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Chapter5AutomobileReceptionandMaintenanceEnglish第五章汽车接待与维修实用英语,Section1ReceptionistEnglish第一节前台接待英语Section2MaintenanceReceptionEnglish第二节接待英语Section3ReadingMaterialsofAutomobileMaintenance第三节资料选读Section4ReadingMaterialsofPresentAutomobileTechnology第四节技术资料选读,Section1ReceptionistEnglish第一节前台接待英语,LessonOneIntroductionofNewModels第一课车款推介LessonTwoNegotiationofPrice第二课价格讨论LessonThreeTermsofPayment第三课支付方式,LessonOneIntroductionofNewModels第一课车款推介,Dialogue1对话1Dialogue2对话2Dialogue3对话3NEWWORDSANDEXPRESSIONSNOTES,A:NowIdliketoshowyouthenewmodel,2000ToyotaLandcruiserA:现在我向您介绍一款新车,丰田巡洋舰2000。B:oh,itlooksniceB:很漂亮。A:Yes,IbetyoulllikeitmoreaftermyintroductionItsPowerSteeringwithAlloyWheelsCruiseControl,4WheelDriveA:我肯定在听完我的介绍之后您会更喜欢它。它带动力转向的合金车轮,有巡航系统和四轮驱动。B:VerygoodCouldyoutellmemoreaboutthespecificationsofthismodel?B:很好。你能告诉我关于这款车更多的特点吗?,Dialogue1对话1,A:SureAsyoucanseeitsofsportsutilitybodystylewithMahoghanyexterior,4.7LiterV8engineA:当然。它的发动机是4.7V8发动机。正如您所见,这辆车有红褐色运动型的外壳,非常好看。B:IlikeitverymuchWhatstheprice?B:我非常喜欢。它的售价是多少呢?A:49975.00A:49975.00美元。B:Anydiscount?B:能打折吗?A:Yes,Wecanofferyou50ffA:可以,我们可以给您打9.5折。B:GoodIlltakeitB:好的,那我就买吧。,Dialogue2对话2,A:Thisway,Mr.SmithWhatdoyouthinkaboutournewmodelAudiA6Quattro?A:请这边,史密斯先生。你觉得我们的新型号奥迪A6Quattor如何?B:oh,itlooksgoodButIdliketoknowsomethingaboutitsfeatureB:看上去不错。但是我想多了解一些它的特性。A:Itsautotransmissionand4wheeldrivewithpowerbrakesLetmetellyoumorespecificationTheMileageis14415Theengine,4.2LiterV6Thepriceis27299.00IthinkitsquiteagoodcarA:这辆车带有动力制动器的自动变速器和四轮驱动。让我告诉你更多它的特性:这辆车行驶了14415英里,4.2V6发动机,售价是27299美元。我觉得这是一辆很好的车。,B:Yes,IthinksoButIdliketolookaroundandmakeadecisionafterseeingsomeothermodelsB:是的,我也这么想。但我还是想看看周围其他的型号然后再下决定。A:SureA:好的。,Dialogue3对话3,A:Areyouinterestedinournewmodel?Wouldyouliketoknowmoreaboutit?A:你对我们这款新车有兴趣吗?要多了解一下吗?B:Yes,IwouldButdoesithaveAnti-LockBrakesandAutoTransmission?B:好的。它有防抱死刹车装置和自动变速器吗?A:Yes,ofcourseAndalsowiththeotherfeaturessuchasDualAirBage,TiltWheelandPowerLocksEtc.A:当然有。而且还有其他的特性,如双层气囊、可调式车轮和驱动力差速锁等。B:PerfectIloveitthinkIlltakethisoneB:太好了,我很喜欢。我想买这辆。A:ThankyouA:谢谢。,NEWWORDSANDEXPRESSIONS:,NOTES:,LessonTwoNegotiationofPrice第二课价格讨论,Dialogue1对话1Dialogue2对话2Dialogue3对话3Dialogue4对话4NEWWORDSANDEXPRESSIONSNOTES,Dialogue1对话1,A:Howmuchisthisnewmodel675?A:这款新的675多少钱?B:Its465,000YuanB:465000元。A:IlikethiscarverymuchbutitsbitexpensiveformeCanyougivemediscotmt?A:噢。我很喜欢这辆车,但价钱有点贵,能打折吗?B:Well,thisisthenewestmodelandverypopularIthinkitsworthB:这是最新的款式,而且非常受欢迎,我觉得这个价格很合理。A:Ok,IllthinkaboutitA:好吧。我再考虑一下。