牛津英语6A6要点.doc

英语六年级上册Unit Six【词汇】1. keep 保持，维持 2. clean 干净的，整洁的3. make 使变得 4. air 空气5. dirty 肮脏的 6. smoke 烟雾7. rubbish 垃圾 8. messy 肮脏的，乱七八糟的9. dead 死的 10. bin 垃圾桶11. plant 种植，栽种 12. more 更多的13. museum 博物馆 14. throw 扔15.skin 果皮 16. ground 地面，地上17. slip 滑倒 18. fall 摔倒19. move away from 从搬走20. pick up 捡起，拾起21. factory 工厂22. Well done! 干得好，做得好。注：蓝色单词为新编教材3A至5B出现的而旧教材3A至5B中没有出现的词汇【词组与短语】1. keep our city clean 让我们的城市保持整洁2. pictures of our city 我们城市的图片 3. make the air dirty 使空气变脏4. make our city dirty 使得我们的城市变脏5. smoke from cars 从汽车里冒出的烟6. black smoke from factories 来自工厂的黑烟 7. messy and dirty 又脏又乱8. be dead 死亡9. in the water 在水里 10. take the bus/ the metro 乘坐公交/地铁11. take the+交通工具to school 乘去上学12. walk to school 步行去学校13. move away from 从搬走14. put rubbish in the bin 将垃圾放进垃圾桶15. plant more trees种植更多的树16. help do sth. 帮着做某事17. your ideas 你的主意 18. well done 干得好，做得好19. sweep the floor 扫地 20. clean the desks and chairs 擦桌椅21. throw rubbish on the floor 将垃圾扔在地上22. walk home 步行回家23. after school 放学后 24. live in the city 住在城市里25. many museums 许多博物馆 26. clean and beautiful 又干净又漂亮27. a banana skin 一块香蕉皮 28. on the ground 在地上29. pick up 捡起，拾起 30. do that 那样做31. too late 太晚了32. slip on 滑倒在上33. go to hospital 去医院看病34. Im sorry 我很抱歉 【语法知识点】1. make+复合宾语（名词或代词+形容词）表示“使变得”。如：What makes the air dirty? 什么使得空气变脏？Rubbish makes the street messy and dirty. 垃圾使得街道又脏又乱。Fruit can make us healthy and strong. 水果能使我们身体变得健康而强壮。The film made me sad. 这部电影让我看了很伤心。The monkey made the lion angry. 这猴子把狮子给惹怒了。2. keep+复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）表示“保持某人或某物的某种状态”。如：Please keep your clothes clean. 请把你的衣服保持干净。Put on this pair of gloves. They will keep your hands warm. 戴上手套。这样让你的双手保持温暖。We should keep quiet in the library. 我们在图书馆应该保持安静。I was very tired. I couldnt keep my eyes open. 我累得眼睛都睁不开了.3. 不定式短语“to”作状语，用以说明目的。例如：What can we do to keep our city clean? 为了保持我们的城市干净，我们能做些什么？We can sweep the floor to keep our classroom clean. 我们可以扫地来使得我们的教室保持干净。We can move the factories away from the city to keep the air clean. 我们可以把工厂搬出城市来使得空气保持干净。【语言知识点】1. We can move some factories away from our city. 我们可以把一些工厂从城市搬走。moveaway是“搬走”、“移走”的意思。如：Please move your car away. 请把你的车开走。2. They help keep the air clean. 它们（树）有助于保持空气清洁。此句中的keep the air clean也是动词不定式，作help的宾语。接在help后的动词不定式，通常省略to，尤其在非正式用语和口语中。如：Can you help(to)open the window?你能帮忙打开窗户吗？Let me help(to)sweep the floor.让我来帮忙打扫吧。3. I like living in the city . 我喜欢住在城市里。 在这里的living 是like 的宾语。like 接动名词形式作其宾语，意思是“喜爱”，常指经常性的喜爱。如：I like swimming 我喜欢游泳。4. Pick it up .把它捡起来。Pick up 是个由动词加副词构成的短语动词。在这类动词中，如果有宾语，可以将宾语放在副词前面，也可以将宾语放在副词后面。如： 把香蕉皮捡起来。