronemissiontomographydevelopedinthe70sdetectsgammaraysreleasedbyaradionuclidetracerlinkedtoamarkerfdg(fludeoxyglucose)mostcommonlyusedothermarkersincludespecificneurotransmittersortheirreceptorsrequirescyclotrontomakeshorthalf-lifetracerssonotasavailableaspet,applicableneuroradiology,petshowinglossofregionalstoresofdopamineinpatientswithparkinsonsdisease,applicableneuroradiology,magneticresonanceimagingdevelopedinthe80spowerfulmagneticfieldscausewatermoleculestoalignalongtheirdipolesradiofrequencywavesproduceanelectromagneticfieldwhichtransientlyknocksthemoleculesoutofalignmentwhenwatermoleculesre-alignwithinthemagneticfieldtheyreleaseenergy(photons)whicharedetectedbyscannersandfollowingalotofcomputermumbo-jumboanimageisproduced,applicableneuroradiology,magneticresonanceimagingt-1imagingwaterisdark.fat(myelin)isbrightgadoliniumcontrastusedtoshowbreakdownofbbbt-2imagingwaterisbright.fatisdark.flair(sameast2exceptwateris“blackedout”)diffusionimagingshowsrestricteddiffusionofwatersuggestingcelldeathadcmappingtakesintoaccountbrightnessofbackgroundt2signal,applicableneuroradiology,t1mriaxialplane,t1mriwithgadoliniumshowingabraintumor,applicableneuroradiology,t1saggitalplane,t1coronalplane,applicableneuroradiology,t2andflairofmultiplesclerosis,t2axialimage,applicableneuroradiology,diffusion/perfusionmismatchlmcastroke,applicableneuroradiology,t.o.f.mrangiogramofthecerebralvessels,gadoliniumcontrastinjectedmrangiogramofthecervicalvessels,applicableneuroradiology,mrvenogramofthecerebralsinusesanddrainingveins,applicableneuroradiologyneuroanatomyctscan,namethestructures,applicableneuroradiology,applicableneuroradiology,applicableneuroradiology,globe,ethmoids.,clivus,mastoidaircells,mastoidaircells,sphenoids.,frontals.,intacousticmeatus,applicableneuroradiology,applicableneuroradiology,tonsils,medulla,applicableneuroradiology,applicableneuroradiology,applicableneuroradiology,temporallobe,cerebellarhemisphere,4thventricle,pons,basilarartery,applicableneuroradiology,applicableneuroradiology,applicableneuroradiology,sylvianfissure,temporallobe,midbrain,3rdventricle,caudatehead,lateralventricle,frontallobe,occipitallobe,applicableneuroradiology,applicableneuroradiology,applicableneuroradiology,lateralventricle,falxcerebri,frontallobe,occipitallobe,parietallobe,applicableneuroradiology,t1saggitalmri,applicableneuroradiology,t1saggitalmri,applicableneuroradiology,frontalsinus,sphenoidsinus,pituitary,clivus,tentoriumcerebelli,tongue,t1saggitalmri,applicableneuroradiology,t1saggitalmri,applicableneuroradiology,t1saggitalmri,applicableneuroradiology,genuofcc,bodyofcc,spleniumofcc,tegmentumofmidbrain,tectalplateofmidbrain,pons,medulla,4thventricle,tonsils,t1saggitalmri,applicableneuroradiology,t2axialmri,applicableneuroradiology,t2axialmri,globe,applicableneuroradiology,temporallobe,cerebellarhemisphere,vermis,medulla,t2axialmri,applicableneuroradiology,t2axialmri,applicableneuroradiology,t2axialmri,applicableneuroradiology,ethmoidsinus,sphenoidsinus,temporallobe,intcarotidartery,basilarartery,pons,4thventrical,cerebellarhemisphere,t2axialmri,applicableneuroradiology,t2axialmri,applicableneuroradiology,t2axialmri,applicableneuroradiology,frontalsinus,frontallobe,temporallobe,internalcarotid,temporaltipoflateralventricle,midbrain,occipitallobe,t2axialmri,applicableneuroradiology,t2axialmri,applicableneuroradiology,cerebralpeduncle,aqueductofsylvius,mickeymousemidbrain,t2axialmri,applicableneuroradiology,t2axialmri,applicableneuroradiology,t2axialmri,applicableneuroradiology,frontalgreymatter,frontalwhitematter,headofcaudate,anteriorhornoflatventricle,putamen,thalamus,spleniumofcc,t2axialmri,applicableneuroradiology,t2axialmri,applicableneuroradiology,t2axialmri,applicableneuroradiology,anteriorlimbinternalcapsule,externalcapsule,genuofinternalcapsule,posteriorlimbofinternalcapsule,caudatehead,putamen,globuspallidus,thalamus,t2axialmri,applicableneuroradiology,t2cornoalmri,applicableneuroradiology,t2cornoalmri,applicableneuroradiology,t2cornoalmri,cingulategyrus,hippocampus,temporallobe,sylvianfissure,superiorsaggitalsinus,basilarartery,applicableneuroradiology,mrangiogramofcerebralvessels,applicableneuroradiology,mrangiogramofcerebralvessels,applicableneuroradiology,mrangiogramofcerebralvessels,internalcarotidartery,middlecerebralartery,antcerebralartery,vertebralartery,basilarartery,applicableneuroradiology,mrangiogramofcerebralvessels,applicableneuroradiology,mrangiogramofcerebralvessels,applicableneuroradiology,mrangiogramofcerebralvessels,aca,mca,ica,vertebralartery,superiorcerebellarartery,a1segmentofaca,pca,m1-segmentofmca,applicableneuroradiology,mrvenogramofcerebralvessels,applicableneuroradiology,mrvenogramofcerebralvessels,applicableneuroradiology,mrvenogramofcerebralvessels,superiorsaggitals.,torcula,transverses.,internaljugularvein,straightsinus,applicableneuroradiology,whatistheabnormality?,applicableneuroradiology,applicableneuroradiology,largemcastroke,applicableneuroradiology,applicableneuroradiology,hemorrhagicconversion,applicableneuroradiology,applicableneuroradiology,t1axialmri,t2axialmri,decreasedsignal,increasedsignal,applicableneuroradiology,applicableneuroradiology,dwirestriction,adcmap,oldgliosis,applicableneuroradiology,applicableneuroradiology,subduralhematoma,masseffect,appl