建筑给排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 多层住宅建筑给排水设计的几个问题.doc

译文来源：美国pe杂志建筑给排水工程师2010年第10期the multilevel residential housing is given and drains off water several questions designed summary : this text give and drain off water on multilevel residential housing design supply water the exertion of the tubular product , way of laying of pipeline, water gauge produce family set up, establishment and air conditioner condensation water of pot-type boiler discharge issue goes on the discussion , and put forward some concrete views. keyword: skyscraper, supply water the tubular product , the pipeline is laid, the water gauge, the solar water heater the skyscraper is simple with its auxiliary facility, the fabrication cost is low, the characteristic such as being convenient of estate management, receive the welcomes of the real estate developer and vast resident of small and medium-sized cities very much. how project planning and design of inhabited region, scientific and technological industry of comfortable house, lead the request according to 2000, improve the design level of the house, build out a comfortable living space for each household, it is each designers duty. as the heart of the house -the kitchen, bathroom, is that the function is complicated, hygiene, safe and comfortable degree are expected much, it is miscellaneous to build, the space expecting much in technology. so, the designer must consider synthetically with the idea and method of global design that the kitchen, bathroom give installation of the drainage pipeline and equipment,etc. . give and drain off water on skyscraper design supply water exertion, to lay pipeline of tubular product, water gauge produce family set up, establishment and empty of pot-type boiler now transfer condensation water discharge issue discuss together with colleagues. ( 1)supply water tubular product select problem for use traditional watersupply tubular product adopt zinc-plated steel tube generally, because zinc-plated steel tube exchange the corrosion, use short-lived , use for and send domestic water can satisfied with water quality sanitary standard shortcoming, ministry of construction is popularizing the application of the feed pipe of plastics energetically . a lot of districts and cities have already expressed regulations: forbid designing and using the zinc-plated steel tube , use widely the feed pipe of plastics. the plastics supply water in charge of compared with metal pipeline, light, it is fine to able to bear the intensity of keeping, send obstruction little liquid , able to bear chemistry better to corrode performance, it is convenient to install, the steel energy-conservation of the province, merit of having long performance life etc. supply water and use plastics pipeline: hard polyvinyl chloride( pvc-u), high density polyethylene( hdpe), pay and unite polyethylene( pex) , modify the polypropylene( pp-r, pp-c), gather butene( pb), aluminium mould and compound and in charge of and the steel is moulded and compound and is managed etc. choice of tubular product economic comparative course of technology, technology should from pressure, temperature, environment for use, install method,etc. go on and consider, combine owners at the same time request and the house of grade,carry on and fix after being consider synthetically technology not economic. the above plastics supply water tubular product can supply water tubular product as house life. the economic and functional house conciliating strand room in the face of the masses of with low- and medium-level incomes resident, can select for use hygiene grades of hard polyvinyl chloride in charge of as feed pipe mainly, in order to reduce the fabrication cost; medium-to-high grade commodity apartment available aluminium mould and compound and in charge of or other plastics supply water the tubular product as the feed pipe. house mix hot water temperature that water order exceed 600 c, so above-mentioned tubular product in charge of except hard polyvinyl chloride and aluminium plastics compound and in charge of( pe-al-pe), mostly the tubular product can be regarded as the hot water pipeline of the house. ( 2) pipeline lay problem 1. give and drain off water it set up there arent one that in charge of 1)will install it in the corner place of the kitchen, bathroom tomorrow. adopting this kind of way of laying more in the design of house in the past, it is convenient for it to construct, but will reveal the pipeline and hinder the room beautifully tomorrow watch, the households will mostly be hidden with the light quality material in the equipment two times. 