建筑设计实用词汇.doc

建筑设计图纸和模型相关：顶视图,上视图- top view俯视图- vertical view侧视图- side view后视图- rear view 顶俯视图,平面图- plan view 底视图,仰视图 - bottom view全景图 -panorama, panoramic透视图-perspective drawing鸟瞰图-birds eye view drawing等视图-isometric drawing轴视图-axonometric drawing建筑总面积-gross floor area建筑净面积-net floor area使用面积-usable floor area辅助面积-auxiliary floor area场地面积-site area建筑基底面积-building area容积率-floor-area ratio, plot ratio, FAR建筑密度-building density外延长度-parametric length长宽比-aspect ratio开间-bay width进深-depth跨度-span层高-story height净高-clear height建筑体积-building volume建筑造型-architectural image体块模型：massing model协调：harmonious一致：be accordance with 对比：contrast深色：dark color浅色：light color简单：simple复杂：complicated推进：push in拉出：drag out关系：relation正方形：square方形：rectengular圆形：circle圆柱：column圆锥：conic, conical直线形的：linear曲线形的：curved宽：Wide, wider, widest窄：Narrow, narrower, narrowest深：Deep, deeper, deepest浅：Shallow, shallower, shallowest形体-figure形状-shape尺度-scale体量-mass比例-proportion黄金分割-golden section节奏-rhythm韵律-meter对称-symmetry反差-contrast平衡-balance层次-layer序列-sequence实体-solid虚体-void质感-texture肌理又称“纹理”-grain色彩又称“亮度”-color明暗度-brightness光影-shade and shadow建筑外立面-facade, elevation建筑细部-architectural detail象征意义-symbolic meaning建筑隐喻-architectural metaphor建筑表达-architectural presentation建筑制图-architectural drafting建筑总平面图-site plan建筑平面图-architectural plan建筑立面图-architectural elevation建筑剖面图-architectural section详图-detail drawing修正图-revised drawing比例尺-scale指北针-compass图例-legend图框-frame素描-sketch徒手素描-free-hand sketch渲染-rendering水彩渲染-water color rendering建筑模型-building model建筑环境模型-building environment model防火设计-fire protection design防火规范-fire code火灾分类-fire hazard classification防火分区-fire compartmentation耐火等级-fire protection rating建筑用途-building occupancy防火间距-fire separation distance防火分区-fire compartment耐火极限-fire endurance安全出口-safety exit疏散时间-egress time防火墙-fire wall防火带-fire break防火门-fire door, fireproof door防火窗-fire window疏散楼梯-escape stair坚井封闭-shaft enclosure消防梯-fire ladder防火卷帘-fire curtain水幕-water curtain抗震设计-aseismic design, earthquake-resis-tance design防振设计-vibration control design防腐蚀设计-corrosion proof design建筑缺陷-building defect建筑漏水-water penetration屋面积水-roof ponding建筑诊断-building diagnosis围护结构-building envelope, enclosure内部隔断-interior partition机械系统-mechanical system电气系统-electrical system固定设备-fixed equipment陈设-furnishing家具-furniture安全性-safety可靠性-reliability耐久性-durability实用性-commodity, practicality可居性-habitability私密性-privacy识别性-identity多样性-diversity多元性-pluralism统一性-unity谐和感-harmony比拟-comparison重复-repetition开放性-openness动态-motion静态-repose时代性-temporal spirit民族性-national character地方性-genius loci场所感-sense of place色调-hue彩度-chrome色表-color appearance色温-color temperature采光-daylighting直射光-sunlight昼光-daylight光照气候-light climate采光系数-daylight factor顶部采光-top daylighting采光口-daylight opening日照百分率-relative sunshine/insolation duration日照面积-sunshine/insolation area日照间距-sunshine/insolation spacing遮阳-sunshade, awning正常照明-normal lighting应急照明-emergency lighting灯具-luminaire传热 -heat transfer传导-conduction对流-convection辐射-radiation直接辐射-direct radiation散射辐射-diffusive radiation屋顶-roof坡屋顶-pitched roof平屋顶-flat roof锯齿屋顶-sawtooth roof拱顶-vault roof双曲拱顶-double-curved vault roof穹顶-dome悬索屋顶-suspended cable roof壳顶-shell roof圆柱形壳顶-cylindrical shell roof椭圆形壳顶-ellipsoidal