读书报告5_增二氧化碳浓度增氮供应对减少一枝黄花属叶片疾病和光合作用的影响.ppt

elevated co2 andincreasednsupplyreduceleafdiseaseandrelatedphotosyntheticimpactsonsolidagorigida 提高co2浓度和增加n供应对减少一枝黄花属叶片疾病和光合作用的影响 joachimstrengbom peterb reichoecologia 2006 149 519 525 期刊介绍 生态学 oecologia 国际生态学会出版 在isi科技引文生态学类期刊中位于前列 此刊物主要登载关于生理生态学 种群生态学 植物 动物相互关系 生态系统生态学 群落生态学 生态保护方面的文章 也刊登一些评论性文章及生态学研究方法进展方面的学术论文 主编 j r ehleringer saltlakecity c h peterson moreheadcity m schaefer gottingen e d schulze bayreuth 作者介绍 mygainsandthinking introduction discussion results materialsandmethods outline introduction evaluatedwhetherleafspotdiseaseandrelatedeffectsonphotosynthesisareinfluencedbyincreasednitrogen n inputandelevatedatmosphericco2concentration co2 introduction 评估增加氮供给和提高大气co2浓度对叶斑病和光合作用的影响 pathogenicfungimayhaveaprofoundimpactonplantcommunitiesbyinfluencingvariousecosystemprocessessuchasprimaryproductivityandplantcommunitystructure 引起疾病的真菌在生态系统进程中对植物群落有深刻的影响 比如 主要生产力和植物群落结构humanrelatedactivitiesareknowntoincreaseatmosphericco2concentration co2 andtherateofnitrogen n deposition whichindependentlyorincombinationarelikelytohavelargeeffectsonstructureandfunctioninterrestrialplantcommunities 与人类相关的活动被认为是大气co2浓度的增加和n素储存速率的增加 不论是其单独的或是相联合的活动 都可能很大程度上影响到地球植物群落的结构和功能 introduction increasedknowledgeofhowinteractionsbetweenplantsandpathogensmayvarywithchangesintheseabioticglobalchangefactorsmayberequiredtoaccuratelypredicttheireffectsonplantecosystemfunctioningandstructureinthefuture 增加一些了解 在全球非生命因素改变下植物和病原体是如何进行相互作用的 也许可以精确的预测将来它们对植物生态系统功能和结构的影响 althoughitiswellestablishedthatleafdiseasesreducethephotosyntheticcapacityofplantsandthatelevated co2 andincreasedninputmayinfluencethephotosyntheticratesofplants 尽管叶片疾病会减少植物光合作用能力 但是提高co2浓度和增加n的输入会影响植物的光合速率 introduction wedonotknowofanystudiesthathaveexaminedhownegativeeffectsonphotosyntheticratesfrompathogenicfungiareaffectedbysimultaneousincreasein co2 andnsupply 我们不知道有哪一个研究调查过同时存在增加co2浓度和供应n的情况下引起疾病的真菌对光合速率有怎样的消极影响 introduction introduction fungi co2 n weexamineddiseaseincidenceandphotosyntheticrateofsolidagorigidagrowninmonocultureunderambientorelevated 560 mol mol 1 co2 andambientorelevated 4gnm 2year 1 nconditionsinafieldexperimentinminnesota usa 我们检测了美国明尼苏达州生长在环境单作下的一枝黄花属和生长在增加co2浓度和提高n的条件下一枝黄花属的发病率和光合速率 studysiteandexperimentaldesigndiseaseincidenceandseveritygasexchangeandrelativephotosyntheticrateplantbiomass ncontent andchemicalanalysesstatisticalanalyses materialsandmethods materialsandmethods biocon biodiversity carbondioxide andnitrogeneffectsonecosystemfunctioninghttp www lter umn edu biocon materialsandmethods n fertilizedwithnh4no3atarateof4gn m 2year 1 experimentaldesign 10m inthepresentstudy weusedasubsetofplots monoculturesofs rigida withinthisexperiment 在这次研究中 我们用单作的一枝黄花属作为本次试验小区的子集 materialsandmethods forthes rigidaplots eachtreatmentisreplicatedtwice n 2 eightplotsintotal 对于小区来说 每一个处理设两次重复 一共八个小区 diseaseincidenceandseverityinmid june2003 weestimatedthediseaseincidencebyscoringleavesofs rigidaforleafspotdiseasesineachstudyplot 2003年6月中旬我们通过对一枝黄花属具有划痕叶片的叶斑病的了解在每一个小区内评估了疾病的发生率 materialsandmethods weusedtheuthscsaimagetoolprogram version3 00 tomanuallydigitalizetheleafareaandtheareawithvisuallesions 我们用uthscsa图像处理分析工具对叶片区域和可以看见的有损伤的区域进行处理 materialsandmethods