,Dialogue2对话2,A:YoucouldsavealotifyouwouldorderalittlemoleA:如果你多定一点可以省不少的钱。B:Howcouldwedothat?B:怎么说呢?A:WeofferadiscountforlargeordersA:我们对大量订购有折扣。B:LetmetakeanotherlookatourrequirementsB:那我得看看我们的需要量了。,Dialogue3对话3,A:Wecanoffera10discountforordersover10000piecesA:订购10000个以上,我们可以打九折。B:ImnotsurewecanusethatmanyB:我怕我们用不了那么多。A:ItwouldrepresentquiteasavingsA:这省下的可是一笔不少的钱哩。B:ok,IllseewhatICandoB:好吧,我考虑考虑吧。,Dialogue4对话4,A:Whyaretherethreepricesquotedforthispart?A:这种零件为什么有3种不同的报价?B:TheyrepresentthepricesfordifferentquantitiesB:不同的量有不同的价钱。A:IseeA:原来如此。B:Themoreyouorder,themoreyouwiltsaveB:订购越多,优惠越多。,NEWWORDSANDEXPRESSIONS:,NOTES:,LessonThreeTermsofPayment第三课支付方式,Dialogue1对话1Dialogue2对话2Dialogue3对话3NEWWORDSANDEXPRESSIONSNOTES,Dialogue1对话1,A:LetsdiscussthetermsofpaymentA:我们谈一下支付方式吧。B:Well,doyouacceptcreditcardsorIshouldpayincash?B:好的。你们接受信用卡付款还是现金?A:Yes,eitherisOKAndyoucanpaybyinstallmentThefirstinstallmentshouldbepaidaweekbeforetheshipmentThesecondonewouldbepaid1daybeforetheshipmentThenpaythelastinstallmentwhenyougetthecarA:当然,两种方式都可以。您还可以采取分三期付款方式:第一期在汽车运送之前1星期,第二次于运送前1天,最后,在收到车后付清其余的款项。B:ThatsverygoodB:好的,Dialogue2对话2,A:IveoneproposaltomakeonthemodeofpaymentA:对于我们的支付方式,我有一个建议。B:Whatsit?B:什么建议?A:OurbusinessisconcludedbywayofL/CFranklyspeaking,aletterofcreditwillraisethecostsofmygoodsIheardyouwouldacceptdifferentkindsofpaymentsA:我们的交易是用信用证支付的,也就是说这会增加我的货物成本,我听说有其他的方式支付。B:ThatstrueButwecantdoitPaymentbyL/CisourusualpracticeofdoingbusinessB:是的。不过我们不能这么做。信用证支付是我们一向做生意的惯例。,A:Wouldyouconsideranotherwayofpayment?OtherwiseIwouldprobablystopthebusinessA:那你考虑一下吧。否则我要考虑终止和你的交易了。B:OKIllthinkaboutthatandtalktoyoulaterB:那好,我考虑后再和你联系。,Dialogue3对话3,A:ImgladourbusinessisgoingquitesmoothlyA:很高兴我们的生意进行地如此顺利。B:YesButisitOKIpaybyBankersTransfer?B:是啊。我能通过银行汇款付款吗?A:Sony,ImafraidnotWeacceptpaymentsincashorbycreditcardonlyA:不好意思,恐怕不行。我们只接受现金和信用卡付款。B:Oh,IdontthinkIhaveenoughcashwithmeandIhavenocreditcardB:噢,我现在没有足够的现金,而且也没有信用卡。,A:WehaveinstallmentpaymentthatcanhelpyouThedownpaymentis1/3ofthepriceA:那可以采用分期付款方式。您只要先付1/3的订金就行。B:ThatsgreatIllpaythedownpaymentnowB:太好了。那我现在就付订金。,NEWWORDSANDEXPRESSIONS:,NOTES:,Section2MaintenanceReceptionEnglish第二节汽车维修接待英语,LessonOneReplyforCustomersComplain第一课接受顾客投诉LessonTwoVisitingMaintenance第二课登门维修LessonThreeUsersFeedback第三课用户反馈,LessonOneReplyforCustomersComplain第一课接受顾客投诉,DialogueNEWWORDSANDEXPRESSIONSNOTES,Dialogue对话,Manager:Hello,ThisisSalesDepartment,NewCenturyAutomobileCompany您好,新世纪汽车公司销售部。Customer:ImafraidIhavetomakeacomplaintwithyourcorporationItsamostunpleasantincident我得向你公司提出投诉,这并不是一件令人高兴的事情。Manager:Oh,whatisitabout?Imsosorrytohearthat什么事?