英语发音规则.doc

英语发音规则字母是书写英语单词的最小单位，音素是语言中最小的发音单位。字母分为元音字母和辅音字母两种。英语单词中的字母和单词读音中的各个音素并不都存在着对应关系。有时一个字母对应一个音素，有时两个或三个字母对应一个音素。字组指的是一个或几个字母在一起，发一个音素。字组是拼读英语单词的基本单位，一个字组对应着一个音素。字组能很好地体现出单词的拼写和读音之间的对应关系，一个字组总是对应着一个因素。字组分为元字组和辅字组两类，元字组是对元音字母和元音字母组合的合称；辅音组是对辅音字母和辅音字母组合的合称。元音字母重读开音节和闭音节中的读音A在开音节中/e/：name, plane, Jane, baby, cake在闭音节中1一般读作/：bag, dad, hat, map, black, back2后面字母为后面字母为st, ss, th时读/:/E在开音节中/i:/：he, these, me, Chinese在闭音节中/e/：bed, let, pen, desk, yes, eggI在开音节中/a/：bike, drive, time, nice, kite在闭音节中/：fish, big, drink, sit, milk, swimO在开音节中/：those, close, go, hoe, home, no在闭音节中/：clock, not, box, shop, sockU在开音节中1./ju:/：student, excuse, duty, Tuesday2.元音字母u在辅音字母j、l、r或字母组合ch、sh、tr、dr后面时（辅音字母发音为、t、d、l、r、tr、dr）, 读/u:/, 例如：June, blue, ruler, true。在闭音节中/：bus, cup, jump, much, lunch元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音A在/w/音后面/：want, what, watch, wash, quality在f, n, sk, ph, sp, ss, st, th, lm前/:/：after, plant, ask, grasp, glass, fast, fatherI在-nd, -ld和gh前/a/：find, child, light, highO在-st, -ld前/：most, postcard, old, cold在m, n, v, th前/：come, monkey, love, mother元音字母在非重读音节中的读音A/：China, another, woman, breakfast动词中的a如果处在开音节位置, 作动词后缀音, a读/e/音, 例如：operate, a处在开音节位置, E/：hundred, student, open, weekend, chicken, childrenI/：holiday, beautiful, family, animal/a/：exercise, satelliteO/：second, tonight, somebody, welcome/：also, zero, photoU/：autumn, difficult/ju:/ ：popular, congratulation, January在辅音字母j, l, r, s后面时, 读/或/u:/音, 例如：July, influence, February, issue。在非重读音节中, 许多单词中的元音字母a, e, i既可以读/的音, 也可以读/的音。-R音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音AR/:/：car, farm, dark, sharpener在/w/音后面/:/：warm, quarter, towardsOR/:/：forty morning short/:/：word worker worseER, IR, UR/:/：certainly bird Thursday注：辅音字母r双写时, 前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节, 而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如：carry, sorry, hurry。-r音节在非重读音节中通常读/音, 例如：dollar, teacher, martyr, forget, Saturday。-RE音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音ARE/e/：care, dare, hareERE/：here, mereIRE/a/：fire, hire, wireORE/:/：more, score, beforeURE/j/：pure, cure-RE/：centre, fibre, titre, meagre, saltpetre注：are, ere, ire, ore很少出现在非重读音节中, ure在非重读音节中读/音, 例如：picture, pleasure。重读元音字母加r, 再加非重读元字组时, 重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读, 字母r读/r/音。例如：parent, zero, story, during, inspiring。另外, 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orange, very, American, paragraph。元音字组在重读音节中的读音AI, AY/e/：afraid, rain, wait, day, playAIR/e/：air, hair, chair, pair, repairAL在l, k前/:/：small, ball, talk, wall, all, talk, /:l/：always, also, salt, almost在f, m前/:/：half, calmAU, AW/:/：autumn, daughter, drawEA/i:/：teach, easy, cheap, please/e/：heavy, bread, sweater, weather/e/：break, greatEAR/：hear, dear, near, clear, year/e/：bear, pear, wear, swear/:/：earth, learn, earlyEE/i:/：jeep, week, green, threeEER/：pioneer, deer, beerEI, EY/e/：eight, neighbour, they/i:/：seize, keyEU, EW在j, l, r, s后/u:/：flew, brew, jewelry, jewel/ju:/：new, few, newspaperIE, EI/s/音之后/i:/：piece, field, receiveOA/：coat, Joan, boat, goalOAR, OOR/:/：roar, board, door, floorOI, OY/：noise, point, boy, toiletOO/u:/：broom, food, tooth, school, zoo/：book, look, cook, foot, good, footballOU, OW/a/：flower, house, count, down/：know, row, throw, though/：young, country, enough/u:/：group, soupOUR/:/：course, your, four/a/：our, hour, sour/:/：journeyOUL/：would, should, could(主要是情态动词、助动词）UI在j, l, r, s后/u:/：fluid, suicide, tuition/u:/：juice, fruit, suit非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音AI, AY, EI, EY/：foreign, monkeyOW/：yellow, sparrow, tomorrow注：元音字组在非重读音节中通常读/音或/音。例如：serious, famous, biscuit, coffee, neighbour-SION, -TION/n/：impression, nation在元音字母后/n/：vision, decision, occasion在s后/tn/：question, suggestion-ISLE/al/：aisle, Carlisle-STEN/sn/：listen-STLE/sl/：whistle-SURE/：pleasure, measure-TURE/t/：picture, culture元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号, 但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如：everyday/e/, handbag/, blackboard/:/。有些词随着语言的发展, 前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义, 融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如：holy（神圣）+day/e/（日子）=holiday/（假日）：break（中断）+fast/:/（斋戒）=breakfast/（早餐）；cup（茶杯）+board/:/（木板）=cupboard/（碗柜）。辅字组的读音B/b/：bike, bus, bag/不发/：bomb, tombC在e前或在i, y前/s/：face, decide, cinema, bicycle其他情况/k/：cake, picture, coat, music/t/：cello, concertoCH/t/：much, chick, rich, teacher/k/：school, headache, chemistry（主要为希腊外来词）/：machine, moustache（主要是法语外来词）-CK/CQk：cock, pocket, black, knock, checque, CZt：CzechD/d/：doctor, bread, hand, day-DG(E)/d/：bridge, fridgeDR-/dr/：children, driver, drinkDS/dz/：hands（主要用于可数名词复数）F/f/：five, four, breakfast/v/：ofG/g/：bag, garden, go在e, i, y之前一般读作/d/, 少数例外, orange, large, German, apology, giante, i, y之前少数情况下读/：genre, massageGH/f/：cough, enough/不发/：light, daughter, highGU-, -GUE/g/：guess, league, dialogue(-gue在非重读音节中)/gw/：language, anguishH/h/：hot, head, house, hand/不发/：hour, honestJ/d/：jeep, jar, joke, join, June/：Jacques（用于法国人名）/h/：Juanita（用于西班牙人名）K/k/：kind, bike, skate, make, weekKN-/n/：knife, know, knockL/l/：life, lead, lot（出现在元音前面）/：milk, school, tall出现在元音后面。可以出现在辅音前, 也可出现在辅音后（词尾）M/m/：monkey, come-MN/m/：autumn, column, solemnN/n/：not, shine, ten, note在/k/、/g/音前/：uncle, thank, hungry-NG/：morning, young, wrongP/p/：paper, plane, pig, ship, penPH/f/：elephant, photo, telephone, graphQ/k/：IraqQU-/kw/：quality, quiteR/r/：red, rubber, rulerRZ/：Zabrze（扎布热）S在词首、清辅音前/s/：sit, sleep, desk元音字母间或浊辅音前/z/：music, husbandsure结构或s+i/e+元音字母时读作/或/。/：ensure, Asian. /：pleasure, conclusion.SC-/sk/：scarlet在i, e和y之前/s/：scenery, scienceSCH-/：schedule 英 /edju:l/, 美/skedul/SH/：she, fish, shirt, washT/t/ten, letter, meet在弱读字母ia, ie, io前/patient, nationTCH/t/watchTH/thin, thirty, method/the, these, with, than, clothe, father, weather（在冠词、代词、介词、连词中, 以及在词尾-the, -ther中TR-/tr/tree, train, country, truckTS, TZ/ts/ Tsingtao(青岛), Tientsin(天津), pants（主要用于可数名词复数）quartz, Hertz 英/h:z/ 美/h:rts/（用于德国人名）V/v/very, voice, love,