themajorityofthelesionsondiseasedleaveswereduetoinfectionbycercosporasp 在生病的叶上损伤的多数部分是由尾孢属影响的 onafewleaves wealsofoundafewconidiaofseptoriasp indicatingthatthispathogenwasalsopresent 在少数的叶片上 我们也发现了少量的壳针孢属的分生孢子 这标志着这些病原体也出现 materialsandmethods gasexchangeandrelativephotosyntheticrateafterscoringtheplotlevelofdisease wemarkedandtookdigitalimagesofanumberofasymptomaticanddiseasedleavesineachplot 我们在每一个小区中对划痕感病的和无病症的叶片进行数字图像处理 materialsandmethods weusedtheseleavestomeasuretheinsituratesofleafnetphotosynthesisbyusingciras 1portableinfraredgasexchangesystems ppsystems hitchin uk operatedinopenconfigurationwithcontrolledtemperature co2concentration andvaporpressure 我们通过手提式红外气体交换仪对原地的叶片进行净光合速率的测定 在布局的地方控制好温度 co2浓度和水蒸汽压 materialsandmethods theaveragenetphotosynthesisoverthethreemeasurementswasusedasanestimateofthephotosyntheticrateforanindividualleaf 对所取的叶片 我们对其所测的净光合速率均测定三次以上 materialsandmethods materialsandmethods 生物量n含量和化学分析 statisticalanalysestoanalyzefordifferencesindiseaseseverityandincidencebetweenthetreatmentsweusedanova 感病的严重性和发生率 differencesinbiomassaccumulation 积累 naccumulationandnandcconcentration n和c的浓度 wereanalyzedbyanova materialsandmethods wealsousedanovawiththeabsolutephotosynthetic 完全光合速率 rateforeachleafmeasuredasdependentvariableanddiseasestatus symptomaticorasymtomatic oftheleaf levelsco2andnasfactors materialsandmethods fig 1abundanceoffoliardiseaseons rigidashowingtheaverageproportionofdiseasedleaves diseaseincidence andtheaverageproportionofleafareadiseased diseaseseverity plantsweregrownunderambientorelevated co2 andnsupplyoracombinationofboth themajorityofthelesionsondiseasedleaveswereduetoinfectionbycercosporasp onafewleaves wealsofoundafewconidiaofseptoriasp errorbarsrepresent se 感病的比例 results s rigidagrownunderelevated co2 anova f1 2 594 43 p 0 002 andincreasednsupply f1 2 24 89 p 0 038 showedlowerdiseaseincidence proportiondiseasedleaves thanplantsgrownunderambientconditions 增加co2浓度和n供应的要比环境发病率低 results diseaseincidencewasonaveragemorethantwiceashighunderambientasunderelevated co2 whereasunderincreasednsup plytheincidencewasabout30 lowercomparedtoambientconditions 环境co2浓度的发病率比增加co2浓度的发病率高2倍多 wefoundnointeractionbetweenthetwotreatments f1 2 0 947 p 0 433 andtheeffectsofco2andnondiseaseincidenceweresimilaratbothlevelsoftheothertreatment 相似性 results fig 2nitrogenconcentrationin2003inabovegroundpartsofs rigidagrownunderambientorelevatedco2andnconditionsoracombinationofboth errorbarsrepresent se results thenadditiontreatmenthadamarginallysignificanteffectontissue n anova f1 4 4 71 p 0 096 andelevatedco2resultedinsignificantlylower by13 tissue n f1 4 16 04 p 0 016 增加n供应条件下的发病率要比环境条件下的发病率大约低13 results athenfertilizationtreatmentwas4gnm2year 1 inanovaanalysesofco2 n andyearandtheirinteractions ntreatmentwastheonlysignificant p 0 05 effectonbiomass f1 8 10 18 p 0 013 andtotaln f1 8 19 29 p 0 002 在方差分析co2与n的相互作用中 只有n处理显著影响生物量和总n overall theabsolutephotosyntheticratewaslowerondiseasedleavesthanonasymptomaticleaves anova f1 76 37 80 p 0 001 总体上感病的叶片净光合速率要比无症状的低 sincethemeasurementsweretakenonasymptomaticareasoftheleavesregardlessofdiseasestatus ourdatashowthattheevectofthefoliardiseaseextendsbeyondthevisualareaofthelesions 通过对感病叶片无症状的