初三Unit12Lifeisfulloftheunexpected讲解及练习.docx

10 / 10新目标英语九年级Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected知识点讲与练过去完成时1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。2.时间状语：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc. 3.基本结构：have/has + done 4.否定形式：have/has + not +done. 5.一般疑问句：have或has提前概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）。-|- |-|-那时以前 那时 现在构成：过去完成时由助动词 had + 过去分词构成，其中 had 通用于各种人称。They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning.二、过去完成时的判断依据1. 由时间状语来判定一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.（ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.2. 由过去的过去来判定。过去完成时表示过去的过去，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：（ 1 ）宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：When I got to the station, the train had already left.After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.注意： before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：Where did you study before you came here?After he closed the door, he left the classroom.（ 3 ）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.3. 根据上、下文来判定。I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing.三、过去完成时的主要用法1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在过去的过去。如：When I woke up, it had stopped raining.我醒来时，雨已经停了。（主句的动作发生在过去的过去）2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是过去的过去，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如：He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在 told 之前 )3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already ， yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等时间副词及 by ， before ， until 等引导的短语或从句连用。如：Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。如： By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. （ had worked 已有了 20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能）四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为助动词 have (has) + 过去分词；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调过去的过去，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。试比较：I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。- Im sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。- Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.没什么，我只等了几分钟。（等的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在）- John returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。- Where had he been?他去哪儿了？（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即过去的过去）五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调过去的过去；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较：They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。如：She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。如：He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paperI (had) called her before I left the office.过去完成时可表示过去未曾实现的想法和打算，通常连用的动词是 want, think, hope, plan, mean, expect, intend, suppose 等：I had meant to come, but something happened. 我本想来，但有事就没有来。I had intended to speak, but time did not permit. 我本想发言，但时间不允许。We had hoped that you would come to see us, but you didnt. 我们本想你来看我们的，但你没有来。过去完成时练习题1. 单项选择1He asked me _ during the summer holidays.A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone2. What _ Jane _ by the time he was sever?A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt4. She _lived here for _ years.A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked6. She said she _ the principle alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen7. She said her family _ themselves _ the army during the war.A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with8. By the time he was ten years old, he _.A. has completed university B. has completed the universityB. had completed an university D. had completed university9. She had written a number of books _ the end of last year.A. for B. in C. by D. at10. He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old.A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano.11. What _ Annie _ by the time he was ten?A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done12 .He _ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work13. By the end of last week, they _ the bridge.A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed14. Ben hates playing _ violin, but he likes playing _ football.A. athe B. the the C. / the D. the/15. By the time he was 4, he _ a lot of German words.A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _ the classroom.A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left17.They _ in Guangzhou since 2000.A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living18. The train from Beijing_ ten minutes ago.A. has arrived B. was arriving C. arrived D. had arrived19. The students _ their classroom when the visitors arrived.A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned20. Fergie_ the project in one hour.A. have finished B. will finish C. finishes D. has finished21. The man _ his coat and went out.A. put on B. had put on C. will put on D. was putting on22 My mother_ in that factory at the age of 18.A. had worked B. has worked C. worked D. works23. Dad _ while he _ TV.A .fell asleepwatch B. was falling asleepwatched C. fell asleepwas watching D. had fallen asleepwatched2.