2)will install it in the overcast angle place of the outer wall of the building tomorrow. way this suitable for southern weather warm district only, the minimum temperature in winter cant be lower than zero degrees centigrade, in case water pipe water-logging freeze ice is bloated to split pipeline, influence household use. pipeline lay in outer wall, influence building to be beautiful, too inconvenient on manage and maintain in the future. 3)lay it in the pipeline well. this way makes the room clean and beautiful , but the pipeline well has taken up the area of the bathroom, and pipeline construct, maintain relatively more difficult. bathroom set up concentrate pipeline well, concentrate pipeline on assign in the well feed pipe, drain pipe, this is that the civilized importance lives in the kitchen of comfortable house, bathroom embodiment. i think : should consider the establishment of the pipeline well of the bathroom in the medium-to-high grade building conceptual design of commodity apartment, improve quality of using of bathroom promptly so , can solve hard polyvinyl chloride drain pipe rivers noise heavy problem, improve the environmental quality level of the room; whether for bathroom in the areas for little economic and functional house and overcome difficulties room, warm area give and drain off water and set up and in charge of and can consider and lay in the outer wall in the south, in order to increase using the space of the bathroom; pipeline install and in the room, should influence kitchen, bathroom every sanitary equipment use of function tomorrow 2. supply water and prop up there arent tube house supply water prop up and in charge of pipe diameter one 32mm, de of battle, little plastics feed pipe of pipe diameter is the crooked state, so the house supplies water and is propped up and in charge of being recommended and adopted and set up secretly. supply water to prop up to manage darkly there are thes way had: 1)set up in the brick wall secretly. wall turn on and in charge of trough in brick when constructing, in charge of trough width tube +20 mm, de of external diameter, degree of depth tube external diameter de, the pipeline is imbedded and managed directly trough, and with in charge of card fix in trough of inning charge of son.2)whether pipe diameter supply water and prop up and last de 20mm,can set up at floor secretly piece make level by layer. turn on and in charge of trough in floor( ground) the board when constructing, it wides trough have to be de +10 mm deeply 1/2 of the de, half pipeline imbed and in charge of trough, and with in charge of card fix in trough of inning charge of tube. aluminium mould compound and in charge of and pay and unite polypropylene in charge of pipeline adopt metal pipe fittings connection, must strengthen and in charge of trough size when adopting and set up secretly, and rivers some flood peak loss relatively heavy. assign the relative house that concentrated to the kitchen, bathroom interior hygiene utensil, can adopt and divide water device go on and join , divide water device whether one more than branch in charge of and connect, every hygiene utensil supply water and prop up and in charge of and connects and publishes from the water dividing device separately. can already prevent the tube burying the pipeline secretly from being connected like this permeate the question. can reduce some flood peak lost, decrease the fabrication cost of pipe networks 3)drain off water and prop up the tube to lay house room drain off water and in charge of and should set up at the time of inning this each, drain off water and in charge of permeating sideways like this canning prevent the sewage from waiting for the pollutant to enter the neighbor family sideways, will not influence the neighbor either when the pipeline is maintained normal life of one. kitchen wash water drainage of basin propped up and in charge of generallying inserts draining off water to stand to manage this layer of floor sideways; floor drain drain off water propped up and in charge of laying the room of lower floor. a lot of colleagues think now: whether kitchen the ground it lay ceramic tile of,whose name is clean in when need develop with water,not strong in meaning to set up floor drain, so kitchen set up ground floor drain, avoid and drain off water and prop up and in charge of and enter neighbor family sideways already so, can increase using the space of the kitchen . bathroom drain off water and prop up and in charge of and lay concrete measure have in this layer sideways inside: 1)improve the bathroom ground . ground tendency high 150mm, adopt back row type take stool pot, washing basin, bath tub, water drainage of floor drain in charge of and bury in cushion layer secretly sideways. 