shell roof椭圆抛物面壳顶-elliptical paraboloidal roof球形屋-spherical roof瓦楞屋顶-corrugated roof折板屋顶-folded plate roof屋面-roofing瓦屋面-tiled roof挂瓦条-batten顺水条-counter batten望板-roofing board, sheathing干铺油毡-felt carpet屋脊-ridge椽-rafter檩条-purlin斜面梁-hip rafter闷顶-loft阁楼-attic侧天窗-clerestory老虎窗-dormer屋檐-eave封檐板-fascia board檐沟-gutter天沟-valley水落斗-leader head水落管-leader pipe烟囱-chimney, stock爬梯-ladder架空通风屋面-ventilated roof种植屋面-planted roof刚性防水屋面-ingle-ply roofing, monolithic roofing柔性防水屋面-built-up roofing保护层-topping, protective course找平层-leveling layer, dressing course防水层-waterproofing course保温层 -insulation layer隔热层 -isolation layer结构层 -deck, substrate风向针 -vane压顶板 -coping伸缩缝 -shrinkage joint, expansion joint沉降缝 -settlement joint变形缝 -deformation joint墙 -wall外墙 -external wall内墙-interior wall承重墙-bearing wall非承重墙 -non-bearing wall幕墙 -curtain wall漏花墙-screen wall砌筑墙-masonry wall实体墙-solid masonry wall空斗墙-cavity wall复合墙-composite wall女儿墙-parapet山墙-gable wall墙板-wall panel 外墙板-facade panel毛石墙-rubble masonry乱石墙-random rubble masonry整石墙-ashlar masonry土坯墙-adobe wall夯土墙-rammed earth wall干式墙-drywall分户墙：Demising Wall剪力墙：Shear Wall隔断-partition砌式-bond皮-leaf, wythe灰缝-mortar joint顺面-stretcher丁面-header大面-shiner一顺一丁砌式-cross bond, Flemish bond丁顺隔皮砌式-English bond勾缝-pointing防潮层-damp proofing course勒脚-plinth散水-apron出水孔-weep hole线脚-molding窗台-window sill过梁-lintel圈梁-belt course, ring beam凸砖层-string course托座-bracket墙墩-pier壁炉-fire place壁柱-pilaster通风道-ventilation stack排烟道-smoke vent移动式隔断-movable partition可拆式隔断-demountable partition龙骨-framing立筋又称“板墙筋”-stud横槛-runner护角-corner guard板筋-lath墙裙-dado踢脚-skirt窗帘盒-curtain box, pelmet box挂镜线-picture molding楼地面-flooring地坪-floor-on-grade室外地坪-grade面层 -floor finish, surface finish垫层-bedding course地基-base门-door平开门-vertical hinged door单扇门-single door双扇门-double door内开门-inward-opening door外开门-outward-opening door弹簧门-swinging door推拉门-sliding door铁栅推拉门-grilled sliding door折叠门 -folding door侧挂折叠门-side-hung folding door, foldaway door中悬折叠门-middle-guide folding door,centafold door手风琴式折叠门-concertina folding door转门-revolving door三扇式转门-three-wing revolving door四扇式转门-four-wing revolving door卷帘门-roller shutter door上翻门-tilt-up door, trap door偏心门-dj-axis door自动门-automatic door门框-door frame上框-upper ledge窗-window平开窗-casement window, side-hung win-dow外开窗-outward-opening window内开窗-inward-opening window纱窗-screen window水平推拉窗-horizontal sliding window凸窗-bay window百页窗-louvre天窗-skylight采光板-plane skylight下沉式天窗 -sunk skylight窗框-window frame室内楼梯-indoor staircase室外楼梯-outdoor staircase开敞楼梯-open staircase封闭楼梯间-enclosed stairwell直爬梯-catladder坡道-ramp板式楼梯-slab-type stairway梁式楼梯-stringer-type stairway悬挑楼梯-cantilevered stairway悬挂楼梯-hanging stair楼梯平台-landing踏步又称“踏级”+C1952-step踏板-step tread立板-riser踏步边-nosing防滑条-reeding斜梁-ramp beam, ramp carriage平台梁-landing beam墙梁-wall stringer栏杆-baluster栏板-balustrade扶手-handrail中柱-newel post平行式自动扶梯-parallel escalators剪刀式自动扶梯-crisscross escalators电梯又称升降机-elevator, lift观景/观光电梯-observation elevator, panorama lift载客电梯-passenger elevator载货电梯-freight elevator服务电梯-service elevator病床电梯-hospital elevator消防电梯-fire lift, emergency elevator电机驱动电梯-electric elevator轿厢-car电动楼梯-escalator雨蓬-canopy灯柱-lamppost旗杆-flagpole标语牌-sign post招牌又称“广告牌”-sign board建筑玻璃-building glass有色玻璃-stained glass淋浴间-shower