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新目标英语教学笔记八年级上Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation ?学习目标: 在这一单元中,我们要学习如何谈论假期的计划(Vacation plans),对将来的安排(Future plans)语言目标:1. 用现在进行时表示将来。(Present progressive as future)2. 用where , when , what , how long 提问的句子。主要句型:1. What are you doing for vacation ?Im spending time with my friends .2. When are you going ?Im going next week .3. How long are you staying ?Were staying for two weeks .Step 1. National Day is coming . We all have a long vacation about 7 days . What are you doing for vacation ?Now Lets talk about future plans .在这里,我们用到What are you doing for vacation ?同学们可能会奇怪,“be doing”结构不是现在进行时吗?在这一单元中,用现在进行时代表将要发生的动作,表示对未来的计划和安排,译为“我将要”,“我打算”。eg . Whats she doing for vacation ? 她假期要做什么?Shes babysitting her sister . 她要看她妹妹。这是我们进入初中以来第一次接触到将来时。这种用现在进行时表示将来动作的用法,实际上在英语中是很常见的。Now , answer my question .“What are you doing for vacation ? ”You may have lots of answers . Now , translate the following sentences into English , and choose one as your answer .Of course , you can add more activities if you like .Exercise :1. 我要去野营。2. 我打算看望我的姨妈。3. 我打算在家里看电视。4. 她要照顾她的小妹妹。5. 他打算玩篮球。6. 他们要在家里休息。7. 我要去山区徒步旅行。8. Dave准备去骑单车。9. Mary要去旅行观光。10. Mike准备去钓鱼。11. Isabella要去散散步并且租些录像来看。Keys :1. Im going camping .2. Im visiting my aunt .3. Im watching TV at home .4. Shes babysitting her sister .5. He is playing basketball (for vacation).6. They are relaxing at home .7. Im going hiking in the mountains .8. Dave is going bike riding .9. Mary is going sightseeing .10. Mike is going fishing .11. Isabella is taking walks and renting videos .Step 2 . Were going to learn other questions to ask about ones vacation plans .除了用“What are you doing for vacation ? ”之外,我们还要学习其它几个问句,来帮助我们更好地谈论假期的计划。1. When are you going ?你什么时候去呀?when表示对具体的时刻来提问,所以可以用on Monday ,(在星期一),on the 12th (在12号那天)nextweek (下周)、等等。eg. Im going the first week in June . 我将在六月份的第一周去。2. How long are you staying ? 你要在那里呆多久?How long 是对表示持续的一段时间来提问。因此回答时,也要用表示一段时间的时间状语,而不是具体时刻。eg. How long is he staying ?Hes staying for a week . 他要呆一个礼拜。或Hes staying until September . 他在那里一直到九月份。3. Where are you going for vacation ? 你要去哪里度假?Im going to Italy (Greece or Spain ).我要去意大利(希腊或西班牙)。4. Whats it like there ? 那里怎么样?这个句型是我们在第二册中学习过的,当时我们对人提问,“Whats she like ? ”她这人怎么样。现在是对地点对问,请你介绍一下对某地的看法与印象。你可以回答:Its beautiful ! Its wonderful ! 等等。5. Hows the weather there ? 那里的天气怎么样?这也是上学期我们学过的句子。你可以用一系列表示天气的词来回答。如Its cool . (hot , humit , warm )6. Who are you going with ? 你准备和谁一块儿去?Im going with my parents . 我和我父母一块儿去。学会了上面这些句子,我们又增加了许多谈话的内容。同学们在课外,可以勤练习。Step 3. Section B. 3a P171. Read the article . After reading , answer my questions .Pierre Lamberts Vacation Plans !Pierre Lambert , the famous French singer , is taking a long vacation this summer !He thought about going to Greece or Spain , but finally decided on Canada . “I always take vacations in Europe , ”he said . “This time I want to do something different . I heard that Canada is beautiful , and I know there are many people there who speak French . ”Pierre is going to Canadas Great Lakes region . He is leaving the first week in June and staying until September . He plans to have a very relaxing vacation . “Im taking walks , going fishing , and going bike riding . Im hoping that the beautiful countryside will help me forget all my problems . At night , Im renting videos and sleeping a lot a no-stress vacation ! I cant wait . Ill be a new man when I return to Paris !Questions :(1)Where is Pierre going for vacation ?