真遗憾听到此事。,Customer:Yes,Iorderedasetofwheelalignmenttheotherday1receivedandafterIexaminedthemonebyone,IfoundthattheremustbesomethingwrongwiththerelatedcornputerbecauseitcantgiveanysignalThats。why1wanttoseethemanager确实是这样的,前几天我订购了一套四轮定位仪,等我收到后逐个检查时,我发现配套的计算机屏幕一点信号都没有。这就是我要见经理的原因。Manager:Iamsureeverythingisa11rightwiththatshipmentYouseeIknowyoureourregularcustomeranditisthefirsttimeformetomeetwithsuchaninconvenientthing我肯定那批货的装运一切都是正常的。我们是老交易了,这你是知道的,我也是第一次遇到这类问题。Customer:1wantt0returnthis我要退货。,Manager:Withoutsufficientevidencetosupport,yourclaimisuntenableIfwewereatfault。weshouldbeverygladtocompensateforyourloss你必须有足够的证据。如果责任在我方,我们当然乐意赔偿你方损失。Customer:Whatsyouropinion?您的意见如何?Manager:ImterriblysorryaboutthatMayIknowyournameandaddress,sir?Illcheckitandsendarepairmantoyoursideatonce真的很抱歉,请问您的姓名及地址,等我核实后,我会立即派修理工去你那里处理此事。Customer:ThisisEdwardJohnson,fromNo120,RoseAvenue我叫爱德华约翰森,露丝大街120号。,NEWWORDSANDEXPRESSIONS:,NOTES:,NOTES:,LessonTwoVisitingMaintenance第二课登门维修,DialogueNEWWORDSANDEXPRESSIONSNOTES,Dialogue对话,Customer:Youvefinallyarrived你们终于来了。Repairman:Whatsthematter?什么问题?Customer:Ithinksomethingmustbewrongwiththecomputerforwheelalignmentbecausethereisnosignalonthescreen我想四轮定位仪的计算机一定出了故障,因为屏幕上没有任何信号。Repairman:Oh,theenginewentdead发动机不转了。,Repairman:Weres0sorryt0havecausedyousomuchinconvenienceandwehavetoreplaceitLetmehavealookatyourwarrantycertificate?对不起,给您带来了诸多不便,我们得更换它。可以看一下您的保修单吗?Customer:Hereitis给你。Repairman:Well,yourwarrantyisexpiredWehavetochargefortheparts哦,抱歉您的保修期已过,所更换的配件需要付款。Customer:Thatsallright,Weredyingforthenormalworkconditionatanyexpense没有关系,只要能修好就行。Severalminuteslater,Therepairmanreplacedthewrongunit几分钟后,修理工更换了坏的部件。,Repairman:ItsOK,youcanturnonthepowernow好了,您可以开机了。Customer:Iappreciateyourcominghereintime感谢你们及时维修。Repairman:Ifanythingiswrongwithyourcomputer,donthesitatet0callusamomentandwereatyourservice如果电脑再出现什么问题,请立刻打电话给我们,我们随时为您效劳。Customer:Thankyou谢谢。Repairman:Mypleasure不客气。,NEWWORDSANDEXPRESSIONS:,NOTES:,NOTES:,LessonThreeUsersFeedback第三课用户反馈,DialogueNEWWORDSANDEXPRESSIONSNOTES,Dialogue对话,Salesman:Hello,ThisisNewCenturyAutomobileCompanyImcallingtoknowwhethereverythinghasgonewellwithyourcomputer您好,这里是新世纪汽车公司。不知您的计算机现在运转是否正常。Customer:ThanksalotItworksexcellentlyafterbeingrepaired非常感谢,维修之后一切正常。Salesman:ImveryhappytohearyousaysoandIdohopetheminorproblemdidntcauseyoumuchinconvenience很高兴听您这么说,但愿这一小问题没有给您带来太多不便。,Customer:ThankyouverymuchforyourgoodserviceImsureyourcompanywillbemakingmoremoney谢谢你们真诚的服务,我相信贵公司生意会更加红火。