基于Java的电子政务系统开发毕业设计英文文献翻译.docx

中北大学2014届毕业设计英文文献译文毕业设计说明书英文文献及中文翻译学生姓名： 学号： 学 院： 专 业： 指导教师： state-based process description model inchinese e-government affair systemabstract though with the rapid development of economic globalization and informationization , chinese e-government development is still in its infancy with a long way ahead .based on some resent research on todays e-government in guangdong, we propose a special model to describe business process in e-government affair operations. the model extends finite state machine model by message passing, business logic and several kinds of constraint check. using this model to represent governmental business process helps to capture the exact status of each process step, standardize service procedure, describe complex constraint in the process and bring flexibility into its customization, which eventually results in more efficient delivery of services and facilitates greater transparency in the administration of government. furthermore, it offers new thoughts in representing business process.1. introduction as we know, china is a big country with a large population , the creation of e-government is naturally important ,even critical to development of china .an e-government project called “government online project” had begun in china for years age ,and now we have all the provinces and all the state bureaus online. a number of e-government services are already on the internet .beside the “government online project” ,we also have “corporation online project” and “family online project” as well .citizens are encouraged to access e-government service as their convenience . whenever you link to the ,you may find all the online bureaus ready to service. with the rapid development of economic globalization and informationization , china becomes to pay more and more attention to the construction of e-government. nowadays network infrastructures of every governmental functional ministry have taken shapes and local area network has been finished4. though great efforts has been made, chinese e-government development is still in its infancy with along way ahead. recently, we made a survey in guangdong and found that it features the following:(1) there are hundreds of business processes in day-today work in all sectors of a government, within which there are thousands of forms (of different categories) available at a time. a staff has to deal with them one by one.(2) each procedure of e-government business process typically concentrates on a single (or a few key) form(s), where, from the very beginning (non-existence) till the end of its procedure, additional data are added or updated in each step (e.g. an application form will be the main subject when applying for passport for hongkong-macau). to simplify the business process to serve the public, government officers are inclined to put almost full information into a single (or a few key) form(s) in each service functions.(3) governmental business processes are characterized by internal-external-oriented, repeatable, rule-complex and alterable. where internal-oriented states that officers concern more about a specific or final result of a certain business, and the efficiency in their departments as well. external-oriented means they are open to the public, who care much for the current state of a certain service they have initiated previously. repeatable is known to all and easy to understand. rule-complex stipulates the complexity in a governmental process like ”if the amount is larger than 5000, two section chiefs are required to involve in the approval, otherwise staff can make decisions alone”. alterable dictates the fact that adjustments can be made to an existing process according to some law or policy. one of the vital parts of developing e-government affair system is the building and representation of its business process. nowadays, there are several business process modeling methods: event-driven process chains (epc), petrinet , workflow management reference model, and the like .in our practice, we summarize the key features and problems aforementioned and create a corresponding model to describe business process in project design stage, since none of these existing models fully solves these problems. in a nutshell, our model extends finite state machine model together with message passing (mp), business logic (bl) and several kinds of constraint check. in this paper we name it state-based process description model (spdm for short).our practice shows that spdm fits the requirement well, simplifies the relation between several processes by message interaction, and provides new thoughts in representing business process. the paper is organized as follows. in the next section, we present spdm in detail, together with formal definitions. then we give an illustration in section 3. section 4 discusses its practice and evaluation and section 5 concludes.2. details of spdm in software design stage, we propose using the term form(including application form, bill of document, task specification ,receipt, certificate, etc.) to represent objects in application layer, so that it would be more natural and smoother to describe and discuss governmental business process.definition 1 (state). state is a description of the forms overall property in a certain stage within its lifecycle. in spdm, every state is identified by a unique name. formally ,a state is associated with some specific form items ,which reflects essentially what is claimed by its name.definition 2 (process). considering only one single form, a process is the changing course during its lifecycle, with the