(2)When is he going ?(3)Why did he decide on Canada ?(4)What is he doing there ?(5)How long is he staying ?Keys :(1)Pierre is going to Canadas Great Lakes region .(2)He is going the first week in June .(3)It is beautiful and there are many people there who speak French .(4)Hes taking walks 、 going fishing 、 going bike riding .At night , hes renting videos and sleeping a lot .(5)He is staying until September .Unit 4 How do you get to school ?一. 语言目标:language goal在这个单元中我们将谈论有关交通和距离的问题In this unit we are going to talk about transportation and distances .二. 语言结构:structures1. How questions:关于交通和距离的问句。2. 对How问句的回答。三. 目标语言:Target Language :1. How do you get to school ?你怎样到学校?2. How does Mary get to school ?Mary怎样到学校?3. She takes the train .她乘火车。4. How long does it take ?花多长时间?5. It takes about 10 minutes to walk and 15 minutes by bus .走路大约要用10分钟,乘公共汽车要用15分钟。6. How far is it from his home to school ?从他家到学校有多远?7. Its three miles .三英里。8. How do I get there ?我怎么(才能)到那儿?9. How far is it from here ?从这儿(到那儿)有多远?10. How far do you live from school ?你住的地方离学校有多远?四. 词汇:Vocabulary .bicycle 自行车 subway 地铁car 汽车 bus 公共汽车bus stop / bus station 公共汽车站subway station 地铁站ride 骑 kilometer 公里、千米transportation 交通 leave for 离开,去某地by boat 乘坐小船 worry 担心五. 重点、难点分析:1. P24. How do you get to school ?你是怎样到学校的。特殊疑问词How表示“怎么样”get to表示“到达”。相当于reach .如:I get to school at 8 oclock .或:I reach school at 8 oclock .注意get to + 名词,必须有“to”,因为“get”是不及物动词,如get to Beijing。而reach Beijing . “reach”因为是及物动词,可直接跟宾语,不加“to”。另外:get to后如果跟“there , here , home”这三个副词时,不加“to”。get there 到达那里get here 到达这里get home 到家此外:(同“get to”一样,后跟副词“there , here , home”时介词“in”或“at”不出现。如:He arrived home yesterday .昨天他到家了。)arrive也表示到达,后面要加介词in或at,如:He arrived in London at 3 p.m.他下午三点到达伦敦。2. 表示乘什么交通工具时可以说:He takes the train .他乘火车。take表示“乘坐”He takes the bus .他乘公共汽车。还有表示交通方式时可以说:He gets to school by bus / train / plane或air / ship / car他乘公共汽车/火车/飞机/船/小卧车到学校。by“介词”表示“乘”什么工具。注意在by和bus等中间不加冠词“the”。但当我们说步行到哪里时不用介词“by”,而用“on”。on foot如:He goes to school on foot .他步行去学校。此外还可以说成:He walks to school .3. 在美国我们说地下铁为subway .英国将地下铁称为underground .4. P25. How long does it take ?take 在这里表示“花费时间”、“占用”、“需要”的意思。如:It takes twenty - five minutes .占用25分钟。5. P25. 36 . How long does it take you to get from home to school ?To do something take(s) somebody (sb) some time 做某件事情占用某人时间如:To get to the hospital takes you half an hour .其中“To get to the hospital”是不定式做主语。不定式结构就是to + 动词原形。如:want to play 中“to play”就是不定式。在上一例句中不定式(划线)部分作主语太长,使句子不平衡。为了保持句子平衡,我们将它放在句尾。这时需要一个“形式”主语来代替它放在主语的位置。那么上一句就应该为:It takes you half an hour to get to the hospital .It为形式主语。到目前为止我们已经学了几种“it”的用法。1)表示动物的“它”。It is a panda .它是个熊猫。2)表示前边提到过的事情或物。如:I like the book . It is interesting .3)表示天气。It is warm . 天很暖和。4)表示距离:It is ten miles。距离10英里。5)作形式主语:It is important to eat a balanced diet .真正的主语是to eat a balanced diet .6)表示时间:It is 8 oclock .fromto表示“从到”from Shanghai to Beijing .从上海到北京。