托业考试题型结构解题技巧.doc

一 托业考试题型结构1二 托业阅读题型高频考点总结1三 托业阅读理解解题技巧17一 托业考试题型结构阅读部分（75分钟 100题）V完成句子Incomplete Sentences40题VI短文填空Text Completion3组12题VII阅读理解ReadingComprehension- Single Passage- Double passage7-10组28题4组20题以上题型为托业完整考试的阅读题型，实际本公司的考试中出现完成句子与阅读理解概率大，短文填空不一定有，以下对完成句子与阅读理解做重点讲解，尤其是阅读讲解。二 托业阅读题型高频考点总结题型一 补全句子技巧skill 1 熟悉前缀skill 2熟悉后缀skill 3识别时间标识词skill 4 熟悉被动语态skill 5 辨别正确的介词用法skill 6 使用关系代词skill 1常用前缀1. after- 之后 afternoon, aftermath,后果，再生草 afterward2. ante- 之前 antedate,较正确日期为早的日期，antechamber接待室，前堂antecedent 前例，先行者3. anti- 反 antisocial, 不擅社交的，antibiotic抗生素antidote 解毒剂，矫正法4.auto- 自动 automobile, automatic, autobiography 自传5. bene- 好 benefit, beneficial, benign 6. bi- bin- 两个 bifocal, bicycle, binoculars7. circu- 绕 circulate, circular, circus8. co- col- 一起 cooperate, coworker, collect9. contra- 相反 contradict, contrary, contrast10.counter- 对立 counteract, counterfeit, counterpart11. dis- 缺少 disagree, disgrace, dishonest12.hyper- 过多 hypercritical, hyperbole, hypersensitive13.hypo- 太小 hypoactive, hypodermic, hypoglycemia14.il- 不 illogical, illegal, illegible15. in- 不 incorrect, inhumane, inability16. inter- 之间 international, interaction, interfere17. ir- 不 irresponsible, irregular, irrelevant18. mal- 差 malfunction, malpractice, malnourished19. mis- 错误 misfortune, mistake, misplace20. multi- 多 multilingual, multiple, multinational21. omni- 所有 omniscient, omnivorous, omnipotent22. over- 太 overactive, overflow, overdraw23. poly- 许多 polyglot, polygon, polytechnic24. post- 之后 postpone, postpaid, postscript25. pre- 之前 prefix, prefer, prehistoric26. pro- 之前 prologue, procedure, pronoun27. re- 重新 rewrite, repeat, replaceskill 2 熟悉后缀常见后缀 后缀 含义 词性 例子1. al 与。有关 adjective influential, provincial, financial2. ance 性质，状态 noun resistance, acceptance, extravangance3.-ancy 性质，状态 noun vacancy, pregnancy, redundancy4.-ary 与。有关 adjective primary, secondary, fiduciary5.-ate 。化 verb activate, reciprocate, elevate6.-ation,-tion 性质状态 noun inspiration, separation, deviation7.-en 。化 verb shorten, lengthen, fatten8.-ency 性质，状态 noun expediency, leniency, latency9.-fy 。化 verb beautify, clarify, specify10.-hood 性质，状态 noun childhood, adulthood, manhood11-ic 与。有关 adjective economic, scientific, scenic12.-ity 性质，状态 noun authenticity, publicity, civility13.-ize 引起变化 verb computerize, modernize, legalize14.-ly 以。方式 adverb clearly, yearly, ordinarily15.-ment 性质，状态 noun enjoyment, procurement, experiment16.-ness 性质，状态 noun kindness, darkness, likeness17.-ous 充满。 adjective nervous, anxious, jealous18.-ship 性质，状态 noun friendship, relationship, kinshipskill 3 识别时间标识词When? How Long? How often?Ago since usuallyAlready for generallyBefore until oftenAfter rarelyDuring weeklyNext month once a day练习1. How long has Mr. Block been working on the report?Mr. Block has been working on the report _.A. three hours agoB. for three hours2. When did the housekeeper clean the room?_ we left the room, she cleaned it.A. AfterB. Usually3. How long will Ms Colinas fill in?Ms Colinas will fill in _ Ms. Irzel is out of the hospital.A. untilB. already4. When does the secretary take notes?The secretary takes notes _ the meeting.A. oftenB. during5. How do tourists prefer to see a new city?Visitors _ prefer to start with a guided tour of the city.A. generallyB. whileskill 4 熟悉被动语态练习1. The viewers _ the opportunity to judge the performance.A. were given B. gave2. The shipment must _ carefully.A. handle B. be handled3. The food manager _ to eliminate theft.A. was told B. has told4. The flight _ on time.A. was left B. left5. The proposal _ now.A. can be mailed B. can mailSkill 5: 辨别正确的介词用法介词词组 用法 例子to Rome 目的地 I went to Rome.In Rome 位置 While I was in Rome, I saw many Roman ruins.From Rome 方向 I want from Rome to Vienna.From Rome 来源 I brought you this souvenir from Rome.To the meeting 目的地 I went to the meeting.In the meeting 位置 I was in the meeting all morning.From the meeting 方向 I went from the meeting to my office.At the meeting 期间 Some people got bored at (during) the meeting this Morning.At the airport 地点 I can catch a cab at the airport.At 9:00 具体时间 At 9:00, I arrived at work.From 9:00 to (until) 10:00 时间段 From 9:30 to 12:00, I attended a seminar.For one hour 时间段 I stopped for one hour to eat lunch.Since 10:00 从某点时间以来到现在Since 1:00, I have been working on this report.On February 6 日期 I start my new job on February 6.In one day 几天以内 I wrote the memo in one day.In two weeks 几星期以内 The package should arrive in two weeks.In April 在某月 His birthday is in April.In the morning 在上午 I ride the train in the morning.At night 晚间 It gets chilly at night.