Salesman:ItisalwaysourpolicytogivereliableandsatisfactoryservicestoourclientsLetsfindoutwhatyoulikebydoingamarketresearchanditwillgiveusanindication给顾客提供优质、满意的服务是我们的宗旨。让我们做个市场调查吧,我想这将帮助公司成长。Customer:Ok,IfeeltheheightofthecomputeristoohighthatIhavet0operatebystanding我认为电脑的高度太高以致我只能站着操作。Salesman:Itsagoodsuggestion,1llreporttothemanagerrightnow!这是个很好的建议,我会立即向经理汇报。,Customer:Irecommendapleasantcolortomatchwiththehousescolor我建议色泽要好看一些,并且与房子的颜色要匹配。Salesman:Thankyouforyourwarm-heartedreplyIfeelmoreoptimisticandmoreconfidentaboutourrelationsinthefuture谢谢您热情的回答。我对我们未来的合作更加乐观和充满信心。Customer:Itsjustmyownopinion,Idlikeyoutothinkitover这仅仅是我个人的观点,希望你们能够再考虑一下。Salesman:WelIgointoitfurther,andletyouknowwhatdecisionwereach我们会做深入的调查,并且把我们的决定告诉您。Customer:Ishallbegladtohearfromyou我会很乐意听到你们的决定。Salesman:Thankyou,bye-bye!谢谢,再见!Customer:Seeyoulater再见,NEWWORDSANDEXPRESSIONS:,NOTES:,NOTES:,Section3ReadingMaterialsofAutomobileMaintenance第三节汽车维修资料选读,LessonOneEngineTroubleshooting第一课发动机故障诊断与维修LessonTwoFuelInjectionManual第二课燃油喷射系统维修手册LessonThreeAutomobileTestingEquipment第三课汽车检测设备,LessonOneEngineTroubleshooting第一课发动机故障诊断与维修,Engineoverheatin发动机过热CleaningtheCoolingSystem冷却系的清洗HighOilConsumption机油消耗过多LOWOilPressure机油压力过低ChassisandEngineVibration底盘和发动机振动AbnormalEngineNoisesandtheirCauses发动机异响及其原因NEWWORDSANDEXPRKSSIONS:PHRASESNotesontheText,Engineoverheatin发动机过热,Therearemanyconditionsoftheautomobilethatresultinoverheating,andthedegreeofoverheatingisindicatedbythetemperaturegaugeontheinstrumentpanelSomeconditionswillcauseonlyaslightchangeintherecordedtemperature,othercauseswillresultinarapidriseintemperatureandviolentboilingofthecoo1antStillotherswhilecausingonlyaslightincreaseinrecordedtemperature,whilewillbemorenoticeableinengineperformance汽车在很多工况下都会有发动机过热产生,此时的温度会则在仪表板上的温度表中显示。有些工况会引起发动机温度的微小变化,而另外工况则会引起发动机温度迅速上升并使得冷却水剧烈沸腾。同时也有些工况会对发动机温度上升稍有影响,但对发动机性能影响会更显著。,Whentroubleshootingthecauseforoverheatingandconsequent1ossofCoolant,the6rststepistomakecarefulvisualinspectiontoseeifthereisanyevidenceofexternal1eakageA1lsurfacesoftheradiatoranditshoseconnectionsshouldbecarefullyinspectedLeaksgenerallycausecorrosion,whichiseasilyseenTheVisualinspectionalsomustincludethecoolingfananditsdrivebeltItisnottoounusualforcrackstoformintheenginewaterjacketWhencracksoccur,theconditionisusuallyindicatedbyextremeoverheatingThecrackisoftendifficulttolocate,becauseitisnotalwaysvisibletothenakedeyeTheconditionisalsocomplicatedbythefactthatthecrackusuallywillclosewhentheengineiscold,andopenonlywhentheengineisatoperatingtemperature当要查找引起发动机过热和随之而来的冷却水丧失的原因时,,首先要进行仔细的外观检查,确保是否有外部泄漏问题。对散热器的所有表面和软管连接处进行仔细的检查。冷却水泄漏处通常有锈蚀,这容易被看到。同时也要对冷却水风扇和驱动皮带进行外观检查。