材料硬度检测入门级培训英文资料.ppt

hardnesstraining basicsmethods application products erhardreimann zwickgmbh co kghardnesstrainingatsdl shanghai may2005 2 basics standards methods relatedproductsintroductionintohardnesstestmethods dis advantages applications1 1definitionofhardness1 2hardnesstestingofmetalsrockwell vickers knoop brinell martenshardness universalhardnesstesting 1 3hardnesstestingofplasticsandrubberballindentation shore irhd rockwell 3 terminologydefinition hardnessistheresistancethatabodyofferstoindentationbyanother hard body martens 1900 thetechnicalhardnessisamechanicalquantityfordescribingamaterialorthestateofamaterial thehardnesscannotbemeasureddirectly itmustbederivedfromprimarymeasurementquantities e g testload indentationdepth indentationarea hardnessvaluescanonlybecomparediftheyhavebeendeterminedviathesametestmethodwithidenticaltestparameters 4 anexplicithardnessvaluecanonlybecharacterisedviathefollowingcriteria definitionofthehardnessvalue indentorgeometryandmaterial sizeandindentationdurationattestload aswellasthetypeofloading stateandsurfacequalityofthespecimen thefollowingisattheforefrontforselectionofahardnesstestmethod economy timeforspecimenpreparation availabilityofmachinesanddevices 5 basics overview methods 6 basics standards methods relatedproductsintroductionintohardnesstestmethods dis advantages applications1 1definitionofhardness1 2hardnesstestingofmetalsrockwell vickers knoop brinell martenshardness universalhardnesstesting 1 3hardnesstestingofplasticsandrubberballindentation shore irhd rockwell agenda 7 mainlymethodswithstaticforceapplicationareusedformetals theindentor ball cone pyramid madeofsteel hardmetalordiamondispressedintothesurfaceofthespecimenwhichisplacedonahardandfixedbase thetestloadisappliedbumplesslywithadefinedapplicationtimeandduration theindentationismeasuredafterloadremovalformanytestmethods hardnesstestingofmetals 8 rockwell overview hardnesstestingaccordingrockwell hr depthmeasurement dineniso6508 1 9 scales rockwell scaleoverview rockwellhardness indenterpre load n totalload n 10 anpplicationrange rockwell applicationrange 120 diamond1 16 ball1 8 ball120 diamond1 16 ball hardnessrangehardnessindentationdepth1unitcalculationofinhv30min max max min hardness 11 rockwell applicationexamples 12 rockwell tips tipsforrockwell hr 1hr unitmeans2or1 mindentationdepthnodisplacementofspecimenduringtestingproperspecimensupport noburrnodirt specimen diamond preventdiamondofdamageregardcorrect choice ofscaleregardminimumthickness indentationdepth1 10or1 15 noimprintonsupportsurfaceregardminimumdistance 5mm noshocks vibrations strikes 13 rockwell productoverview zwickzhr reihe zwickzhu250zwickzhu187 5 zwickzhu0 2 z2 5 zwickzhu2 5 z2 5 zwick3106 new 14 vickers overview hardnesstestingaccordingvickers hv opticalindentationmeasurement dineniso6507 1 diniso4516 15 vickers tips tipsforvickers hv noshocks vibration strikescontactdiamond specimenwithoutshockuseatleastpolishedsurfacestakeanappropriatemagnification minimisemeas errorshorizontalspecimensupport nodirt specimen diamond preventdiamondofdamagetakeanappropriateloadregardminimumthickness indentationdepth1 10or1 5 d regardminimumdistance 3 d takecareofloaddependencyofvickers 16 vickers products overview zwickzhv1mzwickzhv2m zwickzhu250zwickzhu187 5 zwickzhu0 2 z2 5 zwickzhu2 5 z2 5 zwickzhv10azwickzhv10pc zwickproductsforvickershardnesstesting new new zwickzhv20 z2 5zwickzhv30 z2 5 17 knoop overview hardnesstestingaccordingknoop hk opticalindentationmeasurement iso4545 diniso4516 18 knoop advantages advantages knoop hk suitableforsmallspecimenowingtothehighdiagonallengthratioofapprox 