外文翻译DSP产品的发展及应用.docx

dsp产品的发展及应用 dsp概念最早出现在上个世纪60年代，到70年代才由计算机实现部分实时处理，当时主要用于高尖端领域。由于dsp技术与大量运算相关，每秒完成百万条指令运算就变为一个新的单位mips(每秒百万条指令)。80年代，有些公司陆续设计出适合于dsp处理技术的处理器，于是dsp开始成为一种高性能处理器的名称。ti在1982年发布了第一颗dsp芯片，名为tms32010，这是一个处理速度达5个mips的处理器。dsp发展至今在全球的市场前景非常广阔，dsp产业将成为21世纪最具发展潜力的朝阳产业。 dsp可以代表数字信号处理技术，也可以代表数字信号处理器，其实两者是不可分割的，前者是理论上的技术，要通过后者变成实际产品。两者结合起来就成为解决某一实际问题和实现某一方案的手段的数字信号处理解决方案（dsps）。 dsps正在改变我们生活方式的各个方面，例如人们之间的联系方式正由电话转向个人通信方式。人类从电话发明到5千万电话用户数花了70年时间，模拟蜂窝电话达到5千万用户花了14年，而数字蜂窝电话（gsm是其中之一）只花了5年就达到相同的用户数。再如我们的娱乐方式，vcd、dvd正替代vhs录像机，数字电视机开始替代模拟的ntsc或pal制电视机。家庭影院主要由数字化a/v设备组成，dsp不仅给你环绕声，还为你虚拟各种现场效果。 dsp日益进入人们的生活，所以dsp芯片的年增长率超过50%，在最近几年整个半导体产量下降的情况下，唯有dsp芯片保持高速增长的势头。 dsp的发展面临的挑战是cpu速度的急速增快和价格的持续下降，使dsp制造商面临两种选择，一种是加快dsp的发展，另一种是退出竞争。看来主要的dsp制造商都选择了第一种路线，尤其是占全球dsp销售份额45%的美国ti公司在对公司的产品进行结构性调整的基础上，以多元化投资转到单一化投资，确立以dsps为主要发展的产品，即集所有技术、所有产品于dsp。现代数字信号处理器是执行高速数字信号处理的ic电路、它恰好适应多媒体信息化社会需求，迅速发展壮大。如今，世界电子器件市上，各种各样的dsp器件已相当丰富。大大小小封装形式的dsp器件，已广泛应用于各种产品的生产领域，而且dsp的应用领域仍在不断地扩大，发展迅速异常。一、数字化移动电话数字化移动电话尽管花样繁杂，但基本上可划为两大类：高速移动电话和低速移动电话。其中，高速移动电话顾名思义是在高速移动体里使用的电话，诸如可在飞机、轮船和汽车等里自由通话的电话。虽然数字化高速移动通过标准很多，但当今普遍应用的是欧洲gsm（global system for mobile communication）标准。自从推出数字化蜂窝式电话机以来，现已遍布全球70多个国家广泛应用。俗称gsm标准的数字化蜂窝电话，叫作数字化大哥大，它具备国际漫游（roaming）功能，simc（subscriber identification module card）给用户带来使用大哥大的方便。现正在扩展数据通信服务能力以及它与isdn系统兼容性，例如，英国bt公司的cellnet部已经利用gsm提供数字化数据和传真服务，于是东芝笔记本电脑也安上了数字化的大哥大。所谓低速移动电话，当然在高速移动体里完全不能应用，然而在步行速度下却很好用，价格远比数字化大哥大便宜，因此称为穷人的大哥大。低速移动电话就其实质而论。它是数字化无绳电话，仍然保持模拟式无绳电话的子母式结构：子机亦称为手机，可以距母机为百米左右半径内的空间里自由步行移动情况下实现通过话；母机也称为基地站，可作为家庭里的留守电话，也可悬挂在商店的墙壁上，街道的电线柱上，广为分布。由统一的交换设施进行管理，实现无缝交递（seamless hand on）功能。这类低速移动电话式标准很多。例如，欧洲较为普遍应用的deci（digital european cordless telecommunication），日本、南韩东南亚应用的phs（personal handyphone system）以及philips和我国联合开发的dcct（digital china cordless telephone）。其中，尤以phs和dect制式低速移动电话发展较快，我国的dcct由于缺乏关键性的dsp技术仍处于设计阶段。数字化移动电话（包括高速和低速）的每个手机，都要用至少1个dsp器，因此，高速发展的数字化移动电话急需极为大量的dsp器件。二、数据调制解调器众所周知，数字信号处理器的传统应用领域之一，就是调制解调器。如今，调制解调器作为联系通信与多媒体信息处理系统的纽带，日益受到重视。特别是近年来internet热潮，方兴未艾，普通百姓在internet上冲浪蔚然成风。利用pc机通过调制解调器经由电话线路，实现拨号连接internet已是最简便的访问形式。由于internet用户急剧增加，一度致使288kbps的调制解调器成为市场上的脱销产品。特别是由pc机上利用浏览程序调用活动图像信息时，期望使用数据传送速度更高的调制解调器。为适应这种新需求，国际上已制订出高速（336kbps）调制解调器国际标准。这就意味，在高速调制解调器里需要更高性能的dsp器件。这种336kbps的调制解调器（v34）是为传送数据而设计的，在此基础上发展出dsvd调制解调器，它既可传送数据又可传送声音。无疑，这样一来将需要更高功能的dsp器件。随着高性能调制解调器不断出现，似乎低速的调制解调器如像v17（144kbps）再也没有用武之地。事实上，刚刚相反，如今信息家电抬头，例如phs母机留守电话与个人fax一体化的产品大量上市。这就是说，v17（144kbps）型的调制解调器仍有市场。于是，各种调制解调器里要求的dsp也是多种多样的。三、磁盘光盘控制器需求随着多媒体信息化的发展，各种信息存储媒体产品都应运而生，诸如磁盘存储器、cdrom和dvd（digital versatile disk）rom新产品纷纷上市。今日的磁盘驱动器hdd，存储容量已相当可观，大型hdd姑且不谈，就连普通pc机的hdd的存储容量已高在1gb以上，详见照片4。小型hdd向高密度、高存储容量和高速存取方向发展，其控制器必须具备高精度和高速响应特性，它所用的dsp性能也是今非昔比，高速dsp是必不可少的关键性器件。日本的hdd技术不能超过美国，于是把主攻方向集中到光盘技术，在1996年日本第35届electronics show96上，终于把dvdrom产品公布于众。而且，日本并不以此为满足，志在夺取可擦写的dvdram。仅就dvdrom而论，单面1片12cm盘片记录47gb信息量，相当于直径12cm的软盘fd片3200张之多，比cdrom存储容量高出6倍。如此高密度的dvdrom，读出控制的精细程度可想而知。hdd和光盘机的控制器里之所以必须利用高速dsp，主要是利用其高速“积和”处理能力。因为，盘片旋转控制、磁头定位控制和光盘中的激光束聚焦控制，都是采数字伺服与系统控制技术。这是现在控制技术，建立在数学模型基础之上。通过复杂的矩阵运算实现控制。没有高速运算的dsp，是绝对不行的。四、图形图像处理需求dvd里应用的活动图像压缩解压缩用mpeg2编码译码器，同时也广泛地应用于视频点播vod、高品位有线电视和卫星广播等诸多领域。在这些领域里，应用的dsp应该具备更高的处理速度和功能。而且，活动图像压缩解压技术也日新月异，例如，dct变换域编码很难提高压缩比与重构图像质量，于是出现了对以视觉感知特性为指导的小波分析图像压缩方法。新的算法出现，要求相应的高性能dsp。最近，日本各大学和高技术企业对于开发虚拟现实vr系统，投入相当力量，利用现代计算机图像学cg生成3维图形，迫切需要多个dsp并行处理系统。其中，系统里的结点dsp单元，要求采用与并行处理相适应的体系结构。