英语论文-A Study of Student-centered English Vocabulary Teaching.pdf

毕业论文 设计 1 a study of student centered english vocabulary teaching 1 introduction 2 2 the importance of vocabulary teaching 3 3 the problems existing in traditional vocabulary teaching and learning 4 3 1 problems existing in teachers vocabulary teaching 4 3 1 1 teachers neglect the importance of vocabulary 5 3 1 2 teachers neglect teaching techniques 5 3 1 3 teachers neglect seleting vocabulary 6 3 2 problems existing in students vocabulary learning 7 3 2 1 the inefficiency of learning words 7 3 2 2 the inefficiency of memorizing words 8 4 the student centered vocabulary teaching mode 8 4 1 the definition of student centered teaching mode 8 4 2 charateristics of student centered teaching mode 9 4 2 1more humanistic 9 4 2 2 more communicative 10 4 2 3 more cooperative 10 4 3 the relationship between teachers and students in the student centered vocabulary teaching mode 11 4 3 1 the teachers role in student centered vocabulary teaching mode 11 4 3 2the students role in student centered vocabulary teaching mode 12 4 4 the advantages of student centered vocabulary teaching mode 13 4 4 1 helping to improve teachers teaching techniques 13 4 4 2 helping to attract the students attention and inspiring their learning interests 14 4 4 3a challenge to both the teacher and students 15 5 application of student centered vocabulary teaching mode 15 5 1 presentation 16 5 1 1 use real objects to show meanings 16 5 1 2 draw pictures diagrams 17 5 1 3 role exchange 18 5 2 practice and consolidation 19 5 2 1 describing and drawing 19 5 2 2 playing games 20 5 2 3 words series 20 6 conclusion 21 references 22 毕业论文 设计 2 1 introduction english as a global language plays an increasingly important part in the world in our country the demand for people who can successfully communicate in english is becoming more important as china faces increasing international investment opportunities and the entering of wto in china students are required to begin to learn english when they are in primary school however even they have began to attack to english learning for so many years when they listen to native english speakers they would feel very painful even the university graduates often find themselves in embarrassing situations when they are required to speak in english or listen to native english speakers they often would not make a fluent and logical sentence and they would not understand what is being said when they are using english to talk with others why would this happen the most important of the factors that causes such situation is that they don t have enough vocabulary so when they talk to foreigners they can t find suitable words to express themselves as we all know that vocabulary is the material of language construction without it the language would lose its actual meaning that is just like to cook dinner without rice vocabulary teaching plays an important role in english teaching when we talk to english speakers we need to have a store of vocabulary which we can select from freely when we wish to express our thoughts for students mastering a certain number of vocabulary is the key to learn english 毕业论文 设计 3 for students their assignment is to enlarge their store of vocabulary while for the teachers their assignment is to teach students how to learn vocabulary the purpose of teaching vocabulary is to make the students master the vocabulary use the vocabulary freely and lay the base for their english learning in order to achieve this purpose educators from home and abroad have been researching the approaches of english teaching no matter what kind of approach they adopt they must make sure that their teaching is based on the students because the student is the body of the teaching the teacher just plays a leading role all teaching activities must focus on the students as a result the student centered teaching mode is highly used in teaching vocabulary 2 the importance of vocabulary teaching in teaching a foreign language one of the most important aspects is to enlarge students vocabulary a large useful vocabulary is the basic of word power word to an essay is brick to a building or molecules to a substance small as they are unimportant they are not apart from the correct and good usage of words there can be no effective listening speaking reading and writing one of the famous linguists wilkins once said that without grammar very little can be conveyed without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed wilkins english study 1987 therefore it is not grammar or syntax but vocabulary that makes it difficult to master a language 毕业论文 设计 4 teaching a vocabulary is of great importance in learning a language and vocabulary has become one of the vital standards in engish study for example with the reference of syllabus for tem four and tem eight english majors are require to master 5000 to 6000 words for tem four and 9000 to 12000 words for tem eight 3 the problems existing in traditional vocabulary teaching and learning nowadays vocabulary teaching is playing a fundamentally important and active role in language teaching and learning people are taking a new interest in it and there are an increasing number of studies on it at home and abroad it is believed that the traditional way of vocabulary teaching is time consuming and low effective and there are some misunderstandings in vocabulary teaching and learning which cause many problems this makes the vocabulary classes less effective 3 1 problems existing in teachers vocabulary teaching vocabulary teaching is an important part in english teaching however most of the english teachers today neglect the importance of vocabulary teaching they pay little attention to the cultivation of students ability to learn vocabulary actively and independently in this case the students easily forget words learned before the most terrible thing is that students cannot put learned words into practice 毕业论文 设计 5 3 1 1 teachers neglect the