7 1betterthanvickersforthinspecimenorlayersastheindentationisnotsodeep bythefactor4 butthediagonallengthsarethesamesuitableforbrittlematerialsowingtothelowsusceptibilitytocrackingnoinfluenceonthefunctionalityofthetestsurfaceowingtotheshallowtestindentations 19 knoop disadvantages disadvantages knoop hk timeconsumingtoachieveasufficientlyfinetestareasensitivityofthediamondindentortodamagetimeconsumingalignmentofthetestsurfacetoachievesymmetricaltestindentations 20 knoop products overview zwickproductsforknoophardnesstesting zwickzhv1mzwickzhv2m zwickzhu250 zwickzhu2 5 z2 5zwickzhu0 2 z2 5 zwickzhv10azwickzhv10pc new new zwickzhv20 z2 5zwickzhv30 z2 5 21 brinell overview hardnesstestingaccordingbrinell hb opticalindentationmeasurement dineniso6506 1 22 185x object 90 x objective45x objective15x objective applicationrange brinell applicationrange brinellhardness 23 brinell tips tipsforbrinell hv noshocks vibration strikescontacthard metallball specimenwithoutshockuseatleastdressedtosizesurfacestakeanappropriatemagnification minimisemeas errorshorizontalspecimensupportwithoutspecimenmovenodirt specimen diamond taketheloadingdegreeof10or30regardminimumthickness 1 33 d noimprintonsupportsurfaceregardminimumdistance 3 d 24 brinell productoverview zwickzhu250zwickzhu187 5 zwickzhu0 2 z2 5 zwickzhu2 5 z2 5 zwickzhv10azwickzhv10pc new zwickzhv20 z2 5zwickzhv30 z2 5 25 martens overview i hardnesstestingaccordingmartens hm hu depthmeasurement dineniso14577 1 26 structureofdineniso14577 dineniso14577 2003 05 metallicmaterials instrumentedindentationtestfordeterminationofhardnessandothermaterialparameterspart1 testproceduremacro f 2n h 6 m micro nano h 200nm differentgeometriesofindenterspart2 verificationandcalibrationofthetestingmachinedirect indirectverificationpart3 calibrationofreferencematerialsexamples 27 contentofdineniso14577 1 dineniso14577 part1 testprocedurea materialparameterhm hms hit eit cit rit indentationworkb typesofcontrolc1 complianceofmachinec2 areacorrectionforindenter h 6 m d diamondindentere influenceofsurfaceroughnessf theoreticalcorrelationtovickershardness 28 load unload curves evaluationoftheloadingandunloadingcurves somecharacteristics wplast welast hm f fmax hmax hms f sqrt loadingc huplast f fmax hr hmit f fmax hmin loading unloading 29 martenshardness indentationhardness materialparameterofmartenshardness hm evaluation 30 martens 1scale hm scaledineniso14577 materials conventionalmethods theinstrumentedindentationtestdeliversmaterial independentcomparablehardnessnumbers 31 martens tips tipsformartens hm noshocks vibrations strikescontactdiamond specimenwithoutshockuseatleastpolishedsurfaceshorizontalspecimensupport nodirt specimendiamondt preventdiamondofdamagechooseanappropriateloadregardminimundistanceand thickness indent depth1 10 indentationdepth 20 xmeanroughnessvalueidealareageometryforh 10 msufficient 32 martens productoverview zwickzhu0 2 z2 5 zwickzhu2 5 z2 5 zwickproductsformartenshardnesstesting 33 reboundhardnesstesting overview hardnesstestingtoleeb hl rebounddynamicmethod measurementofenergy astma956 34 r ckprallh rtepr fung advantages disadvantage advantages reboundhardnesstesting leeb hl extremelyshorttesttimesautomatictestsequencetestsinallpositions e g alsooverheadmeasurementbyusingcorrectionfactorssimplehandlingportabledevicedirectdisplayofthehardnessvaluedisadvantage testofspecimenthatarethinoroflowmassisproblematic 35 leeb products overview indentecreboundtester zwickdynapocket patented 36 basics standards methods relatedproductsintroductionintohardnesstestmethods dis advantages applications1 