Unit 5 Can you come to my party ? Language goal: 1. say yes or no to invitations 2. Give reasons 3. 复习情态动词have to的用法,以及“be+ving”的结构。也就是用现在进行时表示将来已计划好的事情。structure 1. Can you come to my party ? 2. 情态动词Model verb : “have to” 3. Im going tovocabulary Id love to 我很愿意 Thanks for asking . 谢谢你的邀请。 calendar 日历 the day after tomorrow 后天 前天 the day before yesterday invitation 邀请(n.) invite (v. 动词) school team 校队 whole 全部的(the whole world 全世界) come over to 从一个地方来到另一个地方;过去 discuss v. 讨论、商讨(n. discussion) till 到之时,直至 help 帮助Target Language 1. Can you come to my party ? 你能来我的聚会吗? Sure , Id love to . 当然,我很愿意。 2. Can you go to the movies ? Im sorry . I have to help my mom . 你能去看电影吗?对不起,我必须帮我妈妈。 3. Can she go to the baseball game ? No , she cant . She has to study for a test . 她能去棒球赛吗?不能,她不得不为考试学习。 4. Can they go to the concert ? No , they cant . Theyre going to a party . 他们能去音乐会吗?不能,他们将去(参加)聚会。在我们日常生活中经常会邀请同学或朋友一起和我们做什么,应该怎么说呢? (1)你周三能来我的生日会吗? Can you come to my birthday party on Wednesday ? (2)你能和我一起打网球吗? Can you play tennis with me ? (3)你明天晚上能来我的家吗?(come over to) Can you come over to my house tomorrow evening ? (4)她后天能去听音乐会吗? Can she go to the concert the day after tomorrow ? (5)他们能去看电影吗? Can they go to the movie ? 这些句子中“can”表示“可能性”。 (1)这些表示邀请的句子,我们都可以用情态动词can来表示“可能”“能够”。表示一种可能性。 (2)在此之前,我们还见过can表示“能力”“能、会”。 如She can run fast , but I cant . 她能跑得很快,而我不能。 (3)另外我们还学过can表示许可、允许。 如:We can listen to music in the music class . 我们能在音乐课上听音乐。 We cant run in the hallways . 我们不能在走廊里跑。 2. 学会了如何邀请他人做某事,我们也应该知道如何对别人的邀请说愿意或表示拒绝,并学会如何讲清原因。 如:当同学邀请你去看电影时,你非常愿意。 那么你就应该说: Sure ! Id love to . 或说:Sure ! Id like to . 注意在这两种中“to”不能省掉,否则意思不完整,不能说: Id like或Id love . Id love to 比Id like to表达程度更深一些。 d = would Id love to = I would love to . 如果我们有事不能去,我们可以说: 非常感谢你的邀请,但很抱歉我不能去。 Thank you very much for your invitation . 或说: Thanks for asking . Im sorry , I cant . 接下来我们应该陈述理由。 如:(1)我必须帮助我的妈妈。 I have to help my mom . (2)我们将要踢足球去。 We are playing soccer . (3)他不得不为数学考试学习。 He has to study for the math test . (4)我有一节钢琴课。 I am having a piano lesson . (5)我这个周末的作业太多。 I have too much homework this weekend . (6)我要去堂兄的生日会。 Im going to my cousins birthday party . 可以用“have to”表示客观上的“必须”“不得不”,也可以用现在进行时表示计划好的将来要做的事情。(七)重点难点分析 1. 情态动词“have to”与其他的情态动词如:“can” , “may” “must”和 “should”(应该)不同。 (1)这4个情态动词没有人称的变化。 而have to有。它的第三人称单数为“has to” 如: He should study hard . 他应该好好学习。 He has to study hard . 他不得不好好学习。 (2)这4个情态动词在一般疑问句中将它们提前大写,在否定句中直接在他们后边加not即可。 我们以can为例。 Can he go with us ? 他能和我们一起去吗? He cant go with us . 他不能和我们一起去。 而“have to”要加助动词do , does或did才可能完成其疑问、否定句。 同学们试着将下面三种话分别写成(1)一般疑问句,并做肯定回答。(2)否定句。 A: They have to go to the party . Do they have to go to the party ? Yes , they do . They dont have to go to the party . B: He has to go to see the doctor . Answers : Does he have to go to see the doctor ? Yes , he does . He doesnt have to go to see the doctor . C. She had to have a piano lesson yesterday . Answers : Did she have to have a piano lesson yesterday ? Yes , she did . She didnt have to have a piano lesson yesterday . (用了助动词 “does”或 “did”表示疑问,否定时一定注意原来动词的第三人称单数或过去式要还原) 2. I have to help my parents . 我不得不帮助我的父母。 如果说我不得不帮助我父母干家务怎么说呢? 关于help我们已经讲过它的用法 help sb with sth . 或help sb (to) do sth . 