2)adopt the sinking type bathroom. bathroom sink 350mm the floor, hygiene utensil drain off water and in charge of and bury on sinking space secretly sideways two method these can realize water drainage of bathroom prop up and in charge of earths surface to bury underground this one without entering the neighbor family sideways. bury pipeline when installing, construction quality must check on strictly, can construct bathroom ground after confirming qualified secretly, so as not to leave the hidden danger in giving in the future using. bathroom ground construct and can pack coal ash light quality material , also can adopt and lay bricks impracticable to lay plate making construct ground, ground must make waterproof to deal with, method can waterproof to deal with according to roofing, make two oil one rubber and plastic ointment waterproof cloth. 3) water gauge the open air set up problem the water gauge is had indoors, not only the work load of checking meter is very heavy , but also make the security and privacy of the house reduce greatly . so house divide into households of water gauge or divide households of figure of water gauge show that should be set up in the open air. skyscraper water gauge the open air set up following several kinds of forms: whether 1.adopt far it pass by water gauge change the ordinary water gauge into and pass the water gauge far, is joined the water gauge and data gathering machine by a signal line, and then reach intelligence to manage( the computer). its merit lies in saving a large amount of people strength comes to check meter, the data are accurate, the shortcoming is that the fabrication cost is high. whether 2.adopt magnetic stripe card of by water gauge users buy the electronic card of the running water company in advance , then insert it in the storing device of the water gauge, card amount of money deduct automatically on the water, this way user need to prepay the water rate, the price of the water gauge is relatively high. 3. adopt it set up at the open air water gauge not ordinary 1)the water gauge is set up in the stair have a rest in the alcove of the platform. household watersupply to prop up and manage and enter the kitchen, bathroom after the water gauge is measured. way this realize water gauge produce room set up, equivalence low project have , supply water and set up and in charge of and set up with water gauge office results in aesthetic problems in stair. it suitable for the south warm district kitchen, bathroom assign close to the houses of positions of staircase. 2)the water gauge concentrates on being set up among the water gauges( meter box). person who give when supplying water, set up water gauge in ground floor( meter box) on falling, every household watersupply to prop up and is in charge of applying having in the pipeline well, southern area can overcast horn place lay along the outer wall in building too; person who give when supplying water, can set up water gauge in roof( meter box) under upgoing. this way increases and supplies water to prop up in charge of and lay length, pipeline lay and influence building to be beautiful along outer wall. water gauge produce way choice that family assign, must combine house kitchen, bathroom plane assign characteristic and concrete request of developer, carry on to several feasibility scheme the above economic technology fix after comparing. property well-managed medium-to-high grade commodity apartment of housing district, can adopt and pass the water gauge far , it is that the water gauge will use the developing direction in the future; estate management perfect medium- to-high grade commodity apartment of housing district, can adopt magnetic stripe card water gauge( company have this kind district of business can design in running water) or concentrate on setting up it among the water gauges( case); southern area unit type house can set up rest platform