练习1. Ms. Legesse is _ a meeting right now.2. Class starts _ one month.3. Meet me _ noon.4. The meeting continued _ 5:30.5. Shes been the director _ Mr. Lee retired.Skill 6: 使用关系代词练习1.Here is the report _ you wanted to read.A. that B. it2. Mr. Peri is the chef _ created this dish.A. which B. who3. The person _ computer is still on must be working late.A. whose B. why4. The plants, _ are rare and exotic, require meticulous care.A. they B. which5. The tables _ are by the window are the most popular.A. who B. that补全句子练习1. The restaurant _ has just opened has a famous chef.A. whose B. who C. it D. that2. Negotiations will take place _ London.A. at B. in C. by D. to3. We were in _ with our supplier.A. agree B. agreeing C. agreement D. agreed4. Mrs. Dubois is a _ supervisor.A. confident B. confidence C. confidentially D. confidently5. Our store gets more business _ our new location.A. of B. to C. from D. in6. The proposal _ by messenger.A. delivered B. has delivered C. is delivered D. is delivering7. On what date did you _ the shipment?A. perceive B. deceive C. receive D. recede8. Two weeks ago, Mr. Uto _ his reservations.A. makes B. was made C. made D. has made9. All the members have arrived _ Mr. Sampson.A. accept B. without C. not D. except10. She expressed her _.A. appreciate B. appreciative C. appreciation D. appreciated11. Eliza Donato _ to Vice President in January.A. will promote B. will be promoting C. will be promoted D. promotes12. Mr. Yung sent a reminder to customers _ didnt pay t6heir bills.A. what B. whom C. which D. who13. Mr. Weber hired a new _.A. assist B. assistance C. assisted D. assistant14. Send a fax to _ the prices.A. verily B. verify C. verifying D. verified15. That product _ until recently.A. wasnt invented B. invented C. didnt invent D. invented16. Were sending Mary Sula to participate _ the seminar.A. at B. to C. from D. in17. The employees _ by the director to give suggestions.A. are asking B. asking C. are asked D. be asked18. Mr. Caputo usually _ with a translator.A. is traveled B. travel C. is traveling D. travels19. Her _ employer gave her a good recommendation.A. prevalent B. prevent C. preview D. previous20. Flight 201 will be arriving at Gate 7B _ time.A. by B. on C. at D. within题型二 阅读理解广告 通告 日历 图表 传真 表格 曲线图索引 信函 备忘录 时间表 告示题型托业考试的阅读理解有两种基本题型：一种是问文章讲述了什么： 主题思想和事实另一种是问文章暗示了什么： 推断和目的特点 例子针对主题思想提问 The main idea of this article is. The main topic of this article is . The author believes.针对事实提问 What happened? Who did what? How much .? How many .? How short .? Which of the following is Not mentioned? According to the article, what .?要求作推断的问题 What does the author imply? What do you think.? It can be inferred from the article that.? What can we infer from this passage?针对文章目的提问 Why was this article written? What is the purpose of this article? Why did the author write this memo?解题技巧1 辨认主题思想2 熟悉事实3 推测结论4 熟悉写作目的Skill 1 辨认主题思想文章的主题思想可以在不同位置出现，但一般都是在文章的开头部分。有时可以很准确地引用文中原句来表达主题思想，有时主题思想需总结得出。线索 1 主题细想可能是文章中的第一句话，这样读者就能够立刻知道文章在讲什么？例子: It is important to know how to write a good resume. A potential employer sees your resume before he or she ever meets you. Therefore, you must make sure your resume makes a good impression.主题思想： It is important to know how to write a good resume.线索 2 主题思想可能与文章第一句或前几句的表述正好相反，因为主题思想是对前面的反驳。例子： Many people think that business is a complicated field. But the principles that guide successful businesses are actually quite simple.主题思想： Business principles are simple.线索 3 主题思想可能是对文中第一句话（或前几句话）所含细节的归纳总结，因为文章开头用细节可以引起读者的兴趣。例子： The seats are comfortable, and the view outside the windows is lovely. The telephone, computer, printer, and fax machine are the latest models. It is obviously a luxury office. Like more and more offices these days. This one is in an automobile.主题思想： The changing workplace includes offices in automobiles.练习1. A. This year 250 billion dollars was spent on dogs and cats.B. Toys and clothes for pets are very popular. C. Pet owners spend a lot of time and money on their pets. D. There are doctors and even psychiatrists that specialize in pets.2. A. There were many famous military leaders in history. B. Alexander the Great led his troops from Greece to India. C. Genghis Khans empire stretched from China to Eastern Europe. D. General Eisenhower became President of the United States.3. A. The captain has to supervise the officers on the bridge. B. One of the functions of the captain is to perform marriages at sea. C. The captain is ultimately responsible for the safety of the passengers. D. The captain of a ship has many duties.4. A. The hotel has a large fitness center with an indoor pool. B. This hotel is the most luxurious in the city. C. There is a concierge on every floor. D. All rooms are suites with balconies.5. A. The modem transmits date at 14.4 bps. B. The monitor is not in color. C. My new computer does not have the latest technology. D. The software programs have not been upgraded.Skill 2 熟悉事实技巧核心线索 1 文中可能明确地表述了事实例子： The company is 20 years old.