【论文】《老人与海》中主人公的形象与命运分析.pdf

an analysis of the image and fate of the character in the old man and the sea iii abstract as is known to all ernest hemingway the famous american novelist had molded innumerable images about the dauntless man in his life and santiago in the old man and the sea is a supreme exponent of them this thesis tries to analyze santiago s image and fate in the old man and the sea the basis of this paper is the life experience of earnest hemingway and the social background of the old man and the sea through the analysis of santiago s image this paper finds that he is optimist self confident and owns courage but at the same time the paper also notes his loneliness after manolin s leave and his loneliness in fighting with marlin and sharks therefore this paper concludes hemingway s philosophy of life which is that although life is a battle full of loneliness and obstacles people should own courage unbending will unyielding determination and most importantly one should never yield to the predestined destiny the significance of this research is that it ont only make more comprehensive excavation and exploration for santiago s inner world but also is helpful to understand hemingway and his images of the dauntless man key words santiago images the old man and the sea dauntless man an analysis of the image and fate of the character in the old man and the sea iv 摘 要 摘 要 众所周知 美国著名小说家厄尼斯特 海明威一生中塑造过无数个 硬汉 形象 老人与海 中的圣地亚哥就是其中的典型 本论文试着对 老人与海 中 主角圣地亚哥的形象和命运进行分析 本文的立论依据在于结合海明威的生活经 历及 老人与海 的社会背景对该作品进行研究 通过探讨圣地亚哥的形象 本 文发现该主人公乐观自信 具有勇敢的男子气概 但同时他在曼诺林走后内心也 有孤独感 马林鱼和鲨鱼搏斗时感到彷徨和无力 因此 本文得出结论 海明威 的处世哲学是虽然生命是一场与孤独和困境之间的战争 人们应该拥有勇气 不 屈的意志 不服输的决心 永不向命运低头 本研究的意义在于对圣地亚哥的精 神世界做了更全面的挖掘和探索 有助于我们更深刻地了解海明威及其塑造的 硬 汉 形象 关键词 关键词 圣地亚哥 人物形象 老人与海 硬汉 an analysis of the image and fate of the character in the old man and the sea v contents chapter 1 introduction 1 chapter 2 earnest hemingway and the old man and the sea 3 2 1 the life experience of earnest hemingway 3 2 2 the social background of the old man and the sea 4 2 3 the main plot of the old man and the sea 5 2 4 christian symbols and iceberg principle 6 chapter 3 the image of santiago 8 3 1 an optimistic man with self confidence 8 3 2 a man of courage 9 3 3 a man with a lonely heart 11 3 4 santiago s uncertainty 13 chapter 4 conclusion 15 references 17 acknowledgements 18 an analysis of the image and fate of the character in the old man and the sea 1 chapter 1 introduction as we all know ernest miller hemingway s life is full of various adventures and his life seems like an unusual book which many other people in the world admire and envy indeed hemingway is a great american writer a code man with white beard even he had left us for a few decades his brave figure has still been living in people s memory his adventurer spirit helped him create many novels so that people always say he directs his own stories in his works from his works and life experiences hemingway is indeed a perfectionist he created many images about the dauntless man in his novels whose machismo including optimism self confidence and courage penetrates deeply into people s mind especially in the old man and the sea the old man santiago represented the dauntless man characteristic more vividly than other code man in hemingway s works hemingway left many myths to the literary world after his suicide by a gun more and more researchers discussed his works and lots of discussions are about his writing style life experiences and his own code man spirit hemingway s name has stayed in literary world forever on account of the whole world s attention from these researches people know that the old man and the sea may very well become one of the true classics of this generation the old man and the sea for which hemingway was awarded the novel prizes for literature is one of the most influential and far reading novels of the literary treasure of the world the novel is so widely read that nobody knows hemingway without knowing his work the old man and the sea this very simple written novella has been described as one of writer ernest hemingway s best classical books it was regarded as a perfect shot story with amazement and insight on many levels by his avid receivers famously known for his taut and short sentences hemingway created an interesting and unique style of writing that still fascinates readers today certainly the qualities of ernest hemingway s short novel are those which we associate with many great stories of the past near perfection of form within the limitations of its subject matter restraint of treatment regard for the an analysis of the image and fate of the character in the old man and the sea 2 unities of time and place and evocative simplicity of style through the analysis of the image of santiago in the old man and the sea the paper tries to analyze santiago s inner world completely and explore his spiritual world this thesis analyzes santiago s characters and points out that he is optimism and self confidence courage loneliness and uncertainty the thesis is divided into four chapters the first chapter is introduction in the second chapter this thesis describes the author hemingway s life experiences as well as the novel s social background and then the characters of santiago in the novel the old man and the sea are analyzed as the book says that man is not made for defeat a man can be destroyed but not defeated 1 in spirit santiago can never be beaten but it is indispensable that he shows his loneliness after manolin s leave and uncertainty in fighting with marlin and sharks an analysis of the image and fate of the character in the old man and the sea 3 chapter 2 earnest hemingway and the old man and the sea as a fable of human survival the old man and the sea demonstrates enormous tensions and has received a world attention santiago is a highly generalization and sublimation of the image of a dauntless man in hemingway s works and symbolizes later hemingway s development and progress