上一句我们可以说: I have to help my parents with the housework . 或说I have to help my parents (to) do the housework . 3. 当别人向我们讲述他不能去的理由后,我们可以说 Thats too bad . Maybe another time . 太糟了,也许换个时间吧。 或Maybe next time . 也许下一次吧。 P30. 2c 4. Thanks for asking . 谢谢你的邀请。 for是个介词不能直接跟动词 “ask”,所以动词变为动名词的形式 “asking”起到名词作用。 Thanks for your photos . (photos为名词) Thanks for helping me . (helping为动名词) 如果说:谢谢你邀请我去做什么事情。 我们可说:Thank you for your invitation to visit next week .5. P33 . 3a. I have a really busy week . 我有个实在忙碌的一周。 6. Im playing tennis with the school team . 我将同校队打网球。 7. P34. finish the geography project in the evening . 意思是在晚上完成地理作业。 project有计划、工程、设计的意思。 8. the whole day 整个一天。 whole做“定语”如讲:the whole country . 整个国家 the whole world 整个世界等 9. come over to my house 到我家来 come over to表示从一个地方来到另一个地方。 come over还有“过来”“顺便来访”的意思 同学们根据五单元的内容及所学的重点句型翻译下列各句: 1. Mary能去棒球赛吗? Can Mary go to the baseball game ? 2. 她必须照顾(babysit)她的妹妹。 She has to babysit her sister . 3. 我这周真的很忙。 I am really busy this week . 4. 非常感谢你的邀请(用a lot) Thanks a lot for your invitation . 5. 我这周末作业太多。 I have too much homework this weekend . 6. 我后天去大型购物中心。 I am going to the mall the day after tomorrow . 7. 我不得不帮他打扫他的房间。 I have to help him (to) clean his room . 8. 我必须练习钢琴。 I have to practise the piano . 9. 你能和我一起去购物吗? Can you go shopping with me ? 10. 当然我很愿意。 Sure . Id love to .unit7教案Unit 7 How do you make a banana smoothie?one of the links about howLanguage Goals1. Describe a process2. Follow instructionsStructures1. Imperatives2. Use first , next , then , finally to describe a process。3. Countable and uncountable nouns4. How many 和How muchTarget language1. How do you make a banana smoothie ?Peel the bananas .Pour the milk into the blender.2. How many apples do we need? Three.3. How much yogurt do we need ? Two cups .4. How do you make popcorn ? First , put the popcorn into the popcorn popper .Next , turn on the popper . Then , put some salt into it .Finally , ready to serve .?Vocabulary1. Words about actionturn on? To cause to begin the operation, activity, or flow of:peel? To strip or cut away the skin, rind, or bark from; pare.cut up? To cut into piecespour ?To make (a liquid or granular solid) stream or flow, as from a container.drink?mix up ?To combine or blend into one mass or mixture.add . toput .in / intoput .on .2. Words about foodsmoothie ?yogurt? cinnamon watermelon? popcornsauce? crust? mayonnaise turkey ?slice? relishlettuce? sandwich? ingredient ?bread? mustard3. Words about cookwareblender ?recipe? teaspoon bowl ?popper? oven4. words about sequencefirst? then next? finally5. Othersamount? uncountable? countable? nounslice? instruction ?top?Grammar1. 可数名词和不可数名词(Countable noun and Uncountable noun. )从名词的数上划分,英语名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。可数名词的单数可以与冠词a/an 连用。不可数名词一般没有复数形式,不能与a / an 连用。在这里,我们重点讲述不可数名词。(1)不可数名词包括各种物质的统称。eg. bread 面包? stone石头beer啤酒? water水cream奶油? wood木头jam果酱? ice 冰paper纸? oil油soap肥皂? glass玻璃tea茶? gold黄金(2)抽象名词也是不可数名词advice 主意/忠告death死亡beauty美丽、漂亮help帮助(3)在英文中下列名词也是不可数名词baggage 行李? furniture家具weather气候? information信息knowledge知识? news新闻(4)不可数名词没有复数形式,不能与a / an 连用,在前面往往加上some(一些), any (任何), no (没有),a little (少许)等词,或与量词搭配,组成短语。eg. I dont want any advice or help . I want some information.a piece of news .? 