定语从句ppt.ppt

定语从句 定义 在句子中作定语 修饰名词或代词的从句 这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导 并作句子成分 thatistheteacherwhoteachesusenglish thosewhowanttogototheparkaregirls 先行词 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词 关系代词 who whom that which whose 关系副词 when where why 引导词 who指人 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 作宾语时 可省略 theman who italkedwithisourteacher apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief whom指人 在定语从句中作宾语 可省略 theman whom inoddedtoismr li 1 关系代词 which指物 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 作宾语时 可省略 thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear thisrecorder which heisusingismadeinjapan heistheman that itoldyouabout that指人或物 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 作宾语时 可省略 aplaneisamachinethatcanfly heisthemanthatlikesplayingfootball whose指人或物 在定语从句中作定语 不可省略 weliveinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth thisisthelittlegirlwhoseparentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake 2 关系代词的用法注意点 1 that和which都可以指物 但以下7种情况只能用that 不能用which 当先行词中有人又有物时 doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout 当先行词为不定代词all one few little no some any everything nothing nobody none等或被它们所修饰时 thisisallthatiwantfromtheschool 当先行词被only just very right last等修饰时 thisistheverybookthatiamlookingforthesedays 当先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时 thetvtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity thefirstlessonthatilearnedwillneverbeforgotten 当主语是以who或者which开头的特殊疑问句时 避免重复 whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere 关系代词在定语从句中作tobe的表语时tomisn ttheboythatheusedtobe 先行词前有such或thesame修饰 先行词和关系代词指同一物时thisisthesamebikethatilosttwoweeksago 2 以下3种情况只能用which 不能用that 引导非限制性定语从句时thecat whichisred iseating thecatwhich that isrediseating 当关系代词前有介词时thisisthehouseinwhichheoncelived 当先行词本身是that时thatwhichyoutoldhimaboutiswhatwewanttoknow 非限制性定语从句 定义 非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明 如果去掉 主句的意思仍然完整或清楚 它和主句之间的关系比较松散 因此常用逗号隔开 mywatch whichisveryold stoppedagain 限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个代词 而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词 也可以是部分或整个主句的意思 此时 一般用关系代词as或which引导 在非限制性定语从句中 不能省略关系代词 而在限制性定语从句中则可以 限制性定语从句可以用关系代词that引导 而非限制性定语从句则不能 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切 若省去 主句的意思就不明确 主从句之间不用逗号隔开 而非限制性定语从句则不然 试比较 thisisthebestbookthatihaveread thisisagoodbook whichiseasytounderstand 3 whose引导的定语从句注意点 whose的先行词指物时 可用ofwhich代替 但语序不同 即whose 名词 ofwhich the 名词 如 thenovelwhosetitle ofwhichthetitle isredandblackisveryinteresting whose的先行词指人时 可用ofwhom代替 但语序不同 即whose 名词 ofwhom the 名词 如 theboywhosemother ofwhomthemother isadoctorismyfriend 4 关系代词在从句中作主语时 从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致 如 thosewho againsttheplanputupyourhands tomisoneofthestudentswho praisedbytheteacheryesterday tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswho praisedbytheteacheryesterday were were was thescientistwhowemetyesterdayisveryfamouswhomintheworld that 2 thedressisnew sheiswearingit thedresswhichsheiswearingisnew that 1 thescientistisveryfamousintheworld wemetheryesterday 巩固练习 1 用定语从句合并句子 3 heisthekindperson ihaveeverworkedwithhim 4 thisisthebestfilm ihaveeverseenthisfilm hewhoihaveeverworkedwithisthekindperson thisisthebestfilmthatihaveeverseen 1 thegirl isstandingnexttoourteacherisherdaughter 2 thegirl ourteacheristalkingwithisafamoussinger 3 thegirl motherisateachercanspeakenglishverywell 4 ican tfindthebook isborrowedfromthelibrary 5 ican tfindthebook youlenttome who that who whom that whose which that that which 巩固练习 2 用适当的关系词填空 注意 介词 which whom引导的定语从句 介词的选用原则 a根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定 thisisthebookonwhichispent8dollars thisisthebookforwhichipaid8dollars b根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定 irememberthedayonwhichijoinedtheparty irememberthedaysduringwhichilivedthere isthistheplay youweretalkingaboutjustnow 当介词放在关系代词前面时 关系代词只能用whom 指人 或which 指物 且关系代词不能省略 也不可以用that themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbor ican tfindthepenwithwhichiwaswriting 当介词位于定语从句末尾时 可用which that 指物 who whom that 指人 作从句中介词的宾语 而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略 dadisaperson icaneasilytalkto whom who that which that 在一些固定搭配的动词短语中 由于动词和介词不可分割 因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前 thisisthewatch that which iamlookingfor thebabies who whom that thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy 4 含介词的固定搭配动词短语的使用 先行词是theway 意为 方式 方法 时 引导定语从句的关系词用that inwhich或省略 ididn tliketheway shetalkedtome theway heteachesenglishisinteresting that inwhich that inwhich 定语从句中只能用as而不能用which 或that 的场合 下列结构中 理解为插入语 aswe all know asiswellknown asisknowntoall everybody aswasexpected announced imagined ashasbeensaidbefore aswecansee assbpointedout ashasbeenpointedout asisoftenthecase 情况常是这样 asismentionedabove 先行词受such as thesame修饰时 注意 thesame在此处的含义是指先行词与定语从句里所指代的内容在大小 外形 款式等方面是一样的 不是指同一事物 ireceivedasniceagiftasmymotherpromised 但若先行词与关系词在定语从句中所指代的内容是指同一件东西时 关系词则需用that thisisthesamepenthatilostyesterday 非限制性定语从句放在句首时asisknowntoall chinaisadevelopingcountry hasbeenannounced weshallhaveourfinalexamsnextmonth a thatb asc itd what 3 关系副词 用关系副词when时 先行词指时间 when在定语从句中作时间状语 when可换成 介词 关系代词 istillrememberthedaywhen onwhich ifirstcametonanjing myfatherwasbornintheyearwhen inwhich worldwar brokeout when 用关系副词where时 先行词指地点 where在定语从句中作地点状语 where可换成 介词 关系代词 thisisthefarmwhere onwhich weworkedwhenwewereyoung theschoolwhere inwhich hismotherteachesisinthewestofthecity where 用关系副词why时 先行词指原因 why在定语从句中作原因状语 why可换成 介词 关系代词 thereareseveralreasonswhy forwhich theboysshouldbepunished tomcouldn tgivetheteacherthereasonwhy forwhich hewaslateforschool why 关系副词的用法注意点 1 当point situation case occasion stage等词作先行词表示 情况 境地 场合 等意思时 其后常由where引导定语从句 where在句中作状语 canyouthinkofasituationwherethisphrasecanbeused 2 关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用 介词 关系代词 引导的定语从句来表示 fromtheyearswhen inwhichhewasgoingtoprimaryschoolinthecountryhehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewup greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere inwhichtheylive thereasonwhy forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear markwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to2003 hestudiedveryhardandwasmadechairmanofthestudents union a duringwhichtimeb forwhichtime c duringwhosetimed bythattimethatisthehotel westayedlastyear a inthatb inwhichc whyd atwhich 关系代词和关系副词的作用 关系代词和关系副词如何区别 1 thereason hemissedthespeechisthatheforgotthetime 2 thereason hegaveussoundedreasonable 3 i llneverforgettheday wespenttoge