importance of vocabulary firstly in traditional vocabulary teaching mode teachers leave vocabulary learning to students themselves some teachers believe that students could learn all the words they need without help in fact teachers are sometimes told that they ought not to teach too many words before their students have mastered the grammar and the sound system of the language in some teaching monograph vocabulary is seldom mentioned pronunciation and grammar were emphasized but there is little or no emphasis on vocabulary so teachers tend to neglect the importance of vocabulary 3 1 2 teachers neglect teaching techniques secondly whileteachingvocabulary teachersoftenneglectteaching techniques many teachers do not seem to take a systematic approach to vocabulary teaching some of them especially the old teachers often prepare lessons just before class and there is no long term planning besides in the traditional teaching mode the vocabulary teaching is a teacher dominated one during the class teachers play as the controller they dominate the whole teaching process and they maximize the teachers talking time and mimimize the students talking time when teaching new words the teachers just tell the meaning of the words directly and neglect taking creative measures and techniques to arouse the students attention to vocabulary study 毕业论文 设计 6 3 1 3 teachers neglect seleting vocabulary thirdly when teachers teach vocabulary they often neglect seleting words and tend to teach all the words that appear in the text in the vocabulary list of the textbooks it has already pointed out which words are important words and needs the students to master them however some teachers afraid that the words they didn t teach would appear in the test so they teach all the words this resulted in that students would get the words all mixed up and it would also overload the students memory in fact students do not need to learn every word they meet it is because not all words are equally useful a convenient division for the levels of vocabulary is shown in the accompanying table adapted from the book second language vocabulary acquisition 2001 239 table 1 a convenient division for the levels of vocabulary levelnumber of wordstext coverage high frequency words2 00087 academic vocabulary8008 technical vocabulary2 0003 low frequency words123 0002 total128 000100 through this table the teachers could clearly know that the 2 000 high frequency words of english should receive attention first with these words it is possible for people to use english in any normal way james coady 2 analyzing learner needs 3 selecting methodology 4 transferring responsibility 5 involving learners tudor 1993 24 28 he also suggests that teachers who are friendly understanding and sensitive to learners needs and who also have high cultural awareness will be more likely to create a good learning atmosphere and to hold discussion with learners on material content teaching methodology and evaluation tudor 1993 28 29 4 3 2thestudents roleinstudent centeredvocabulary teaching mode in the traditional teaching approach the students treat the teachers as the authorities of the teaching process they are more inclined to believe what the teachers say instead of trying to work out their own answers or to solve the problems by themselves however every learner of a foreign language is an individual it is true that advice from books and teachers plays an important role in the study of english but in most cases no one knows more about what works best for students than students themselves students know better than teachers which 毕业论文 设计 13 exercises are at their level and what the teacher has done makes their english vocabulary teaching class more enjoyable all of this calls for the students subjectival status in the teaching process but it could hardly actualize in the traditional teaching approach while in the student centered teaching mode the students subjectival status could easily actualize because the students act as the body part of the teaching process in it in the student centered teaching mode it requests that students should not just sit in the classroom and write down what the teachers said quietly since they are not just the receiver of knowledge instead the students talking time must be maxmized and the students shoud be active and not dare to show their opinions during the teaching process 4 4 the advantages of student centered vocabulary teaching mode the student centered vocabulary teaching mode is quite different from the traditional way of teaching vocabulary it is more humanistic more communicative and more cooperative it has many advantages 4 4 1 helping to improve teachers teaching techniques some people think that student centered teaching will lower the teacher s avail and it cannot improve the teacher s teaching skill however there is no need to be worried about it student centered teaching doesn t mean that the teacher is 毕业论文 设计 14 superfluous or the teacher will give up the control to the teaching on the contrary this kind of teaching puts a high demand for the teacher and the whole class needs the teacher s organization and management at the same time the teacher will help the students recognize and tap the latent of their study power this is also a challenge for the teacher they must be proficient in their teaching and above all they must design a set of student centered teaching plans supplying the students with real condition in student centered vocabulary teaching the teacher should adjust the relationship between teachers and students teach them skill about input and output of the knowledge forecast the difficulties which the students will meet in learning vocabulary and so on all of these need the teachers to plan and manage during this procedure the teacher s teaching skill will get progressed and improved 4 4 2 helping to attract the students attention and inspiring their learning interests through this approach the students would become eager to study