发动机水套的开裂也偶尔存在。当开裂发生时,发动机就会表现出过热。水套开裂一般很难被查找到,因为对肉眼而言通常是不可见的。发动机冷态时开裂处闭合,只有在发动机热态时开裂处才开启,所以寻找开裂处会很复杂。,冷却系的清洗HighOilConsumption,Unlessveryseverelycloggedwithrustandhardscale,coolingsystemscanbecleanedwithspecialchemicalsdesignedforthepurposeTheprocedureistofillthesystemwithwater,thenputinthechemicalThechemical,afterdissolvingtherustandscale,isflushedfromthesystemInseverecasesofc1oggedradiatorsitisnecessarytoremovethemandhavethemcleanedbyspecializedequipment冷却系内除非已被铁锈和水垢严重堵塞,否则可以使用特殊的化学物质来清洗。先给冷却系加注水,然后加入化学物质。化学物质将铁锈和水垢溶解,之后被水冲洗掉。散热器严重阻塞时,可将散热器拆卸,并用专门的设备对散热器进行清理。,HighOilConsumption机油消耗过多,QuiteoftenhighoilconsumptionisblamedonthepistonringsWhilewornpistonringsandcylinderwallsdocauseincreasedoilconsumption,thereareagreatnumberofotherthingsthatcouldbeatfault,eithersinglyorincombinationWornvalveguidesarealsoafrequentcauseofhighoilconsumptionWhenoilisbeingconsumedbypassingthroughtheengine,itusuallywillcauseheavybluesmoketocomefromtheexhaust,particularlyaftertheenginehasidledforseveralminutes通常认为机油消耗过多归咎于活塞环。活塞环和气缸壁的磨损确实会引起机油消耗过多,但还有很多其他零部件单独或同时出现故障也导致机油消耗过多。气门导管磨损也时常引起机油消耗过大。润滑油窜到燃烧室燃烧时,通常会产生浓的蓝烟从排气管中排出,这种现象在发动机怠速了一段时间后更加明显。,LOWOilPressure机油压力过低,Inmostcasesoflowoilpressure,thepressureissatisfactorywhentheengineisfirststartedup,thenitdropsastheenginewarmsupThisconditionisalmostpositiveproofthatexcessiveclearanceexistsatsomepoint,orpoints,suchasconnectingrodbearings,mainbearings,camshaftbearings,etcWhencold,theoilhasthickenedanddoesnotflowasreadilythroughtheclearanceWhentheoilheatsupandthinsout,itflowsthroughthewornbearingssofastthatthepumpcannotmaintainsufficientpressure多数机油压力偏低的情况是:发动机冷起动时,压力合格,当发动机走热后,压力下降。这肯定说明在某处或多处间隙过大,如在连杆轴承、主轴承、凸轮轴承等地方。冷态时,机油粘度大,不容易流人这些间隙。机油温度上升时,粘度下降,机油很快流人磨损的轴承,油泵不能维持足够的油压。,ChassisandEngineVibration底盘和发动机振动,ConsiderthecasewherethereisapronouncedvibrationinthecaratacertainspeedrangeFirstofallitisnecessarytodeterminewhethertheunbalanceisintheengineorthechassisOrbothIfitisintheengine,orthepartsthatrotatewiththeengine,thevibrationshouldoccuratthecriticalenginespeedwhenthecarisnotinmotionIfitisinthechassis,itwilloccuronlywhentheearisoperatedatthecriticalspeedItismostlikelytobefoundinthechassis,becausetheengineassemblyiscarefullybalancedatthefactoryOut-of-balancetiresandpropellershaftsarethemostcommoncausesofchassisvibration假如汽车在一定的速度范围内产生明显的振动。首先有必要,是发动机内还是底盘处或是两者同时出现了不平衡。如果振动是在发动机内产生,则当汽车停止而零件随着发动机旋转时,振动应该在发动机的某个临界转速下产生。如果振动在底盘,则只有当汽车达到了某个临界速度时发生。通常振动出现在底盘,因为发动机总成在出厂前已经被仔细地平衡过。轮胎和传动轴动不平衡是底盘振动的最常见原因。,AbnormalEngineNoisesandtheirCauses发动机异响及其原因,Thefollowinglistingwillpointoutthemostcommoncausesofsounditselfandwhatmustbedonetoeliminatethem下面列举了产生各种异响的常见原因及其排除方法。