Pick up the banana skin. = Pick the banana skin up. 把外衣穿上。Put on the coat. = Put the coat on. 但如果宾语是人称代词，就必须将它放在这副词前面。如： Pick it up . 把它捡起来。 Pick them up. 把他们捡起来。5. Billy goes to hospital .比利去医院看病。通常情况下：go to hospital 是指住院治疗或看病。 go to the hospital是指去医院探望病人或去医院上班等意思。但牛津高阶英汉双解词典（第7版）告诉我们：表示“去医院看病”时，英国英语是go to hospital ，而美国英语则是go to the hospital 。如：(英国英语) You should go to hospital. 你应该去医院看病。 She had to go to hospital. 她得去看病。 She spent two weeks in hospital. 她住院两个星期。(美国英语)You should go to the hospital . 你应该去医院看病。 She had to go the hospital. 她得去看病。 She spent two weeks in the hospital. 她住院两个星期。6. We can take the bus and the metro to school. 我们可以乘坐公交和地铁上学。We can walk to school too. 我们也可以走着去上学。上面的两句话，我们可以另外的表达方式：We can go to school by bus and metro.We can go to school on foot.再如：We can ride a bike to work. = We can go to work by bike. He often drives his car to work. = He often goes to work by car. They walk home after school. = They go home on foot after school.7. Bobby and Tina are walking home after school Bobby 和Tina放学后正走回家。 walk home “走回家”的意思。英语中，像go, come, walk, get(到达)等词是不及物动词，后面不能直接跟宾语，如果要说“去什么地方”，那么后面要加“to + (the) 地点”。例如：go to school, walk to the bookshop。当后面跟副词时，不能跟to或the。如：go home, walk there, come here, get home(到家)。而home除了副词词性外，还有名词词性。当home作副词时，意为“到家，回家”。Home作名词时，意为“家，家乡”等意思。如：go to his home, come to my home此时home前有形容词性物主代词his/my修饰，是名词，所以前面要加上to。8. Is the city clean? 城市干净吗？We can clean the desks and chairs. 我们可以把课桌椅擦干净。第一句中clean是形容词，意为：清洁的，干净的，整洁的；反义词为dirty；第二句中clean是动词，意为：打扫，擦干净，清除等。例如：The river is very clean. The children can swim in it. 这条河很干净，孩子们可以在里面游泳。Did you clean your room? 你打扫房间了吗？9. 本单元新增了一些动词，它们的过去式有必要记一记：keep kept, take took, put put, make made, throw threw, sweep swept, fall fell, move moved, plant planted, slip slipped【语音】英语的语调总的特点是，全句的调子一般都是由高逐渐降低，语调主要表现在句末，升调和降调通常分别用“”和“”来表示。升调常用来表示不肯定语意未完，或表示礼貌，常有含蓄、委婉、安慰、虚心征 求意见等意味。升调的用法可归纳为以下五种情况：一般疑问句通常用升调。Ishemakingakite? Aretheycleaningtheclassroom?Does helikeswimming?.数数、列举事物或列举一连串的动作时，除最后那个并列成分用降调外，前面所有的并列 成分都要用升调。 Letscountournewbooks.One,two,three,four,five.Oh,we havefivenewbooks. Wedlikeabottleofcoke,twobottlesofapplejuice,ahamburgerandtwocakes. Johnlikesrunning,swimmingandskating.Hegotup,gotdressed,brushedhisteeth,washedhisface,hadhisbreakfast,andthenquicklywenttoschool. Theoldmancamein,askedforacupofteaandsatdownatatable.选择疑问句的语调分为两个部分，or前的部分用升调，or后的部分用降调，记成“前升后降”。 Isheranswerrightorwrong?Weretheyinthehighjumporthelongjump? Wouldyoulikeacupofteaoraglassofmilk? 反意疑问句的语调也得分两种情况：若说话者对所陈述的内容没有把握，想询问对方这一句是否正确，则陈述句部分用降调，简略问句用升调；若说话者对所陈述的内容已经很有把握，只是想要对方同意自己的观点，或是想从对方那里得到证实，则前后两部分都用降调。-Yourun