彩色静止图像压缩解压，现在普遍应用jpeg标准，其核心算法也是离散余弦变换。jpeg编码译码器的应用，除了数字化照像机之外，估计彩色打印机和彩色扫描器也将要应用。因此，对于普通dsp的用量，必将日益增长。五、汽车电子系统及其它应用领域汽车电子系统日益兴旺发达起来，诸如装设红外线和毫米波雷达，将需用dsp进行分析。如今，汽车愈来愈多，防冲撞系统已成为研究热点。而且，利用摄像机拍摄的图像数据需要经过dsp处理，才能在驾驶系统里显示出来，供驾驶人员参考。应用dsp的领域可以说是不胜枚举，电视会议系统里，也大量应用dsp器件。视听机器里也都应用dsp。随着科学技术的发展，将会出现许许多多的dsp新应用领域。development and application of dspdsp concept first appeared in the last century 60s to 70s before they achieve some real-time processing by a computer and they were used for the high frontier. as dsp technology was closed to a large number of operations，and related to the completion of millions of instructions per second operation , it made it into a new unit on the mips (millions of instructions per second). 80s, some companies one after another designed for dsp processing technology processor, then became a high-performance dsp processor name. ti released in 1982, first dsp chip, called the tms32010, this is a processing speed up to 5 mips processor. dsp development of the global market has bright prospects, dsp industry will become the most development potential in the 21st century a sunrise industry. dsp digital signal processing technology can represent, but also can represent the digital signal processor, in fact, are inseparable, the former is the theory of technology, through the latter is the actual product. the combination of the real problems on the part of the solution and implementation of a program is called a digital signal processing solutions (dsps). dsps is changing all aspects of our way of life, such as contact between people by phone turned personal communication. human from the invention of the telephone number to 5 million phone users spent 70 years up to 5 million, and analog cellular phone users spent 14 years, while digital cellular phones (gsm is one of them) only took 5 years to achieve the same number of users . another example of our entertainment, vcd, dvd is replacing vhs recorders, digital tv started ntsc or pal analog alternative system of tv. mainly by the number of home theater a / v equipment composition, dsp not only give you surround sound, but also a variety of on-site for your virtual effects. dsp increasingly comes into peoples lives, so the annual growth rate of dsp chips is more than 50% in recent years, while the semiconductor production decline, only dsp chip to maintain high growth momentum. dsp development challenge is the rapid speed of faster cpu and prices continued to drop, so dsp manufacturers face two options, one is to accelerate the development of dsp, the other is out of competition. it seems the major dsp manufacturers have chosen the first route, in particular, accounted for 45% share of global dsp sales in the united states ti companys products on the basis of structural adjustment in order to go to one of investment diversification, establishing the development of dsps as the main products, namely, has all the technology, all products in dsp. modern digital signal processors are high-speed digital signal processing ic circuit, it happens to meet the needs of multimedia information society, so it get the rapid development and growth. today, the world electronics market for a variety of dsp devices have very rich. large and small packages of dsp devices, has been widely used in various production areas, and areas of dsp applications continues to expand rapidly exception. 