高一英语必修2第3单元知识详解.doc

unite3 computer1,common1. in pairs discuss what they have in common. 两人一组讨论一下他们有哪些共同之处。 common adj. 共有的，公共的；普通的，常见的1. we are working together for a common purpose. 我们在为一个共同的目标努力工作。 in common with 和一样（作方式状语）。have nothing in common 无共同之处have something in common 有一些共同之处have little in common 几乎无共同之处have a lot in common 有许多共同之处用 common usual ordinary填空he is their _ enemy.他是他们共同的敌人he is in_ clothes.他穿着平常的衣服。he made the _mistakes that all beginners make他犯的就是那些初学这老犯的错误common, ordinary和usual的区别:common 指“共有的，公共的；共同的；常见的”。例如：common作“普通的”讲可与ordinary换用。如“普通人”也可说成common people。ordinary 意为“普通的，平淡无奇的”，指没有什么特别的地方。例如：usual 意思是“平常的，通常的，一向的”，含有遵循常规的、习惯性的、一贯如此的意思 can you put them in an order according to the time when they appared? 你能按照他们现世的时间顺序把他们排列成序么？ in order按照顺序; out of order次序紊乱(机器等)失灵; 出故障有病；违反议事规则2calculate v. 计算，认为，打算，指望1. vt & vi 计算，后接n，代词，从句也可以单独使用。he hasnt calculated the result. 他还没有计算出结果。2. vt & vi 估计lets calculate what it will cost. 让我们计算一下要花多少成本。3. vt.计划，打算，常用于被动语态。this ad is calculated to attract the attention of young people.这个广告计划以年轻人为宣传对象。sum .n. 金额; 款项; 总数; 总和1). he was fined the sum of 200. 他被处以200英镑罚金。2). the sum of 5 and 3 is 8. 5加3的和是8。重点用法in sum 简言之; 总而言之sum sb/sth up 形成对某人某事物的看法3.choice n. c选择，挑选；u选择权 have i any choice but to do as you tell me？ 除了依你的话外，我还有什么选择？ 搭配 (1)have no choice but to do.别无选择只能(2)make a careful choice细心选择take your choice随你选择 it has no choice but to lie down and sleep.于是它别无选择，只好躺下睡觉。 翻译句子 (1)他除了辞职别无选择。 _he had no choice but to resign_(2)我们面临着困难的抉择。 begin as 作为开始1.begin with sth by doing sth以做某事开始konwledge begins with practice.he began by telling us a story.2.to begin with 首先，在开始we cant go.to begin with ,it s too cold. besides,we ve no money.it nearly took two hundred years before i was built as an analytical machine差不多到了200年之后我才被做成分析机.it take sb. +一段时间+to do sth.花费某人一段时间做某事it took/was +一段时间+before.在一段时间后.it didnt take/wasnt +一段时间+before. 没过一段时间就.it will be /take +一段时间+before.要过很长一段时间才.it wont be /take +一段时间+before.不会要多长时间就.as the years have gone by, i have been made smaller and smaller. 一年一年过去了，我被制造得越来越小。此处as引导时间状语从句，表示“一边一边”、“随着”之意。go by （时间）过去，流逝；经过，走过（某处）。several years went by before we met again.过去了好几年我们才再度见面。go after 追求 go against 反对 go ahead 先行一步；进展go over 复习 go out 熄灭 go though 经历；经受；仔细检查go on with 继续 go away with与某人一块离开 go in for 爱好；从事 go off 悄悄离开；食物变坏 go into 进入 go on进展；时间的过去（重过程 ） as a result i totally changed my shape. 结果，我已经改变了我完全的形状。result 终归；结果：短语1. as a result结果；因此2. as a(或 the)result of作为的结果；由于3. get a result 达到目的4. in result因此；结果 result in导致；结果是5. in the result结果；后来6. without result徒劳地，毫无结果地；无效地7. with the result that从而；因此；结果是 完成句子 (1)he runs every day. _(结果)， he has lost weight. (2)she was late _(作为结果)snow.explore vt. & vi. 勘探; 探测; 探险exploration n. 勘探; 探测; 探险exploratory adj. 勘探的; 探测的; 探索的1) well take a voyage of _. (explore)2) columbus discovered america but did not _ the new continent. (explore)3） theyre making _ medical tests. (explore)anyhow 总之；无论如何；不管怎样= anyway(1)he may not like my visit，but i shall go and see him anyway.somehow 以某种方法；莫明其妙地somewhat 有点；多少；几分；稍微#goal n. 球门；进球得的分；目标1). he headed the ball into an open goal. 