定语从句语法规则.doc

.定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例） 例： The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was a drunk.定语从句 在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。 例： The girl who is behind the tree is Kate. The man who was driving too fast was a drunk.关系词判 断 步 骤 : 首先，要辨别出先行词。 如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用who, that, whom ,whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that1.which指物，做主语或宾语 (作宾语可省 略, 如介词提前则不能省)2.who指人,做主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）3.whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省) 4.关系代词that 指人/物，做主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）先行词 主格 宾格 所有格 人who, thatwho(m),that whose 物Which ,thatWhich ,thatwhose, of which定语从句中需注意事项有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which1.从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that引导从句.This is the most interesting story ( that )I have ever heard.The first meeting ( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon.2.先行词是all, something, nothing, anything不定代词时,只能用that. Here is something ( that) I will tell you. Not all that glitters is gold.3.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that引出从句 I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that) I see.4.先行词是one of, the one, 或用little ,few, no, all ,any 作修饰，用that Is it the one that you want ? We havent got much that we can offer you.5.当主句已有疑问词 who或which时，关系词用that Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?v 从例句中看出，who、that在许多情况下可以通用，但有时宜用 用who,而不用that1.先行词是one(s) ,anyone, someone, those时，关系词使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. One who has nothing to fear oneself dares to tell the truth. 2.在there be 句型中，先行词指人,关系词用who There is an old man who wants to see you. There are many young men who are against him.关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有3种作用。在从句中代替先行词。在句中作状语 连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句关系副词有三种： where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点. ( on in/atwhich)=that when: 在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。(on / inwhich)=that why: 在从句中作原因状语,指代原因 =that关系副词的用法： 1.where 的用法：(先行词应是地点名词） The hotel wasnt clean. + We stayed at the hotel=The hotel where we stayed wasnt cleanThe hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel which we stayed at wasnt clean The hotel 关系词略we stayed at wasnt clean 2.when的用法： （先行词应是表示时间的名词）Ill never forget the day. + I joined the League on that day. Ill never forget the day that I joined the League.(口语) Ill never forget the day on which I joined the League . Ill never forget the day when I joined the League.3.why的用法： ( 表示原因的名词)The reason why Im calling you is to invite you to a party.Th