1、digital mobile phone digital mobile phones despite the complex pattern, but basically can be classified into two categories: high-speed mobile phones and low-speed mobile phone. the high-speed mobile phone by definition is used the body in the high-speed mobile phone, such as in aircraft, ships and cars in the free-call phone. while a standard digital high-speed mobile a lot, but in general use today is the european gsm (global system for mobile communication) standard. since the introduction of digital cellular telephones has been more than 70 countries around the world widely. digital cellular phones known as the gsm standard are called digital cellular phones, which have international roaming (roaming) function, simc (subscriber identification module card) to the user the convenience of using cellular phones. data communication services are being expanded capabilities and its compatibility with the isdn system, for example, the british ministry of bts cellnet gsm has been used to provide digital data and fax services, so also the placement of a toshiba laptop digital cell phones. the so-called low-speed mobile phone, of course, high-speed mobile body can not be applied in full, but in walking speed is very easy to use, cheaper prices than digital cell phones, so called the poor cellular phone. low-speed mobile phone is on their real terms. it is the digital cordless phone, analogue cordless phone remains the marsupial structure: sub-machine, also known as mobile phones, can be about 100 meters away from the machine tool is within a radius of space to achieve the free movement of walking through it; machine tools, also known as base station can be used as the familys staying phone can also be hung on the walls of shops, street wire column, widely distributed. by a unified exchange facilities management, seamless handover (seamless hand on) function. such a lot of low-speed mobile phone standards. for example, the more widely used in europes deci (digital european cordless telecommunication), japan, south korea, southeast asia, the application of phs (personal handy-phone system), and philips, and our joint development of dcct (digital china cordless telephone). of these, phs and dect standard low-speed mobile phone developed rapidly, chinas dcct lack of key dsp technology is still in the design stage. digital mobile phones (including high speed and low speed) for each phone to be used for at least a dsp device, therefore, the rapid development of digital mobile phones need a very large number of dsp devices.2, data modem as is well known that traditional digital signal processor applications, one is a modem. now, the modem as a connection information processing systems and multimedia communication ties, more and more attention. in recent years internet craze in full swing, the common people in the internet surfing become common practice. use of pc, via a modem via telephone lines, internet dial-up connection is to achieve the most convenient form of the visit. as internet users increased dramatically, once led to 28.8kbps modem out of stock products on the market. especially by the use of pc, visit the