1definitionofhardness1 2hardnesstestingofmetalsrockwell vickers knoop brinell martenshardness universalhardnesstesting 1 3hardnesstestingofplasticsandrubberballindentation shore irhd rockwell agenda 37 hardnesstestingofplatics rubber i thehardnessofplasticscan inprinciple bedeterminedwiththemethodsofthemetalshardnesstesting however thehardnesstestmethodsballindentationhardness shorea dhardnessaswellasirhdhardnessandrockwellhardness scaler k haveproventobethepreferredmethods thereasonsforthisare ontheonehand thequiteoftenstronglypronounced timedependentmaterialbehaviourofpolymermaterials and ontheotherhand thelowcontrastratiooftheplasticindentationtothesurface theappliedtestmethodsthereforeusuallyincludeameasurementoftheindentationdepthundertestloadandadefinedholdtime 38 hardnesstestingofplatics rubber ii 39 ballindentationhardness overview hardnesstestingaccordingballindentation h depthmeasurement dineniso2039 1 40 ballindentationhardness advantages advantages ballindentationhardness h suitableforhardnesstestsevenunderroughconditionsowingtotherelativelylargeindentations suitablefortestingthehardnessofinhomogeneousand oranisotropi calmaterialssuitableforhardnesstestsonlargefinishedpartssimpleandrobustindentorcapabilityofbeingrationalisedorautomatedbythetestsequenceandevaluationinthesenseofonlinedataprocessing 41 ballindentationhardness disadvantages disadvantages ballindentationhardness h limitationwhentestingsmallspecimenowingtonecessarydistance s 10mm betweenthetestindentations aswellasthespecimenedgelimitingtheapplicationalrange especiallyatlowhardness theleastpossiblehardnesstobedeterminedaccordingtoteststandardish49 30 8 5n mm correspondsto forexample thehardnessofsoftpvcwithapprox 25 27 dopasplasticizer nocalibratedhardnesscomparisonplatesareavailable 42 ballindentationhardnessh products overview zwickzhu250 zwickzhu0 2 z2 5 zwickzhu2 5 z2 5 new zwickzhu0 2 z2 5 zwickzhu2 5 z2 5 zwick3106 43 shore overview hardnesstestingaccordingshorehardnessdepthmeasurement din53505 astmd2240 iso868 44 shore advantages advantages shoremethodofhardnesstestsonelastomersusedworldwidesmalltesters simplearrangementresultinginlowcostdevicessimpleoperationcanbeusedinalaboratorywithateststandanddefinedloadapplicationpressure andcanalsobeusedonsitebypressingthetesterverticallyontothespecimenbyhandtestsonspecimenorcomponentsarepossibleindependentofgravity even overhead oronverticalsurfacesgoodrepeatabilityandcompareabiltyofthemethodcapabilityofbeingrationalisedorautomatedbythetestsequence indentationdepthmeasurement andevaluationinthesenseofonlinedataprocessing 45 shore disadvantages disadvantages shoretestsonsmallpartssuchaso ringsarenotpossiblefracturedsurfacesleadtogreatertestdatascatterspecimenofthickness 2mmcannotbetestedaccordingtostandardnocalibratedhardnesscomparisonplatesareavailabletestingwithoutateststandisrelativelyunexact 46 shore products overview zwickshore teststand zwickproductsforshorehardnesstesting zwick311xshore analogue zwick3105shore irhdfully automated zwickshoredigital 47 irhd overview hardnesstestingacc irhd internationalrubberhardnessdegree depthmeasurement din53519 2 iso48 astmd1415 48 irhd advantages advantages irhdbetterreproducibletestareachievedonconcaveorconvexsurfacesthanwithshoreahardnessteststheirhdmicromethodcanbeusedforsmallproductsorforproductswithdimensionsofthicknessordiameterdownto1mm e g o rings indentationdepthchangesowingtorelaxationorcreepproceduresatthetimeoftestdatarecordingarerelativelysmall thisiscausedbythelongloadapplicationdurationascomparedtothatforshorea applicationduration3s 49 shore disadvantages disadvantages irhdtes