case厨房设施-kitchen utilities水净化-water softening循环水系统-reclaimed water system室内排水系统-interior plumbing system污水-sewage雨水-rainwater排水立管-soil stack通气主管-vent stack排水管-drain pipe排烟-smoke evacuation排烟竖井-smoke shaft排烟风机-smoke extractor exhaust fan消防控制中心-fire protection control center建筑供暖系统-interior heating system室内通风系统 -indoor ventilation system新风-fresh air排气-exhaust air局部通风-local ventilation建筑空调系统-air conditioning system, AC sys-tem高压供电系统 -high voltage supply system低压配电系统 -low voltage distribution system电气竖井 -electric shaft电气控制系统 -electrical control system明线-surface mounted wire暗线-concealed wire室内弱电系统-interior low voltage system电声设备-electronic sound equipment计算机管理系统-computer management system内部通信系统-inter-communication system中央控制台-central control console综合类：单层建筑-single-story building多层建筑-multistory building高层建筑-highrise building, tall building超高层建筑-super high-rise building, 摩天楼-skyscraper建筑队群-building group居住建筑-residential building 住房-housing独户住宅-single family house/SF多户住宅-multi-family house联排式住宅-row house, terrace house台阶式住宅-stepped house, terraced house公寓式住宅-apartment house板式住宅-slab block点式住宅-point block跃层式公寓-skip-floor aparment外廊式公寓-exterior-corridor type apartmnet步行上楼式公寓-walk-up apartment电梯式公寓-elevator apartment酒店式公寓-service/residential apartment公寓式办公楼-apartment office building酒店式办公楼-hotel office building综合楼-multiple-use building商务写字楼-business office building平房-one-story house, bungalow农舍-cottage别墅-villa庭院式住宅-courtyard house两层独立公寓-marionette宿舍-dormitory青年公寓-youth apartment老年公寓-house for the elderly养老院-nursing home医疗卫生建筑-medical building医院-hospital综合医院-general hospital精神医院-mental health hospital卫生所-health center商业建筑-commercial building双拼别墅：duplex联排住宅：row house联排别墅：town house花园洋房：Garden Low Apartment复式住宅：Loft(指偏厂房改造后的住宅类型),Through Unit, Town Home, 跃层住宅：Skip-floor house错层住宅：Split-level house(一般指独栋)样板房：Sales Unit/Model Unit/Show Unit得房率：Efficiency Factor功能空间：公共活动室-common room, community room裙房-podium楼层-floor夹层-mezzanine底层-ground floor地下室-basement半地下室-sub-basement地下1层：Basement 1地下2层：Basement 2顶层-top floor楼板-roof slab房间-room走廊-corridor游廊-gallery入口-entrance门斗-anteroom/foyer门厅-entrance hall, vestibule骑楼-overhang接待室-reception room会议室-conference room值班室-janitors room收发室-mail/distribution room问询处-information desk衣帽间-coat room, cloak room开水间-water heater room卫生间-washroom厕所-toilet浴室-bathroom电话总机房-telephone exchange room电子计算机房-computer room广播室-broadcasting room储藏室-storage room变电间-substation/transformation substation锅炉间-boiler room阳台-balcony平台-terrace/deck天井-light court/light well卧室-bedroom起居室-living room书房-study餐室-dining room厨房-kitchen壁柜-wall unit, case unit吊柜-hanging cabinet地窖-cellar体育场-stadium室内体育场-indoor stadium体育馆-sports hall游泳馆-swimming hall, natatorium健身房-gymnasium田径场-track field足球场-football court, soccer court球门-goal篮球场-basketball court排球场-volleyball court网球场-tennis court羽毛球场-badminton court棒球场-baseball field自行车赛场-velodrome滑冰场-skating rink水上运动场-aquatic sport waters高尔夫球场-golf course保龄球场-bowling club桑拿浴室-sauna bathroom按摩室-massage room场地-field跑道-track 游泳池-swimming pool无边界泳池：Infinite Pool泳道-swimming lane休闲娱乐：京剧院-Beijing opera theater木偶剧院-puppet play theater露天剧场-open air theater, amphitheater立体电影院-stereophonic cinema汽车影院-drive-in theater音乐厅-concert hall交响乐厅-symphony hall独唱独奏厅-recital