office in stair with ordinary water gauge, in order to reduce the fabrication cost. 4) establishment question of the pot-type boiler should reserve and install hot water supply terms of facility, set up hot water supply facilities with when the design of house. have and concentrate house that hot water supply on , should consider house assign with installation position and cold hot water pipeline of hot water device. the pot-type boiler generally has three kinds, such as gas, electricity, solar energy,etc. whether last kitchen gas heater and electric heater or bathroom inside, give when draining off water design shoulding reserve installation position and cold hot water interface of pipeline of water heater in advance in building, install by oneself when convenient users fit up. solar energy and hot water it is simple and convenient and safe for device to use, need fuel and electric power is low to run the expenses, have long performance life, pollution-free, received by the masses of users favourably very much, many houses have been small in recent years the district all install the solar water heater at the time of designing and construct. solar water heater install and at the roof, need to set up the cold hot water pipeline among bathroom and water heater of the roofing like this generally, consider installation of solar water heater when the design of house, household can only lay cold and hot pipeline along the building outer wall when installing in the future, increase household degree of difficulty when installing like this , increase pipeline make the investment, influence building beautiful. give when draining off water the design needing to solicit the developers suggestion first in building, interconnected system one design, construct the solar water heater in unison; reserve solar water heater and cold hot water installation position of pipeline in advance only. the cold hot water pipeline of the solar water heater can be laid in the pipeline well; set up pipeline house of well , can set up one upvc drain pipe of de110 as solar water heater hot water sleeve pipe of pipeline close to corner of person who take a shower in bathroom, set up a de110 *75 three direct links in each hygiene interval ground, as connecting the entry of cold and hot water pipe ( 5) air conditioner condensation ink discharge the issue in recent years, air conditioner enter huge numbers of families gradually, condensation water amorphous to discharge the building outer wall of pollution air conditioner have, have influenced a beautiful important problem of biotope already. building give when draining off water design shoulding consider air conditioner condensation ink discharge in a organized way. concrete method can machine set up the water drain pipe of the condensation by the position outside reserving air conditioner, drain off water and set up and in charge of and select pvc-u drain pipe de40 for use , reserve three direct links of draining off water highly in each air conditioner, it is convenient for air conditioner to drain off water hose insert directly.多层住宅建筑给排水设计的几个问题 摘要：本文就多层住宅建筑给排水设计中给水管材的选用，管道的敷设方式， 水表出户设置，家用热水器的设置及空调冷凝水排放等问题进行探讨，并提出一些具体看法。 关键词：多层住宅,给水管材,管道敷设,水表,太阳能热水器 多层住宅以其配套设施简单，造价低，物业管理方便等特点，很受中小城市房地产开发商和广大居民的欢迎。 如何按2000年小康住宅科技产业工程居住区规划设计导则的要求，提高住宅的设计水平，为每个住户营造出一个舒适 的生活空间，是每个设计人员的职责所在。作为住宅的心脏厨房、卫生间，是功能复杂，卫生、安全和舒适度要求 高，营造繁杂,技术要求高的空间。因此，设计人员必须以整体设计的观念和方法，综合考虑厨房、卫生间给排水管道 和设备的安装等。下面就多层住宅给排水设计中给水管材的选用、管道的敷设、水表出户设置、家用热水器的设置和空 调冷凝水排放等问题与同行们一起探讨。 （一） 给水管材选用问题 传统的给水管材一般采用镀锌钢管，由于镀锌钢管易锈蚀，使用寿命短，用于输送生活用水不能满足水质卫生标准等 缺点，建设部正大力推广塑料给水管的应用。许多地市已明文规定：禁止设计使用镀锌钢管，推广使用塑料给水管。塑料给水 管与金属管道相比，具有重量轻，耐压强度好，输送液体阻力小，耐化学腐蚀性能强，安装方便，省钢节能，使用寿命长等 优点。给水用塑料管道主要有：硬聚氯乙烯（pvcu）、高密度聚乙烯（hdpe）、交联聚乙烯（pex）、改性聚丙烯（ppr ，ppc）、聚丁烯（pb）、铝塑复合管（pealpe，pexalpex）和钢塑复合管等。 管材的选择是经济技术的比较过程，技术上应从压力、温度、使用环境、安装方法等方面进行考虑，同时结合业主 的要求和住宅的档次，进行经济技术综合考虑后确定。以上所塑料给水管材都可作为住宅生活给水管材。经济适用房和解 困房主要面对广大中低收入居民，可选用卫生级硬聚氯乙烯管（pvcu）作为给水管，以降低造价；中高档商品房可用铝 塑复合管（pealpe，pexalpex）或其他塑料给水管材作为给水管。住宅配水点的热水温度不超过600c，因此上述 管材中除硬聚氯乙烯管（pvcu）和铝塑料复合管（pealpe）外,大多管材可作为住宅的热水管道。 （二） 管道敷设问题 1给排水立管的敷设一般有以下几种方式 1）明装在厨房、卫生间的墙角处。在以往的住宅设计中较多采用这种敷设方式，它施工方便，但明露管道有碍居室美 观，住户在二次装修时大多会用轻质材料给予隐藏起来。 2）明装在建筑物外墙阴角处。这种方式仅适用于南方天气较暖和的地区，冬季的最低温度不得低于零摄氏度，以防 水管内水冻结成冰，胀裂管道，影响住户使用。管道在外墙敷设，影响建筑美观，也不便于日后管理和维修。 3）敷设在管道井内。这种方式使居室洁净美观，但管道井占用了卫生间的面积，且管道施工、维修都比较困难。 卫生间设立集中管道井，把给水管、排水管都集中在管道井里布置，这是小康住宅厨房、卫生间居住文明的重要 体现。本人认为：在中高档的商品房建筑方案设计时应考虑卫生间管道井的设置，这样即提高卫生间的使用质量， 又可解决硬聚氯乙烯排水管水流噪声大的问题，提高居室的环境质量水平；对于卫生间面积较小的经济适用房