1.PistonslapisaverycommonnoisemostnoticeablewhenanengineiscoldApistonthatslapsagainstthecylinderwallproducesahollow,muffled,belllikeSoundquiteaudiblewhenanengineisoperatingunderloadatlowrpmPistonslapresultsfromwornpistonsorcylinders,collapsedpistonskirts,excessivepiston-to-cylinderwallclearance,misalignedconnectingrods,oralackoflubricatingoilTherefore,inordertocorrectpistonslap,itwillbenecessarytoreplacedorresizethe,pistons,reborethecylinderorreplacethesleeves,replaceorrealigntherods,oraddoiltotheengine1.活塞敲缸是非常常见的异响噪声,尤其在发动机冷态时最明显。活塞敲击气缸壁产生了一种空的,沉闷的,敲钟状的声音,当发动机在低速带负荷下非常容易听得见。活塞敲缸声是因活塞或气缸的磨损、活塞裙部变形、活塞与气缸壁间间隙过大、连杆变形、以及润滑油不足等而产生的。所以,为解决敲缸声音,有必要更换或改变活塞尺寸,镗缸或更换缸套,更换或校正连杆,或给发动机加机油。,2.Anabnormalsoundoriginatingfromsomeformofpiston-ringproblemisaudibleduringengineaccelerationTocorrectthecauseofringnoise,itmaybenecessary,therefore,toreplacetherings,thepistons,orthesleevesorreborethecylinders2.当发动机加速时会产生明显的来自活塞环的噪声。为解决活塞环噪声问题,有必要更换活塞环、活塞、缸套或对气缸进行镗缸。,3.AsoundnotfrequentlyheardinanengineisthatofapistonringstrikingtheringridgeatthetopofthecylinderThisparticularproblemcausesaverydistinctandhigh-pitched,metallicrappingorclickingnoiseaudibleatallenginespeedsbutparticularlyondecelerationTorepairthecauseofthissound,itwillbenecessarytoreplacethepistonpinorconnectingrodbearings3.发动机内有种不常见的异响是活塞到达气缸上止点时活塞环敲击活塞环槽造成的。这种特殊故障会引起一阵清晰高音的金属敲击声,它在发动机的各个速度范围内均产生,尤其在发动机减速时明显。为排除这种噪声,有必要更换活塞销或连杆轴承。,4.Apiston-pinknockisnoticeablemostofthetimewhenanengineisidlingPistonpinnoiseisusuallytheresult。ofawornpistonpin,piston-pinboss,pinbushing,oralackofoilTocorrectthisproblem,installoversizepins,replacethebushingsandpins,orservicetheenginewithoil4.活塞销敲击声在发动机怠速时显而易见。活塞销噪声通常是由活塞销磨损、活塞销座孔磨损、销轴瓦磨损或机油缺乏等原因引起的。安装大尺寸的活塞销,更换销轴瓦和销,或给发动机添加机油能排除这种故障。,5.Anabnormalnoisethatisaudiblewhentheengineisrunningatspeedsabove35milesperhour(mph)withoutaloadisusuallytheresultoflooseconnecting-rodbearingsLooserodbearingscausealighttoheavyknockorpound,dependingonhowbadlythebearingsarewornConnectingrodbearingnoisecanbeduetoawornbearing,crankpin,misalignedrod,orlackofoilTocorrectthenoise,itwillbenecessarytoreplacethebearings,serviceorreplacethecrankshaft,realignorreplacetherod,orservicetheenginewithoil5.发动机在无负荷下运行,若活塞线性速度超过35英里小时就产生噪声,则通常是由连杆轴承松动造成的。随连杆轴承磨损程度不同,松动的连杆轴承会引起不同轻重的碰撞声。连杆轴承、曲柄销磨损,连杆弯曲或缺乏机油都会引起连杆噪声。这种故障可通过更换连杆轴承、维修或更换曲轴,校正或更换连杆,以及添加发动机润滑油等方法来排除。,6.AnabnormalnoisethatisaudibleuponengineaccelerationunderloadisusuallytheresultofaloosecrankshaftmainorthrustbearingMainorthrustbearingnoiseisusuallytheresultofwornbearings,crankshaftjournals,oralackofoilTocorrectthisnoise,itwillbenecessarytoreplacethebearings,crankshaft,orServicetheenginewithoil6.