hall观众厅-auditorium座席容量-seating capacity多用途观众厅-multiuse auditorium多媒体演出-multimedia performance纵过道-longitudinal aisle横过道-transverse aisle天花反射板-ceiling reflector舞台-stage道具-stage property, prop排烟窗-vent window舞台灯光-stage lighting舞台监督室-stage managers room灯光控制室-light control room音响控制室-sound control room前厅-foyer售票处-box office疏散出口-emergency exit娱乐建筑-recreation building娱乐中心-recreation center舞厅-ballroom俱乐部-clubhouse夜总会-night club舞池-dancing floor自行车棚-bicycle shed围墙-fence wall, enclosure wall大门-entrance gate, main door门房-gatehouse商业建筑：百货商店-department store超级市场-supermarket自选商场-self service store购物中心-shopping center市场-market hall农贸市场-farm product market菜市场-vegetable market零售商店-retail store专卖店-speciality shop杂货铺-grocery饭馆-restaurant饮食店-cafeteria小吃店-snack bar 快餐店-fast food restaurant茶馆 -tea house 包子铺-stuffed bun house食堂-canteen中药店-traditional Chinses medicine store西药店-drugstore布店-cloth store服装店-clothing store鞋帽店-hat and shoes store床上用品店-bed linens store家具店-furniture store文具用品店-stationary store书店-bookstore洗染店-laundering and dyeing shop干洗店-dry cleaning shop金银手饰店-jewelry store珠宝店-jewelry shop照相馆-photo studio理发店-barber shop美发廊-hair salon美容院-beauty parlour浴堂-bath house旅馆-hotel旅店-inn宾馆-guesthouse汽车旅馆-motel银行-bank储蓄所-saving bank橱窗-shop window, show window收款柜台-cashier货架-shelf货柜-counter卸货间-delivery room卸货台-delivery platform备餐间-pantry, food preparation room冷藏库-cold storage冷藏间-refrigerated storage room冷冻间-freezed storage room客房-guest room套间客房-suite总统客房-presidential suite单床间-single-bed room双床间-double room休息厅-lobby, lounge 接待厅-reception hall, front desk总服务台-reception desk 餐厅-dining hall中餐厅-Chinese restaurant西餐厅-west restaurant咖啡厅-coffee house, coffee shop风味餐厅-speciality restaurant宴会厅-banquet hall多功能厅-multi-function hall酒巴间-bar 洗手间-rest room洗衣房-laundry交通建筑：交通建筑-transportation building火车站-railway terminal, railway station候车室-waiting lounge行李室-luggage room汽车库-garage多层车库-multistory garage加油站-petrol filling station办公建筑：办公建筑-office building多层办公楼-multistory office高层办公楼-office tower行政办公楼-administrative building单间式布局-private office layout大空间布局-open landscape layout单走道布局-single-corridor layout双走道布局-double-corridor layout单外廊布局-single exterior-corridor layout双外廊布局-double exterior-corridor layout办公室-office room设计室-design studio绘图室-driafting room档案室-file room模型室-model shop公共建筑-public building会议厅-assembly hall礼堂-auditorium宗教建筑：宗教建筑-religious building庙-temple寺-buddhist temple庵-nunnery祠-shrine观-taoist temple山门-temple gate大殿-main temple hall经堂-scripture hall钟楼-bell tower鼓楼-drum tower地下建筑：地下建筑-underground building人防地下室-air-raid shelter人防工程-civil air denfence shelter地铁车站-subway station, metro station地下商场-underground store地下车库-underground garage地下仓库-underground warehouse商务与工程：客户研究 Client Study项目定位 Project Orientation相关案例分析 Case Study本案设计策略 Design Strategy构思方案 Conceptual Design设计委托-design commission设计协议-design agreement设计合同-design contract设计义务-design liability设计费-design fee设计规范-design code设计程序-design process可行性研究-feasibility study建筑策划-architectural programming运行成本-running cost, operating cost设计任务书-design brief/proposal建设单位/客户-client建设规模-building size建设场址-building site建设工期-construction period设计标准-design standard投资限额-control budget人均指标-per capita index设计阶段-design stage, design phase方案设计-schematic