概要写作写作指导.doc

概要写作写作指导 篇一：周永鹏 概要写作 教学设计概要写作 教学设计台州一中 周永鹏Learning Goals:1. Learn about the main features of an exposition2. Learn how to find the main points in each paragraph3. Learn to use various ways to express the main points4. Learn to use transition to make the summary coherent5. Learn to use checklist to make comment on a summary6. Learn about the importance of safe drivingTeaching Procedure:Step 1 Lead-inT: First, I want to show you some pictures. What do you think of these traffic accidents?S: Traffic accidents are dangerous.T: Yes, they are not only dangerous but also very common. According to a survey, most causes of traffic accidents are related with drivers. Can you list some reasons?S: Speeding; Tired driving; Drunk driving; Careless driving; Using cell phones while drivingStep2 Determine the text type and main aspect of each paragraphT: Today we will focus on a passage on a social phenomenon, which is using cell phones while driving. Do you think what aspects will be mentioned in the passage?S: cause; effect; solution; opinion and so on.Cause: Not mentionedNegative effect: Para2Solution: Para3/4Opinion: Para1/5T: What is the style of the passage?S: A. Narration(记叙) B. Exposition(说明) C. Argumentation(议论)Step3 Display the basic requirement of a summaryA Summary Writing on Using cell phones while driving should be:1. Complete (完整)It includes all the main & supporting points using your own words.2. Concise (简洁)It omits unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other unimportant information; (40 80 words)3. Coherent (连贯)It is a paragraph with necessary transitions to make it flow.4. Correct (正确)It should be written in a grammatically correct way5. Objective (客观)It doesnt contain your own ideas or emotions on the topic.Step4 Find the main points and make the outlinePara 1&5: authors opinionPara1 Cell phones are used everywhere, but John Andretti says, “Driving safely is your first responsibility.”Para 2: negative effectPara2 The New England Journal of Medicine reported that “” The major problem is that the driver is not focused on the road, but on his or her conversation. Cell phone drivers are very unpredictable: they drive too fast or too slow, make improper turns, run red lights, and even stop at green ones. Its not only annoying; its dangerous. Accidents related to cell phones include rear-ending other vehicles, running off a road and crashing into trees, fences, and buildings, and even turning over.Para 3&4: solutionPara3 In October at the California Traffic Safety Summit, experts showed that “cell phones used by drivers lead to at least 1,000 deaths per year in California.” These are the same problems that occur with drunk driving, which is against the law and strictly enforced(强制执行 American Automobile Association recommends that drivers pull off the road before using a cell phone, have a passenger use it for them, or use voice mail to answer calls. Another suggestion is to keep the phone off while moving or simply not to use it in the car. Before using a cell phone, drivers should ask themselves, “Is this call really that important?”Outline:Point1：Cell phones used on the road are a dangerous distraction to drivers and should be forbidden.Point2：Drivers using a cell phone were more likely to have an accident than those not using a phone.Point3：Government needs law that restrict the use of cell phones in cars.Point4：Until we take action to pass new laws, drivers at least need to be more responsible when using cell phones.Point5：Cell phones can be a very important link in emergencies, but drivers need to use them wisely. The best road to safety is to just hang up and drive.Step5 Practice different ways to express the same messagePoint1：Cell phones used on the road are a dangerous distraction to drivers and should be forbidden.(同义转换) a dangerous distraction to:1. distract the drivers attention2. cause/contribute to/bring about harmful distraction to3. drivers tend to be distracted(同义转换) using cell phones while driving should be forbidden:1. phones shouldnt be allowed on the road2. put a ban on using phones on the road3. should be prevented from using phones(同义转换) Cell phones used on the road are a dangerous distraction to drivers and should be forbidden.1. Using cell phones while driving can distract the drivers attention and should be banned.2. Cell phones shouldnt be allowed on the road because they cause harmful distraction to drivers.3. Drivers should be prevented from using cellphones while driving because they tend to be distracted.Step6 Have a try to write a summaryStep7 Learn to use transition to make the summary coherentUsing cell phones while driving can distract the drivers attention and should be banned. Drivers have a higher rate of accidents due to a lack of concentration on the road. 1_, we need law to limit the cell phones use. 2_, they should use cell phones in a more responsible way. 3_, cell phones are important and should be used wisely. We had better not use them while driving. (75 words)Transition：1.后果与措施之间：1) therefore; so（连词）2) to solve the problem; to handle this case; to deal with itto reduce accidents/death; because the accidents happen frequently; because of the large number of accidents; because of the bad effect（问题出发）3) to make driving safe; to ensure driving safety（安全目的）2.措施与措施之间:1. as for drivers; 2. before laws are carried out/come out/passed/introduced/put into effect3.正文与结尾之间: in conclusion; all in all; to sum up; in a wordStep 8 Learn to use checklist to make comment on a summary典型错误分析Cell phones are a dangerous distraction to drivers and should be forbidden. The rate of the accidents increases because the drivers pay little attention on the road while use phones. It leads to various accidents include running off a road and crashing intotrees, fences, and buildings. California will use law to limit the use of phones in cars because it causes more than 1, 000 deaths per year. Drivers should take the responsible to use phones safely and wisely. After all, we only have one life at all. (89words)篇二：周永鹏 概要写作 教学材料概要写作 教学材料台州一中 周永鹏 2016.6.15Cell phones are used everywhere, but on the road they are a dangerous distraction(令人分心的事物) to drivers and should be forbidden.The New England Journal of Medicine reported that “drivers using a cell phone were four times more likely to have an accident than those not using a phone.” The major problem is that the driver