发动机在带负荷下加速时产生的噪声通常是曲轴主轴承或推力轴承松动引起的。主轴承或推力轴承噪声通常是由于轴承磨损、曲轴轴颈磨损,以及缺乏机油等引起的。为解决此故障,有必要更换轴承、曲轴,以及添加发动机润滑油等来实现。,7.AlooseVibrationdamperorflywheelcanalsocauseabnormalenginenoisesThissoundismorenoticeableduringengineaccelerationfromidleunderloadoratanunevenidlebutitislessapparentathigherenginerpmorduringsmootherengineoperationAlooseflywheel,ontheotherhand,setsupeitheraheavythumporalightknockatthebackoftheengine,dependingupontheamountofplaytheflywheelhasandthetypeofengineYoucandetectalooseflywheelbyshuttingofftheignitionswitchatidleandthenturningitonagainjustbeforetheenginestopsrotatingAlso,operatingtheclutchpedal,atthesametimethenoiseisaudibleatrunningspeeds,willvarythesoundenoughsothatitiseasiertoidentifyandthenlocateitssource7.减振器或飞轮松动也会引起发动机异响产生。发动机在怠速下加速,或怠速不匀时这种声音非常明显,但在发动机高速或发动,机平稳运转时不明显。换句话说,随飞轮的重量和发动机类型的不同,飞轮松动时,会对发动机后端产生轻重不同的敲击。可通过在发动机怠速时断开点火开关,并在发动机将近停止时接通点火开关来查看是否有飞轮松动产生。踩动离合器踏板,同时噪声仍然听的见,离合器动作改变了噪音的大小,使得辨认这种异响变得容易,然后定位出噪声部位。,8.ExcessiveclearanceintheValvetrainproducesanoisethatisusuallymoreapparentduringengineidlerpmthananyothertimeValve-trainnoiseisbroughtaboutbyimpropervalveadjustment,wornordamagedparts,dirtyhydrauliclifter,orlackofcleanlubricatingoilInordertocorrectthecauseofthenoise,itwillbenecessarytoadjustthevalves,replacewornordamagedparts,cleanorreplacethelifters,orservicetheengineslubricationsystem8.配气机构间隙过大会产生噪声,这种声音在发动机怠速下更为明显。配气机构噪声是因气门调整不正确、气门部件磨损或损坏、液压挺杆污染以及润滑油杂质过多等而产生的。在排除这种噪声时,有必要调整气门、更换磨损或损坏的零件、清洗或更换挺杆,或维修发动机润滑系。,9.Theoneabnormalsoundunrelatedtoworn,damaged,loose,ormaladjustedenginepartsisdetonationknockThenoiseismostnoticeableduringaccelerationwiththeengineunder1oadandoperatingatnormaltemperatureExcessivedetonationisveryharmfultotheengine,andyoushoulddoeverythingpossibletocorrectthecauseassoonaspossibleDetonationknockinanengineisusuallytheproductofadvancedignitiontiming,excessivecarbonbuildupinthecombustionchambers,oruseoftoolowanoctanefuelTocorrectthismalfunctioncheckthedistributorsadvancemechanisms,checkandresettheignitiontiming,decarbonizetheengine,orrecommendachangeinfueltoonewithahigheroctanerating9.与零件磨损、损坏、松动或发动机零件调整不当等无关的不正常噪声是爆震。在发动机带负荷正常工作温度的条件下,车辆加,速时这种噪声最明显。爆震过严重对发动机损坏非常大,这时应想尽一切办法,尽快地排除故障。发动机爆震敲击声通常是因点火提前、燃烧室内积炭过多以及燃料油的辛烷值过低等而产生的。为排除这种故障,需要检查分电器点火提前装置,检查和重新进行点火正时,去除发动机积碳,建议换用较高辛烷值燃油。,NEWWORDSANDEXPRKSSIONS:,PHRASES,NotesontheText,NOTE1Therearemanyconditionsoftheautomobileth

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