in thought and is the anchorage of his ideals and hopes to human beings 2 1 the life experience of earnest hemingway ernest miller hemingway is an american writer of novels and short stories he was born on july 21st 1899 in a well to do family in oak park illinois near chicago before turning to fiction he worked as a reporter for the kansas city star and served as a first world war ambulance driver before enlisting with the italian infantry and suffering a wound after the war he worked for the toronto star and lived for a time in paris and key west fla during the spanish civil war and the second world war he served as a newspaper correspondent and then lived in cuba until 1958 and idaho until 1961 hemingway was an american nobel prize winner in literature 1954 a spokesman for the lost generation after he got the nobel prize he ended his life by himself his life was filled with many kinds of adventures that represent in his works he styled the particular type of the tragic hero in his novels and his life attitude had been widely recognized and imitated in english speaking countries and all over the world as well hemingway was a myth in his own time and in american literature in 1951 ernest miller hemingway wrote the old man and the sea in only two months after the publishing of the old man and the sea in 1952 this novel had played a crucial role in the development of hemingway s critical reputation among all of hemingway s works the old man and the sea is a work that leads to the top of an analysis of the image and fate of the character in the old man and the sea 4 hemingway s career of writing and earns the nobel prize for him prior to the appearance of this crisp and lyrical novel about an old cuban fisherman s struggle with a titanic fish hemingway had published nothing of distinction during the twelve years since for whom the bell tolls 1940 the early promise of the brilliant short story collection in our time 1925 and his finest novels the sun also rise 1926 and a farewell to arms 1929 seemed distant and unfulfilled hemingway s nonfiction of the 1930s death in the afternoon 1932 and green hills of africa 1935 had been disappointing by comparison and a novel like to have and have not 1937 two previously published short stories hastily cobbled together seemed a shocking performance from a craftsman once so exacting across the river and into the trees 1950 had been savaged by the critics and hemingway was widely considered to be a has been the old man and the sea 1952 however was hailed as hemingway s triumphant return as william faulkner hemingway s strong competitor ever said time will show that this novel the old man and the sea would be the most brilliant medium length novel for our time 2 2 2 the social background of the old man and the sea literature is the reflection of society hemingway lived in the period when the first world war broke out many young volunteers took part in the war but the harsh reality made them aware that modern warfare was not as glorious or heroic as they thought as a young writer and spokesman of the the lost generation hemingway was influenced by the frivolous greedy and heedless way of life in america and his works all vividly recorded the life of those soldiers wounded physically and mentally revealing the frustration loneliness when god is dead that tragedy made hemingway s works full of tragic color such as a farewell to arms death in the afternoon the sun also rise and the old man and the sea the menace the anguish dereliction the futility and sterility expressed in these works had been afflicting all sensitive members of the post war generation the other circumstances that made hemingway wrote the novel was that an analysis of the image and fate of the character in the old man and the sea 5 hemingway s writing capability had been questioned by people at that time hemingway s dauntless man developed to the hero richard cantwell colonel in across the river and into the trees has been formed a pattern its style and spiritual core resemble a repeat of his earlier writing this overshadowed hemingway s good reputation about the dauntless man image these critics who always disliked hemingway s words and works rip into him hemingway s dauntless man is nothing but walking ghost which is simple minded blunt and stupid in order to breaking up all sorts of rumors hemingway decided to write the old man and the sea which had been constructed in his mind for more than 10 years at last this masterpiece proved his writing talent 2 3 the main plot of the old man and the sea the old man and the sea is about a terrible struggle between an old fisherman and his greatest catch of his life the major figure santiago an old fisherman had sailed out to sea and returned without any fruit for eighty four days what s more his young friend manolin who had accompanied the old man for a period of time had been forced by his parents to leave him to another boat although santiago had experienced many times of disappointment he still believed that the unlucky days would come to an end and he was determined to sail out farther than yesterday on the eighty fifth day of his unlucky sail santiago set out to sea much farther as usual he prepared his lines and dropped them very deep into the water at noon the old man hooked a fish and tried to pull it out however the fish was too big and began to pull the boat instead unable to tie the line fast to the boat the old man bore the strain of the line with his shoulders back and hands later he found it was a great marlin he had never seen santiago became very excited as if he had found a treasure although tired and wounded he held the line tightly and he felt satisfied and admired for the marlin which symbolized a powerful opponent as hemingway once said that the person may destroy but actually can not be defeated 3 santiago held the same idea so that he did not want to be defeated by this opponent while the marlin pulled the boat all through two days