用动词的适当形式填空1. We _ (paint) the house before we _ (move) in.2. That rich old man _ (make) a will before he _ (die).3. They _ (study) the map of the country before they _ (leave).4. The robbers _ (run away ) before the policemen _ (arrive).5. I _ (turn off) all the lights before I _ (go) to bed.6. Paul _ (go) out with Jane after he _ (make) a phone call.7. Tom _ (say) he _ (read) the book twice.8. Our plan _ (fail ) because we _ (make) a bad mistake.9. When the chairman _ (finish) speaking, he _ (leave)the hall.10.The Reads _ _ (have) lunch when I _(get) to their house.11.When I _(arrive) at the station, he _(leave).12.We _(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.13. I waited until he _(finish) his homework.14. We were surprised at what she _already _(do)15.She _(not go) to Qingdao because she _ (go) there before.16. He _(not tell) you the news yet.17. He said he _already_(give) the book to the teacher.18. I _(be) to Shanghai before.19. She told me she _(be) to Sanya three times.20.She _(play) the guitar while her sister_(sing). 本单元重点知识讲解1. By the time I got outside, the bus hand already left. 介词by的主要用法a. 通过某种抽象的方式和手段He makes a living by writing. (思考：与with的区别)b. 由，被表被动That movie was directed by Zhang Yimou.c. 乘坐某种交通工具He often goes to school by bus. (思考：与in，on的区别)d. 靠近（表位置）They live by a road.e. 将近，临近（表时间相当于：not later than, before）You must be home by 11:00 p.m.By the time we woke up, mum had already cooked for us. (by和表过去的时间连用时，动词一般用过去完成时)。Practice1. He went to school_ his fathers car this morning. A. in B. on C. with D. by2. By the time of last term, we _ over 2000 English words.A. have learned B. had learned C. were learning D. learned3. They are walking _ the river. A. across B. in C. on D. by4. You can cut the banana into pieces _ this knife. A. with B. in C. on D. by2. Leave的主要意思，用法如下：a. 离开（v.） I leaves my home for work at 7:30.b. 留给（v.）You can leave your pet dog with your parents, they can look after it.c. 遗留 （v.）His father left him nothing when he died.d. 遗忘（v.）常用搭配为leave sth +地点: He left his key at home.e. 假期 （n.）She asked for a days leave yesterday.Practice5. On Monday morning, John got up late. So by the time he got to the bus stop, the bus_A. left B. leaved C. had leaved D. had left6. Dont forget _ it to school tomorrow, please. A. forget; to take B. left; to bring C. forgot to bring D. left; to taken3. All of the spaghetti across the country had been sold out.V+out 短语总结：Give out分发；发放 hand out分发；发放 work out 得出（结果；总数等）run out of 用光；耗尽 go out 出去；熄灭 find out 查明；弄清look out 当心 take out 拿出4. Life is full of the unexpected.The+adj.用法小结：a. The+adj.表示某一类型的人。The rich富人 the poor 穷人 the blind 盲人 the sick 病人 the old 老人He set up a school for the deaf and the dumb. 他创建了一所聋哑学校。b. The +分词形容词表示某一类型的人The wounded伤员 the killed 被杀者c. The+国籍形容词表示全体国民 the English 英国人Practice1. In the novel, the hero stole from_ to give to _A. a rich; a poor B. rich; poor C. the rich; the poor D. riches; poors2. Those of us who are sighted dont understand_（盲人的问题）。5. My alarm clock didnt go off! 这句话中的go off是什么意思？ _Bob went off alone. 这句话中的go off是什么意思？ _Meat goes off quickly in hot weather. 这句话中的go off是什么意思？ _请总结以下短语的中文意思：Go against go ahead go away go downGo bad go out go back go throughGo over go well go along go after go all out6. I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first注意：be about to do的后面不能接具体的时间做状语，但能接when引导的时间状语从句作状语。PracticeMy father _ turn on the TV when the power was off.A was going to B. was about to C. will D. was to本单元课堂小练一 单项选择1. _the plane_, the doctors had already been there.A. On the time; lands B. In the time; landing C. At times; had landed D. By the time; landed2. The street lights come on at dusk and _ at dawn.A. go down B. go up C. go off D. go out3. The boy sat on the curb and watched the cars_.A. go by B. go off C. go down D. go on4. You should keep the window _ because the room is too hot.A. open B. opening C. opened5. The boats take different routes, but they all _ in the same place.A. give up B. clear up C. end up D. make up6. Its impolite to _ in line, we should _ in line.A, cut; wait B. keep; keep C. wait; keep7. We all know the sun_ in the east.A. rise