一条消息a drop of oil? 一滴油a cake of soap? 一块肥皂a cup of tea? 一杯茶two slices of bread 两片面包three teaspoons of mayonnaise 三茶匙蛋黄酱(5)英语名词的可数或不可数,不要从汉语本身去理解,要根据英语的习惯和特点判断、记忆。例如:money是不可数名词,dollar则是可数名词。eg. I have much money . 我有许多钱He has many dollars 他有许多美元。(6)有些词即是可数名词,又是不可数名词。如hair 指一个人头上的全部头发时,是不可数名词;如果指每一根毛发时,就是可数的,可以说one hair , two hairs .eg. Her hair is black . Whenever she finds a grey hair she pulls it out.她的头发是黑的。她只要发现有一根白发就将它拔掉。2. 祈使句的使用祈使句用来表示请求、命令等。没有主语,动词用原形。否定的祈使句要在动词前加Dont构成。Stand up , Please ! 请起立。Dont wake me up tomorrow morning . 明天早上别叫醒我。Hurry up , or you will be late . 赶紧一点,否则你会迟到的。Dont run in the hallways . 在走廊上不能跑。Peel the apple , please . 给苹果削皮。Exercise : 汉译英(1)切碎三个香蕉、三个苹果和一个西瓜。(2)把水果放进一个碗里。(3)放两茶匙肉桂和一杯酸奶。(4)把所有的东西混在一起搅拌。Keys :Cup up three bananas , three apples and a watermelon.Put the fruit in a bowl.Put in two teaspoons of cinnamon and a cup of yogurt .Mix it all up .3. 学习陈述一个过程及一些副词first , next , then . finally 的使用。在生活中,我们经常要向别人讲述一件事情发生的经过,或者讲述做事的先后顺序。也就是叙述一个过程,恰当的使用first , next , then , 和finally ,既能使说话人喘口气,又能使听话者感到句子的连贯性。First .(首先.), Next .(接下来.)Then .(然后.), Finally .(最后.)eg. A: How do you make chicken Sandwich ?B: Well , first , put the mayonnaise on a slice of bread . Then cut up an onion and a tomato. Add these to the sandwich . Next , put some lettuce and the chicken slices on the sandwich . Put the relish on the chicken . Finally , put another slice of bread on top .A: It must be delicious .Thank you for telling me .4. How many 和How much .二者的意思均是多少,用法稍有不同。How many 后面接可数名词,How much 后面接不可数名词eg. (1)How many apples do we need to make fruit salad ?Three .我们需要多少个苹果做水果沙拉?三个。(注意:How many 后面接可数名词的复数。)(2)How much yogurt do you put in the smoothie ?Two cups of yogurt .你在饮料里面放了多少酸奶?两杯酸奶。5. cut 切,割,剪,割破cut up 切碎、粉碎、捣毁eg. I cut my finger when I cooked dinner yesterday.昨天我做晚饭时割破了手指。The butcher cut up the meat .屠夫把肉切碎。6. add.to把.加到.上eg. If you add 5 to 6 , you get 11. 五加六得十一。Please add turkey slice to the sandwich .请把火鸡片加到三明治里。7. 补充词汇(1)碟子 dish? (2)盘子plate(3)汤匙spoon? (4)刀子knife(5)叉子fork? (6)打蛋器egg beater(7)苏打水soda (8)奶油cream(9)peach桃 (10)梨pear(11)葡萄grape (12)strawberry草莓(13)sauce酱油 (14)sesame oil 香油(15)butter 黄油 (16)salad oil 色拉油(17)peanut oil 花生油Unit 9 When was he born?Teaching Goals:1. Talk about exceptional people, famous people.2. Talk about profession3. Talk about things in the pastLanguage Structures1. who,whenHow longwhatquestions2. Consolidate Simple Past Tense and the past form of verbs3. Adverbial clauses withwhen,4. Passive voiceVocabulary1. Words about professionping-pong player,basketball player,tennis player,soccer/football player,skater(滑冰者)pianist(钢琴家),violinist(小提琴家)movie star(电影明星),golfer(打高尔夫球的人),athlete(运动员)2.Verbsstart,begin(开始)hiccup(打嗝),sneeze(打喷嚏),become(变成),hum(哼唱),receive(接受),admire(钦佩),enter(参加),major(主修),stop(停止)3. Adjectivesalive(活着的)famous(著名的),talented(天才的),loving(慈爱的),kind(友好的),outstanding(杰出的),unusual(罕有的),creative(有创造力的),such(这样的),beautiful(美好的),great(伟大的,杰出的),Brazilian(巴西人的、巴西的)4. Othersrecord(纪录),achievement(成就,功绩),accordion(手风琴),Warsaw(华沙),honor(荣誉),university(大学)Important sentences1. Who is that?2. Thats Deng Yaping. S

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