他乘虚把球顶入球门2). we won by three goals to one 以三比一获胜。3). youd better set a goal before you start. 开始前最好设定一个目标。s set a goal设定目标 core/kick a goal 得踢进一球得一分 keep goal守球门life goal/ ones goal in life生活目标achieve / realize ones goal实现目标advantage n.优点；优势；有利条件1). he has the advantage of a steady job. 他有工作稳定的有利条件。2). they took full advantage of the hotels facilities. 他们充分利用旅馆的设备。重点用法take advantage of 对加以利用；欺骗to sb.s advantage 对某人有利have /get/win an advantage over （of）胜过；优于 signal n. 信号, 手势, 声音, 暗号 v. 发信号; 用信号传达; 用信号与通讯 搭配 send/give a signal发信号 receive/pick up a signal接收信号 句型 signal (to) sb.to do sth.示意某人做某事 (1)她在向孩子们打手势，要他们留在外面。 she _was signalling to the children to stay outside _ (2)警察向来往车辆发信号，示意缓慢前行 the police -signaled the traffic to move forward_slowly.1). a red light is usually a signal for/of danger. 红灯通常是危险的信号。2). he signaled (to) the waiter to bring the menu. 他示意要服务员把菜单拿来。 重点用法signal to sb/sth for sth 用信号传达（某信息）; 用信号与（某人）通 signal with用发信号personal / private / individual personal 指属于或关于某人或某些特定的人，以区别于其他人。private 指属于私人所有或具有私营性质，以区别于集体或公共的，有时含不公开的意味。individual 与集体的相对，指个别或个体的。1). will you do it for me as a _ favour?2). if you go to a _ hospital, you must pay.3). we traveled together, but each _ bought his own ticket.in a way 在某种程度上, 从某种意义上说= in one way 和in some ways1). in a way, his english has improved. 从某种程度上来说, 他的英语有进步。2). shes been through a bad patch recently. 她最近经历了一段困难时期。短语归纳in the way 造成阻碍 in no way 决不on the/ones way (to) 在(去)的路上by the way 顺便提一下 all the way 自始自终;完全地 in this way 用这种方法arise vi.（arose, arisen）出现； 发生1). a new difficulty has arisen.出现了新的困难。2). accidents arise from carelessness.疏忽大意往往会引起事故的发生。重点用法arise from /out of由引起；由产生make up化妆；化装；捏造，虚构（故事，诗等）1). she spent an hour making (herself) up before the party. 她在聚会前化妆用了一个小时。2). stop making things up! 不要胡编了!短语归纳make up for补偿 make it up和解；讲和be made up of = consist of由组成make for有利于，有助于；走向；冲向make it及时赶到，办成功make known使知晓；传达make out理解；懂得；辨认出1) be made up of. 作“由组成的”解， this team is made up of ten players. 2) be made of 意为“由做成”，该短语指成品中可以看出原材料。these bottles are made of glass. 。3) be made from 意为“由做成”，指成品制成后，已看不出原材料。 gas is made from coal. 天然气是由煤制成。4) be made into意为“被做成”，该短词指某种原料制成某种成品。 stone can be made into bridges. 石头可以被制成桥。5) be made in意为“在制造”，强调产地。 this kind of watch is made in china. 这种表是在中国制造。6) be made by意为“由制造” 强调动作发出者。 the factory makes this kind of new tv set. after all/above all/at all/in allafter all意为“毕竟”“尽管”“到底”“究竟”；above all 意为“最重要的是”“尤其是”；at all一般用在否定句中，用以加强否定语气。 in all表示“总共”“总计”。at all用在疑问句、条件句中，起强调作用，意为“真的”“确实”“竟然”等。另外，not at all用来表示“不用谢”；1). so you see，i was right _. 2). _，he wanted to succeed. 4). we visited, _, 20 universities in the us. all组成的其它重点短语first of all 首先in all 总计；总的说来there were twelve of us in all for dinner. 我们一共12人去用餐worst of all 最最/特别/最糟糕的是not at all. 一点也不；根本不；哪儿的话；别客气；没有什么。thats all. 没有别的了；完了；没了别的办法。2then i was the size of a large room! 后来我有一间大房子那么大！ 点拨 此句中的the size of相当于as big as，这是一种常见的比较 结构。 完成句子 (1)它大约有两个鸭蛋那么大 its about _ a ducks egg. 2)尼日利亚是英国的三倍大。nigeria is _three times the size of_great britain. 拓展 与此相似的结构还有：the height of (as tall/high as) ；the length of (as long as)；the width of (as wide as)；the