and nights like this on the third day the fish was an analysis of the image and fate of the character in the old man and the sea 6 exhausted and pulled close enough to the boat by santiago after a terrible struggle santiago killed it with a harpoon thrust he tied it to his boat and began to sail back home when santiago was on the sail back the marlin s blood left a trail in the water and attracted sharks the first one was a great male shark although it was very fierce and cruel santiago killed it with the harpoon but at the same time it brought away the harpoon and rope which made him in danger to other attacks so he lashed a knife to an oar and then with it he fought off the successive attacks but the sharks also tore apart the marlin s precious meat leaving only skeleton head and tail before daybreak he came back home stumbled back to his shack and slept soundly very quickly the next morning a crowd of fishermen gathered around the skeleton of the fish which was still tied to the boat the young boy manolin had worried badly over the old man s absence when he heard of the news and found santiago safe in bed he was moved to tears after the old man waked up the two friends agreed to fish as partners like before the old man returned to sleep and dreamed his usual dream of lions playing on the beaches of africa 2 4 christian symbols and iceberg principle also like most great stories it can be read on more than one level of meaning on the one hand it is an exciting but tragic adventure story the only pride of his calling he has left is that the broken old fisherman ventures far out into the gulf stream and hooks the biggest marlin ever seen in those waters then alone and exhausted by his struggle to harpoon the giant fish he is forced into a losing battle with marauding sharks they leave him nothing but the skeleton of his catch on another level the book is a fable of the unconquerable spirit of man a creature capable of snatching spiritual victory from circumstances of disaster and material defeat on the other hand it is a parable of religious significance its theme is supported by the writer s unobtrusive handling of christian symbols and metaphors like coleridge s ancient mariner hemingway s old fisherman is a character allowing the imagination of his creator to an analysis of the image and fate of the character in the old man and the sea 7 operate simultaneously in two different worlds of meaning and value the one real and dramatic the other moral and devotionally symbolic as a master in literature hemingway uses very simple words and sentences to write some magnum opus which is his iceberg technique that he uses in his work he believed as a good writer he did not need to reveal the action or characters clear obscurity can give us the aesthetic sense so the words and sentences in his work are symbolic and suggestive that is to say one needs keep a close eye to read his works and read between the lines deliberately in my opinion the arbitrariness of hemingway about the symbolical factors fully manifest that he is unwilling to accept the laurel of symbolist these scholars discussed the old man and the sea s writing style symbolism and characters especially the leading role santiago s manhood indomitable spirit and tragic as well as hemingway s iceberg principle hemingway believed a good writer does not need to reveal every detail of a character or action the one eighth descriptions that is presented will suggest all other meaningful dimensions of the story whereas the other seven eighths of which is concealed beneath the surface of the water 4 in which it floats in 1954 when ernest hemingway accepted an interview with joe pulintan he said you ignore all of the things which you know but they still exist in your works and then their special quality will be showed however if an author ignored what he she doesn t know then what they ignored will be showed as a flaw for their works this idea was emphasized when he answered the reporters questions he said i always try to describe by iceberg theory there will be things showing seven eighths are under the water you can ignore anything you know it can strengthen your iceberg 5 it s the very hemingway s iceberg theory thus hemingway s language is highly symbolic and suggestive their studies provide important references for the next in depth study however most of their studies concentrate on only one point an analysis of the image and fate of the character in the old man and the sea 1 chapter 3 the image of santiago as we all know the old fisherman santiago in the old man and the sea is the finest and the best known of hemingway s heroes analyzing the image of santiago is very important and this novel s artistic core does not lie in describing its plot but tries to dig the lead s inner world thus the study of the image of santiago should proceed from his inner world the paper carries on an investigation on the image of santiago from four aspects optimism and self confidence courage loneliness and uncertainty 3 1 an optimistic man with self confidence in the old man and the sea hemingway succeeds in revealing the outstanding qualities of the old man optimism and self confidence the old man is thin and gaunt he has deep wrinkles discolored clothes but his eyes are perhaps the key to his soul it is clear that he has optimistic nature he must be very disappointed while he does not lose hope instead he is self confident of catching a big fish the following day it is hope and strong belief that encourage him to persist in going fishing santiago s eyes are full of hopes forever the old man tells us with his practical action that to face the difficulties in life we should be brave and smiling live with hope and not to be crushed by difficulties santiago s optimistic attitude is throughout the novel for example at the beginning of the novel the old cuban fisherman has gone eighty four days without catching a fish and has become the laughingstock of his small village due