B. rose C. rises D. rising8. The _waiter came up to us and said, “You are welcome.”A. smiling B. smiled C. smile D. to smile 9. If you want to make your dream_ reality, you should work even harder.A. turn up B. turn into C. turn on D. turn to 10. She had to _ her share of the company.A. sell out B. bring out C. take out D. make out 11. I left my keys in the room yesterday, I had to get in _the window.A. in B. through C. over D. to12. She _ a towel on the sand and lay on it.A. spread B. teach C. combine D. start二 完形填空A littleboynamed Harry became very ill. He had to lie in bed all day, unable to move. He spent his daysfeeling 36 and blue.There wasnt much he could do except look out of the 37 . Time passed, and his illness frustrated him.Until one day he saw a strange 38 in the window. It was a penguin eating a sausage sandwich. The penguingot in 39 the open window, and said “good afternoon” to Harry, turned around, and 40 quickly.Of course, Harry was very 41 . He was still trying to work out what had happened. Outside his window hesaw a monkey busy blowing up a balloon. At first Harry asked himself 42 that could possible be, but after a while, as more and more crazy looking 43 appeared outside the window he couldnt help 44 and found it hard to stop. An elephant jumped on astone, or a dog wore a pair of glasses and acted in a 45 way. The little boy didnt tell anyone about this. Those strange characters ended up putting joy back in his heart, and in his body. Before long, his health had 46 so much that he was able to go back to school again. There he told his classmates all that he had 47 . While he was talking to his best friend, he saw 48 coming out of his friends school bag. Harry asked his friend what it was, and he was so insisted(坚持) that 49 his friend had to show him what was in the bag.There, inside, were all the things thathisbest friend had been using to try to 50 the littleboy.And from that day on, Harry always did h isbestto make sure that no one felt sad and alone.36. A. happyB. sadC. excitedD. cool37. A. roofB. holeC. windowD. wall38. A. photoB. paintingC. signD. shape39. A. aboveB. belowC. overD. through40. A. leftB. sleptC. flewD. drove41. A. annoyedB. surprisedC. boredD. tired42. A. whatB. whichC. whenD. when43. A. peopleB. studentsC. childrenD. characters44. A. cryingB. laughingC. runningD. coughing45. A. funnyB. rudeC. DullD. Strict46. A. frownB. improvedC. increasedD. developed47. A. actedB. heardC. experiencedD. dreamed48. A. somethingB. anythingC. nothingD. everything49. A. quicklyB. suddenlyC. immediatelyD. finally50. A. cheer upB. give upC. make upD. put up三 完成下列各句的翻译。1. 昨天我把伞忘在了火车上。_2. 我到家的时候，爸爸已经睡觉了。_3. 在那一天许多人都相互戏弄开玩笑。_4. 毕竟，我要减肥可不是要失去我的健康。_5. 你应该早点起床，否则会误机。_四根据短文内容，用文框中所给词汇的适当形式填空。（其中两项多余）friend，have，until，but，invite，in，mother，beautiful，because，put, on , and We are going to have a party in our house this evening. It is my（51） _ birthday， and she（52）_ my uncles and aunts and some of her（53）_. Mother and I are asked to cook most of the food for the party， and father is getting the drinks. The living-room looks very pretty. Balloons of all colours are hanging from the lights and we have taken the carpets away（54）_ we are going to dance there after dinner. In the dining-room we（55）_ out the best plates and glasses and tablecloths， and it all looks（56）_. We are going to have soup， fish，chicken，fruit and cheese. We are going to dance（57）_ midnight，and after that，we will have more food，because we will be hungry after all that dancing.Last year my mother（58）_ her birthday party in a restaurant，（59）_ it is cleaner and cheaper at home. When it is my birthday，I am going to invite my friends and have a party in the garden. I will hang pretty lights（60）_ the trees and we will grill our food in the garden and dance on the grass.五完成对话A: Hi, Mandy, did you enjoy your winter vacation?B: Yes, Bob. How about you? What did you do?A: I went 1 with some of my friends.B: It was exciting. I know you are interested in taking 2 by doing different out activities. Did you enjoy yourselves?A: Not really. We were 3 enough on that day.B: So what happened.?A: In the morning, it was sunny. Everybody was excited when climbing the mountain at noon, the weather 4 a lot, it began to snow heavily. Very soon, the mountain was 5 with the white snow.B: You should 6 and went back at once.A: Actually we did. But on the way back home, I 7 and hurt my knee. My friends had to carry me on their backs.B: You should be careful and know the importance of being 8 when climbing mountains. Did you hurt 9 seriously?A: Yes, I had to stay in the hospital for a week.B: Oh, it was a long time.A: But I read a lot of bo