事实： The company is 20 years old.线索 2 句子的从句可能隐藏着事实例子： No one believed the company would succeed when it began twenty years ago in a small town.事实： The company is 20 years old.线索 3 文中同一事实可能用不同的词汇来表述例子： In the two decades since it opened its doors, the company has always been profitable.事实： The company is 20 years old. ( Two decades means the same as 20 years and opened its doors means the same as started.)练习General Statements1. The ships cabins are equipped for a passengers safety and comfort.2. Electronic mail is improving communication.3. The weather is seasonably cold.4. Medical research is under attack from animal rights groups.5. Oil companies are investigating alternate sources of fuels.Supporting FactsA. It was below freezing this morning.B. Life jackets are stowed under each bed.C. People find they write more often when they use e-mail.D. Protesters want to stop experiments on animals.E. All cabins have their own water purification system.F. Thousands of animal rights activists blocked the entrances to six research facilities.G. Oil, coal, and gas are limited resources.H. Correspondents from all over the world can send letters instantaneously via their computers.I. We expect more snow and ice later today.J. Solar energy may be one substitute for petroleum-based fuels.Skill 3 推测结论技巧核心线索 1 从重复的词语和相互关联的单词可以获得推测的线索。例子： Everyone wants to be with their families. Employees are happier if they have family time to take their children for bike rides, spend time with their parents, and go out to dinner with their spouse.推测： families, family, children, parents, spouse 暗示文章的主题与家庭有关。线索 2 从信息的组合形式，特别是一些似乎省略了的步骤获得推测线索。例子： On the first day of work, new employees report to orientation. There will be sessions on company policy, employee benefits, and product history. On the fourth days, employees will be assigned to a trainer in their department.推测： 介绍大会将持续3天线索 3 推测可能是陈述的下一个逻辑结果。例子： Everyone will want to buy the product.推测： 该产品制造商将赢利。练习1. The politician lost the election.A. She was absentminded.B. Her policies werent popular with the voters.C. She was elected on the first ballot.2. It took over an hour to drive just five miles.A. The traffic was very heavy.B. The distance was very long.C. Our car is very fast.3. Mozart could play the violin and harpsichord when he was only five.A. He was taught by his father.B. He didnt want to play the trombone.C. He was very precocious.4. A knowledgeable consumer waits until items go on sale.A. Smart shoppers like to save money.B. If you know you need something, buy it now.C. The best items are never on sale.5. Company earnings would have been higher had there been no strike.A. The workers will not go on strike.B. The striking workers reduced the profitability of the company.C. Earnings are always higher in the last quarter.Skill 4 熟悉写作目的练习1.We want to congratulate Mr. Prahinski, who was responsible for the award-winning design of our new handheld personal communicator.What is the purpose of this statement?A. To criticize B. To persuade C. To inform D. To praise2.I would like you to meet our new Front Desk Manager, Ms.Tamayo, who has been with our sister hotel in Rio.A. What is the purpose of this statement?B. A. To amuse B. To praise C. To inform D. To criticize3.In the future, I hope that there will be more attention paid to our customers needs and less time spent on your own personal affairs.What is the purpose of this statement?A. To apologize B. To praise C. To criticize D. To inform4.There are 365 days in a year, except in a leap year, when there are 366.What is the purpose of this statement?A. To inform B. To persuade C. To apologize D. To praise5. We apologize for the delay, but the severe weather patterns in the area have grounded all planes.What is the purpose of this statement?A. To persuade B. To apologize C. To amuse D. To criticize练习Question 1-5 refer to the following page from an appointment calendar.March28 Monday 31 ThursdayMeet train 6:42 at station 4:00 pm Teleconference29 Tuesday April 1Friday6:00 Tennis W/T. Kral 10:00 Staff meeting 11:00 Mr. James Gonsalves30 Wednesday 2 Saturday12:00 pm Lunch at Elizabeths Cafe 7:30 am John Ling-golf courseW/Ms. Wdlby 3 Sunday1.What is this calendar used for?A. To schedule appointmentsB. To organize ideasC. To cancel appointmentsD. To take notes2. Where is the appointment with John Ling?A. 7:30 P.M.B. After the weekendC.