ongoing business operations. a process is depicted as a directed graph where nodes denote states and dashed arcs denote transition between states. every process should have one start state and zero to unlimited final states. under this circumstance, the advancing of a process is that every form starts from its start state denoted startpi ,and reaches one of its final states denoted finalpi through several business operations (in some cases, the process will continue endless without a final state). note that this is arough definition of spdms process, in the following well present it in detail and formally. definition 2 only concentrates on the lifetime of a single form, but what about the relation between two processes?in our opinion, message passing (mp) sounds effective in representing it. intuitively, if some transition in the process of form1 needs to communicate with form2 (like fig.1), it simply sends/receives a message (possibly wrapped with data) to/from form2. 3. practice and evaluation spdm has debuted successfully as an important part of the supporting platform of our e-government affair system .the project is now under control though hundreds of business processes and operations are involved. our practice shows that spdm owns the following advantages:(1) spdm possesses strong process descriptive capability owe to the form-basis of process and the introduction of cf and mp. practically, they contribute to declaratively describing complex restriction in governmental process, decomposing hundreds of seemingly-mixed business processes effectively and ensuring that they move forward in gear, bringing flexibility into the customization of process, and simplifies the relation between several processes.(2) processes modeled by spdm are loosely coupled and independent, so that the modification of one process has little impact on others, which enhances extensibility.(3) state-based clarifies the current and past status of each service procedure, which enables the transparency of governmental service and changes the way people interact with their government.4. future work as the “government online project” going on ,we must take some important point into consideration:first of all , not like constructing an e-commerce project ,the e-government must have a special organization to manage the progress .because the government must be responsible to what information it have put on the net and to its sequent .so ,as we boost the progress ,we must have a firm control over the whole thing.second , we must break the information monopoly and consummate the regulations and laws on internet information .lack of information will cause chaos but information abuse will have the same result as well. third ,the real government must change its workflow to fit the e-governments requirement .our officials must know how to deal with the daily affair on net .this requires some kind of technical training and management training as well.5.conclusion in this paper, we introduce a new business process model for e-government affair system, which extends finite state machine model by message passing, business logic and three constraint checks. applying spdm to represent governmental business process helps to meet the needs and features mentioned in section 1, standardize its service procedure and improve current government services, which are the most important factors hindering informationization and e-government in china3. eventually it results in faster, cheaper delivery of services, facilitates greater transparency in the administration of government and accelerates the realization of one stop shopping service. spdm is also referential to many kinds of process modeling in, e.g. hospital information system (his), office automation (oa), etc. furthermore, it gives new thoughts in representing business process and process interaction .we hope to propose formal definitions to different patterns of process interaction (like chained, peer-to-peer, parallel synchronized, etc.) based on spdm and explain the advancing of business process formally by specifying its operational semantics. 中国电子政务系统基于状态的过程描述模型摘要 尽管经济全球化的快速发展和信息化,中国电子政务的发展,仍处于初级阶段,我们面前还有一段很长的路。基于一些怨恨的研究当今电子政务在广东,我们提出一项特殊的模型来描述在电子政务业务流程操作。该模型通过消息传递模型，业务逻辑和几种约束检查扩展有限状态机模型。运用这个模型于现代政府业务流程有助于捕获每个流程步骤的具体状态,规范服务程序,描述过程中复杂的约束,给其带来灵活定制,这最终导致更有效的交付的服务和促进政府管理的透明度。此外,它提供了新的思想代表业务流程。1.介绍正如我们所知,中国是一个人口众多的大国,建立电子政务是自然重要,甚至对中国的发展至关重要。一个名为“政府在线项目”的电子政务项目已经在中国启动多年,现在我们有所有省份和国家机构在线联机。大量的电子政务服务已经在互联网上进行。除了“在政府在线项目”,我们也有“公司网络项目”和“家庭网络项目”。鼓励公民一个人便利访问电子政务服务。无论何时当你链接到,你会发现所有的在线机构都随时准备服务。经济全球化和信息化的快速发展,中国开始更多得关注于电子政务的建设。如今所有的政府职能部门的网络基础设施都已经成形，局域网已完成4。虽然已经取得了巨大的努力,中国电子政务发展仍处于初级阶段，还有一段漫长的路要走。最近,我们在广东做了一个调查,发现其特点如下:(1)每天都有成百上千的业务流程在各界政府工作,在其中每次有成千上万的形式(不同种类的)可用。员工必须一个一个地去处理他们。(2)电子政务业务流程的每个过程通常专注于一个或几个关键表单,在那里,从一开始(不存在)直到结束的过程中,更多的数据被添加或更新每个步骤(如申请表将在申请香港到台湾的护照时成为主题)。简化业务流程服务公众,政府官员倾向于在每个服务功能中都把几乎全部的信息放到一个(或几个关键)表单。(3)政府业务流程具有内在的-外在的，可重复，复杂的规定及可变的特征。在内向型声明官员更多关注于某个或某些业务的最终结果，以及部门的效率。外向型意味着他们是对公众开放的,那些在乎他们已经发起的某一服务当前的状态。可重复的是众所周知的和容易理解。rule-complex规定政府过程中的复杂性,像“如果金额大于5000,需要涉及两个科长批准,否则员工可以独自做出决定”。可变性规定了可以对现有流程根据一些法律或政策进行调整。开发电子政务系统的关键部分之一是其业务流程的建设和表示。现在,有几个业务流程建模方法:事件驱动处理进程链(epc)、petrinet、工作流管理参考模型等。在我们的实践中,总结上述的主要特点和问题,创建一个相应的模型来描述业务流程在项目设计阶段,因为没有一个现有的模型能完全解决了这些问题。简而言之,我们的模型继承有限状态机模型连同消息传递(mp)、业务逻辑(提单)和几种约束检查。在本文中,我们命名它为它基于状态的过程描述模型(简称spdm)。我们的实践表明,spdm符合需求,通过消息交互简化了几个流程的之间的 关系,并提供新想法代表业务流程 本文组织如下。在下一节中,我们提出详细spdm,连同正式定义。并就其实践和评价和第五节总结道。在下一节中,我们提出详细spdm,连同正式定义。然后在第三节我们给出一个例子。第四节讨论了实践和评价和第五节总结道。2.spdm详解在软件设计阶段,我们建议使用这一术语形式(包括申请表、单据、任务规范,收据,证书,等等)来表示对象在应用程序层,这样它会更自然和流畅的描述和讨论政府业务流程。定义1（状态） 状态的描述形式的整体属性在一定阶段在其生命周期。在spdm,每个状态是用一个惟一名称识别的。形式上,一个状态与一些特定的表单联系在一起,实质