design构思设计-concept design方案估算-schematic design estimate初步设计-preliminary design设计概算-preliminary estimate施工图-working/construction drawing/document材料设备表-material and equipment schedule工程预算-detail estimate施工说明书-specification项目管理-project management施工监督-construction supervision变更通告单-change order工程验收-acceptance on examination竣工图-as-built drawing/record drawings工程决算-final building cost城市规划：城市设计-urban design, civic design城市形式-urban form城市形态-urban pattern, urban morphology城市结构-urban structure城市肌理-urban tissue城市布局-urban layout城市空间-urban space旷地-open space连续空间-continuous space活动空间-activity space城市景观-cityscape, urban landscape城市形象-city image城市艺术-civic art城市形体环境-urban physical environment视觉走廊-visual corridor市容-townscape街景-streetscape天际线-skyline城市建筑小品-street furniture市政中心-civic center城市广场-city square中心广场-central plaza文化广场-cultural plaza边缘-edge节点-node标志-sign, landmark场所-place秩序感-sense of order连续感-sense of continuity界面-surface全景-panorama城市建筑法规-urban building code建筑后退-setback城市规划标准-city planning standard人口密度-population density建筑间距-building interval日照标准-daylight standard道路面积密度-road area ratio道路网密度-road network density服务半径-service radius建筑红线-building line, property line道路红线：Required Road Setback建筑退界线：Building Setback高度限制-height control土地所有权-land ownership综合开发-comprehensive development拆建比-demolition and construction ratio城市史-history of cities居民点-settlement市场-market街-street巷-lane胡同-hutong, alley城市-city镇-township, town市区-city proper城市分类-city classification工业城市-industrial city矿业城市-mining city港口城市-port city商业城市-commercial city大学城-campus city城市化-urbanization城市化水平 -urbanization level城市组团-city group, city cluster城市历史保护-urban conservation历史建筑-historical building历史地段-historical site保护区-urban conservation area城市科学-urban science社区-community城市社区-urban community城市问题-urban issues, urban problem产业结构-industrial structure城市核心-urban core城市边缘-urban fringe中心城市-central city城市规划-city planning, urban planning区域规划-regional planning综合规划-comprehensive planning, overall planning战略规划-strategic planning实体规划-physical planning总图-master plan社区规划-community plan城市规划理论-urban planning theory卫星城镇 -satellite town带型城市 -linear city邻里单位 -neighborhood unit规划程序 -planning procedure城市勘察 -civic survey, urban exploration城市测量 -land survey城市选址 -city siting城市规划纲要 -city planning outline城市总体规划 -master planning, overall planning城市详细规划 -city detailed planning分区规划 -district planning控制性详细规划-control detailed planning修建设计 -construction design群众参与 -public participation城市规划实施 -city planning implementation城市规划管理 -city planning management, city planning administration城市建设管理 -urban construction administration, urban construction management城市评价 -urban evaluation技术经济论证 -techno-economic appraisal城市发展战略 -strategy for urban growth, urban development strategy城市职能 -city function城市性质 -designated function of city城市规模 -city size城市人口 -urban population人口结构-population structure就业率-employment rate基本人口-basic population年龄结构-age structure性别结构-sex structure职业结构-occupation structure常住人口-permanent population暂住人口-temporary population流动人口-floating population, fluid population人口增长-population growth出生率-birth rate死亡率-death rate生育率-fertility rate城市用地-urban land城市规划区-city planning area居住用地-residential land公共设施用地-land for public facilities工业用地-industrial land仓储用地-land f