program calls the active image information, the expected use of higher data transfer speed of the modem. to meet this new demand has developed a high-speed international (33.6kbps) modem international standards. this means that, in the high-speed modems in need for more high-performance dsp devices. this 33.6kbps modem (v.34) it is designed for the transmission of data, on this basis developed dsvd modem, it can transfer both voice data transfer. undoubtedly, this way will require a higher function of dsp devices. with the emerging high performance modem, it seems like a low-speed modems such as v. 17 (14.4kbps) no longer useless. in fact, just the opposite, and now the rise of information appliances, such as machine tools left behind phs phones and personal fax integration products on the market. this means, v. 17 (14.4kbps) type of modem is still the market. thus, the requirements of various modems in dsp also varied. 3、disk / cd-rom controller needs with the development of multimedia information, various information storage media products emerged, such as disk storage, cd-rom and dvd (digital versatile disk)-rom of new products onto the market. todays disk drive hdd, storage capacity has been considerable, large hdd leaving aside, even the ordinary pc-hdd storage capacity has been higher than in 1gb, see photo 4. small hdd to the high-density, high storage capacity and high-speed access direction, the controller must have high precision and high-speed response characteristic, it is not what it used for dsp performance, high-speed dsp is essential for critical devices. japans hdd technology can not surpass the u.s., so the main direction of focus to the cd-rom technology, in 1996, japan electronics show96 on the 35th, and finally the dvd-rom products available to the public. moreover, japan is not satisfied, his aim was to win the rewritable dvd-ram. only in respect terms of dvd-rom, single-sided 12cm disc record a 4.7gb volume of information, equivalent to the floppy disk fd 12cm diameter 3200 film as much storage capacity than cd-rom 6 times higher. such a high density dvd-rom, read the fine degree of control can be imagined. hdd and cd rom in the controller in reason to use high-speed dsp, the use of its high-speed plot and processing power. because the disc rotation control, head positioning control and cd laser beam focus control, are adopted digital servo control technology and systems. this is the control technology which is now built on the basis of mathematical models. it needs a complex matrix operation for control., it is absolutely impossible without high-speed operation dsp.4. graphics and video processing requirements activities in the application of dvd image compression / decompression with the mpeg2 encoder / decoder, but also widely used in video on demand vod, high-grade cable and satellite broadcasting and other areas. in these areas, the application of dsp should have a higher processing speed and functionality. moreover, the active image compression / decompression technology is changing, for example, dct transform domain coding is difficult to improve the compression ratio and reconstructed image quality, so there visual perception characteristics of guided image compression method based on wavelet an