and their motivation of vocabulary learning would become stronger student centered teaching is so far an ideal circumstance in english teaching and there is also a fact that the student centered principle is the most important one in english teaching it can greatly meet the students needs and give free rein to their capabilities thus the vocabulary teaching will no longer be boring it will lead to an excellent result for instance when using this teaching approach the students abilities could get a 毕业论文 设计 15 full play in the class and their learning interests will also become strong and there is also a fact that the student centered principle is the most important one in english teaching 4 4 3achallenge to both the teacher and students during the whole teaching process the students play a body role after all it is the teacher who builds up the key of student centered teaching if a teacher changes his her teaching idea timely applying a flexible teaching method the students will be benefited a lot in vocabulary learning but if the teacher overlooks the students body part in teaching the students will naturally fall into a passive role in class theywilljust listen andcopymechanically andreceivethe knowledge ineffectively thus neither the teacher nor the students will be satisfied so the teacher should pay more attention to the students arouse their enthusiasm for the study and lead them to a correct and scientific study method the students will learn understand and master the vocabulary in an active and vivid atmosphere by the student centered teaching approach and the teacher s teaching will be changed from boring to interesting 5 applicationofstudent centered vocabulary teaching mode learning is a stepwise process so as the vocabulary learning so for teaching 毕业论文 设计 16 vocabulary it involves three stages 1 present the new words 2 practice and memorize the new words 3 consolidate the memorizatin of the words as we know that student centered teaching mode is an effective way to teach vocabulary but how to carry on it here are some example of the application of student centered vocabulary teaching approach 5 1 presentation the words in most english textbooks are explained in chinese in such books the english word appears first on the left of the page and the meanings of words appear on the right of the page in the students mother language in the traditional vocabulary teaching approach the teachers tell the meaning of the words directly this is ineffective and boring in order to change this situation teachers need to offer a creative and attractive presentation of each word in other words the teacher should use some particular skills and techniques to show the meanings of the words meanwhile they should also create all the presentations that center on the students 5 1 1 use real objects to show meanings in order to help students understand the meaning of a word using real objects is a good way for teaching for example when teach the word a purse teachers could show the class a real object of 钱包 by this way the students would be more impressed by the meaning of the new words and when they come across the words the first thing that occurs to them is the real object of the words not the chinese 毕业论文 设计 17 words so this is more humanistic than the traditional teaching mode 5 1 2 draw pictures diagrams pictures for vocabulary teaching may have many resources besides those drawn by the students and the teacher there are attractive sets that are intended for schools pictures which are cut out of magazines and newspapers are also useful many cheap books for children have attractive pictures which can show meanings of basic words this method can especially be used for teaching a series of words which are close each other in meaning it has an extremely effect on the beginners for example when teaching the preposition on over above and in under below the teacher can draw a simple picture like this 正上方正上方斜上方斜上方 overabove on 表面表面 in 里面里面 underbelow 正下方正下方斜下方斜下方 it is very clear for the students to understand and remember if the teacher just uses chinese to explain those words the students will only know the surface meaning of those words and they will make mistakes or mix them up when using these words this method is very easy for the students to adopt and it will attract the students attention in class too by using this method both the teacher s teaching and the students learning will become relaxing and joyful thus the teaching will 毕业论文 设计 18 get a good effect 5 1 3 role exchange obviously this method refers that the students change their student role into teacher they will act as teacher and teach the vocabulary to others very often we enjoy reading watching listening and doing things that interest us or at least we think it will interest us the same is true with the teaching and learning if teaching can interest the students they will be willing to learn let the students act as teacher they will try their best to have an enough and active preparations what is more they will put into a great energy in organizing the teaching so the students who are listening will feel very fresh and interesting and they will also listen carefully it is good for the students and it will also highly interest the students in vocabulary learning outside the class the teacher can spend spare time pointing out the shortcomings of the lesson helping the students analysis the reason of their mistakes during such procedure the students interests in learning vocabulary will become stronger and stronger and at the same time the boring vocabulary teaching will be changed into interesting one when using this method it requires that the student who act as teachers should have rich knowledge about vocabulary so it is not fit for the english learning beginners to use to learn words 毕业论文 设计 19 5 2 practice and consolidation it is easier for students to recognize the words than consolidate and remember them we can often hear students complain that they forget