土木工程毕业设计论文外文翻译中英文对照[1].doc

螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿肅芃蚈袂肁节袀蚅莀芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇芃莇虿螀腿莆袁羅膅莅薁袈肁莄蚃肄羇莃螆袆芅莃蒅肂膁莂薈袅肇蒁蚀肀羃蒀螂袃节葿蒂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒈螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂薂薅蝿莁薂螇肅芇薁袀袇膃薀蕿肃聿膆蚂袆羅膅螄肁芃芅蒄袄腿芄薆聿 英文原文：concrete structure reinforcement designsheyanbo wangchenjia foundation engineering co., ltd. heilongjiang dongyu heilongjiang province, east building foundation engineering co., ltd. coalabstract：structure in the long-term natural environment and under the use environments function, its function is weaken inevitably gradually, our structural engineerings duty not just must finish the building earlier period the project work, but must be able the science appraisal structure damage objective law and the degree, and adopts the effective method guarantee structure the security use, that the structure reinforcement will become an important work. what may foresee will be the 21st century, the human building also by the concrete structure, the steel structure, the bricking-up structure and so on primarily, the present stage i will think us in the structure reinforcement this aspect research should also take this as the main breakthrough direction. key word： concrete structure reinforcement bricking-up structure reinforcement steel structure reinforcement 1 concrete structure reinforcement concrete structures reinforcement divides into the direct reinforcement and reinforces two kinds indirectly, when the design may act according to the actual condition and the operation requirements choice being suitable method and the necessary technology. 1.1 the direct reinforcements general method1）enlarges the section reinforcement law adds the concretes cast-in-place level in the reinforced concrete member in bending compression zone, may increase the section effective height, the expansion cross sectional area, thus enhances the component right section anti-curved, the oblique section anti-cuts ability and the section rigidity, plays the reinforcement reinforcement the role.in the suitable muscle scope, the concretes change curved the component right section supporting capacity increase along with the area of reinforcement and the intensity enhance. in the original component right section ratio of reinforcement not too high situation, increases the main reinforcement area to be possible to propose the plateau component right section anti-curved supporting capacity effectively. is pulled in the section the area to add the cast-in-place concrete jacket to increase the component section, through new canada partial and original component joint work, but enhances the component supporting capacity effectively, improvement normal operational performance. enlarges the section reinforcement law construction craft simply, compatible, and has the mature design and the construction experience; is suitable in liang, the board, the column, the wall and the general structure concretes reinforcement; but scene constructions wet operating time is long, to produces has certain influence with the life, and after reinforcing the building clearance has certain reduction. 2) replacement concretes reinforcement lawthis laws merit with enlarges the method of sections to be close, and after reinforcing, does not affect buildings clearance, but similar existence construction wet operating time long shortcoming; is suitable somewhat low or has concretes carriers and so on serious defect liang, column in the compression zone concretes intensity reinforcement. 3) the caking outsourcing section reinforcement lawoutside the baotou steel factory reinforcement is wraps in the section or the steel plate is reinforced components outside, outside the baotou steel factory reinforces reinforced concrete liang to use the wet outsourcing law generally, namely uses the epoxy resinification to be in the milk and so on methods with to reinforce the section the construction commission to cake a whole, after the reinforcement component, because is pulled with the compressed steel cross sectional area large scale enhancement, therefore right section supporting capacity and section rigidity large scale enhancement.this law also said that the wet outside baotou steel factory reinforcement law, the stress is reliable, the construction is simple, the scene work load is small, but is big with the steel quantity, and uses in above not suitably 600c in the non-protections situation the high temperature place; is suitable does not allow in the use obviously to increase the original component section size, but requests to sharpen its bearing capacity large scale the concrete structure reinforcement. 4) sticks the steel reinforcement lawoutside the reinforced concrete member in bending sticks the steel reinforcement is (right section is pulled in the component supporting capacity insufficient sector area, right section compression zone or oblique section) the superficial glue steel plate, like this may enhance is reinforced components supporting capacity, and constructs conveniently. this law construction is fast, the scene not wet work or only has the plastering and so on few wet works, to produces is small with the life influence, and after reinforcing, is not remarkable to the original structure outward appearance and the original clearance affects, but the reinforcement effect is decided to a great extent by the gummy craft and the operational level; is suitable in the withstanding static function, and is in the normal humidity environment to bend or the tension member reinforcement.5) glue fibre reinforcement plastic reinforcement lawoutside pastes the textile fiber reinforcement is pastes with the cementing material the fibre reinforcement compound materials in is reinforced the component to pull the region, causes it with to reinforce the section joint work, achieves sharpens the component bearing capacity the goal. besides has glues the steel plate similar merit, but also has anticorrosive muddy, bears moistly, does not increase the self-weight of structure nearly, durably, the maintenance cost low status merit, but needs special fire protection processing, is suitable in each kind of stress nature concrete structure component and the general construction. this laws good and bad points with enlarge the method of sections to be close; is suitable reinforcement which is insufficient in the concrete structure component oblique section supporting capacity, or must exert the crosswise binding force to the compressional member the situation. 6) reeling law this laws good and bad points with enlarge the method of sections to be close; is suitable reinforcement which is insufficient in the concrete structure component oblique section supporting capacity, or must exert the crosswise binding force to the compressional member the situation. 7) fang bolt anchor law this law is suitable in the concretes intensity rank is the c20c60 concretes load-bearing member transformation, the reinforcement; it is not suitable for already the above structure which and the light quality structure makes decent seriously. 1.2 the indirect reinforcements general method1) pre-stressed reinforcement law(1)thepre-stressed horizontal tension bar reinforces concretes member in bending,because the pre-stressed and increases the exterior load the combined action, in the tension bar has the axial tension, this strength eccentric transmits on the component through the pole end anchor (, when tension bar and liang board bottom surface close fitting, tension bar can look for tune together with component, this fashion has partial pressures to transmit directly for component bottom surface), has the eccentric compression function in the component, this function has overcome the bending moment which outside the part the load produces, reduced outside the load effect, thus sharpened components anti-curved ability. at the same time, because the tension bar passes to components pressure function, the component crack development can alleviate, the control, the oblique section anti-to cut the supporting capacity also along with it enhancement. as a result of the horizontal lifting stems function, the original components section stress characteristic by received bends turned the eccentric compression, therefore, after the reinforcement, components supporting capacity was mainly decided in bends under the condition the original components supporting capacity 。(2) after the reinforced concrete component uses under the pre-stressed to support the type tension bar reinforcement decides, forms one by to reinforce the component and under supports the compound ultra statically determinate structure system which the type tension bar is composed, under the outside load and the pre-stressed combined action, in the tension bar has the axial force and through (next supports and pole end anchor spot) with components combining site transmits for is reinforced the component, has counter-balanced outside the part the load, changed the original component section endogenic force characteristic, thus sharpened components bearing capacity. this law can reduce is reinforced components stress level, not only causes the reinforcement effect to be good, moreover can also the great scope enhance the structure overall supporti