is not focused on the road, but on his or her conversation. Cell phone drivers are very unpredictable: they drive too fast or too slow, make improper turns, run red lights, and even stop at green ones. Its not only annoying; its dangerous. Accidents related to cell phones include rear-ending(追尾) other vehicles, running off a road and crashing into trees, fences, and buildings, and even turning over.In October at the California Traffic Safety Summit(峰会), experts showed that “cell phones used by drivers lead to at least 1,000 deaths per year in California.” These are the same problems that occur with drunk driving, which is against the law and strictly enforced(强制执行). For the same reasons, California needs law that restrict the use of cell phones in cars.Until we take action to pass new laws, drivers at least need to be more responsible when using cell phones. The American Automobile Association recommends that drivers pull off the road before using a cell phone, have a passenger use it for them, or use voice mail to answer calls. Another suggestion is to keep the phone off while moving or simply not to use it in the car. Before using a cell phone, drivers should ask themselves, “Is this call really that important?”Cell phones can be a very important link in emergencies, but drivers need to use them wisely. As professional NASCAR racer John Andretti says, “Driving safely is your first responsibility.” The best road to safety is to just hang up and drive.（裁剪线）【答题区域】_ _ _（_ words）篇三：高考英语概要写作指导及训练记叙文高考英语概要写作指导及训练一、写作指导摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。写摘要主要包括三个步骤：（1）阅读；（2）写作；（3）修改成文。第一步：阅读A认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。B给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。C现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。D简要地记下主要观点主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。 第二步：动手写作A. 摘要应尽量用自己的话完成。不要直接引用原文的句子。B. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。C. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。D. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。4) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例：“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.”“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子：“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.”可以概括为：”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”可以概括为：”She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”8）使用最短的连接词。比如，可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time,in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。通常，使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称，从而把大段的对白简化，比如： Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul its not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned:”Why on earth not! If you didnt have salt on your food it would taste awful like eating cardboard or sand just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was patient. She didnt want to quarrel with Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly:”But too much salt is bad for you. It cause high blood pressure and latter on, heart-attacks. It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.”可以用第三人称概括为：Kate suggested to Paul that he should eat less salt. She thought that eating too much salt would do hard to Pauls health and that it could reduce the real tastes of food. But Paul disagreed. He said that food without salt would be tasteless.第三步：修改成文草稿拟好以后，对它进行修改。首先，与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了，摘要中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。其次，如果摘要中出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子，删除它们。第三，检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。最后，保持语言简单明了。 经过上述步骤和方法，一篇摘要就可以完成了。二、记叙文概要写作要写好记叙文的概要，先要找到以下两个问题的答案:1.谁做什么了？2.结果如何？如果是夹叙夹议，还要加上这个故事给人们的启示或教育意义。1.A college student selling Chinese pancake in New York has become Internet hit recently. The pancake stall is owned by a Chinese student surnamed Li, who was born in 1990s. She started to run the pancake stall on Oct. 26 this year. Every day she sells nearly 200 pancakes and gets 1,500 US dollars in return.Every day she sells nearly 200 pancakes and gets 1,500 US dollars in return.Starting up the business is not an easy thing. Li receives parking tickets every day from New York Traffic Department."Their truck is lovely and the food is delicious. Veggie pancake is sold at 7 dollars each. And you need to pay 2.5 dollars for an extra sausage or ham,said Xu, who is a college student of the New York University.Li was born and raised in Beijing. She went to the United States for college. She majored in business and minored in art history. After graduation, she did not like working in the office and came up with the idea of starting up her own business."I am familiar with Chinese pancake because I grew up in Beijing. I barely saw Chinese pancake in New York so I thought it may have market,Li said.- 2. When her five daughters were young, Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity (团结). To show this, she held up one chopstick,representing oneperson. Then she easily broke it into two pieces. Next, she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family. She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks. This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California. However, when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didnt have much money. They moved their family to San Francisco. There they joined Dannys mother, Diana, who owned a small Italian sandwich shop. Soon afterwards, Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant. The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young. However, Helene did not want herdaughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves, but one by one, the daughters returned to work in the familybusiness. They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful. Daughter Elisabeth explains, "Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity, and to have unity we must have peace. Without the strength of the family, there is no business.Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996, with three generations of Ans working together. Now the Ans corporation makes more than $20 million each year. Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together. Now they are a big success.-3.Peter loved to shop used articles. Almost a month ago, he bought a popular word game that used little pie