生态翻译学视角下饮食文化负载词英译研究.pdf

a study on english translation of culture loaded words of food culture from the perspective of eco translatology 生态翻译学视角下生态翻译学视角下饮食饮食文化负载词英译文化负载词英译 研究研究 黄春霞黄春霞 二 二 一四一四 年年 六六 月月 硕士学位硕士学位 论论 文文 硕硕 士士 黄黄 春春 霞霞 生生 态态 翻翻 译译 学学 视视 角角 下下 饮饮 食食 文文 化化 负负 载载 词词 英英 译译 研研 究究 2014 分类号 密级 udc 硕硕士学位论文士学位论文 a study on english translation of culture loaded words of food culture from the perspective of eco translatology 生态翻译学视角下生态翻译学视角下饮食饮食文化负载词英译文化负载词英译 研究研究 学科专业学科专业 外国语言学及应用语言学 指导教师指导教师 谢晓莺 论文答辩日期论文答辩日期 2014 年 5 月 18 日 学位授予日期学位授予日期 2014 年 6 月 30 日 答辩委员会主席答辩委员会主席 温科学 a study on english translation of culture loaded words of food culture from the perspective of eco translatology a thesis submitted to the foreign languages college of guangxi university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of arts by huang chunxia under supervision of professor xie xiaoying june 2014 广西大学学位论文原创性和使用授权声明广西大学学位论文原创性和使用授权声明 本人声明所呈交的论文 是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得 的研究成果 除已特别加以标注和致谢的地方外 论文不包含任何其他个 人或集体已经发表或撰写的研究成果 也不包含本人或他人为获得广西大 学或其它单位的学位而使用过的材料 与我一同工作的同事对本论文的研 究工作所做的贡献均已在论文中作了明确说明 本人在导师指导下所完成的学位论文及相关的职务作品 知识产权归 属广西大学 本人授权广西大学拥有学位论文的部分使用权 即 学校有 权保存并向国家有关部门或机构送交学位论文的复印件和电子版 允许论 文被查阅和借阅 可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行 检索和传播 可以采用影印 缩印或其它复制手段保存 汇编学位论文 本学位论文属于 保密 在 年解密后适用授权 不保密 请在以上相应方框内打 论文作者签名 日期 指导教师签名 日期 作者联系电话 电子邮箱 i acknowledgements as the thesis is near completed i would like to avail myself of this opportunity to extend my deep gratitude and my sincere appreciations to all the people who helped me in the thesis first and foremost my hearty gratitude and deep thankfulness go to my supervisor professor xie xiaoying for that during these three years she gave me great instructions and encouragement being rigorous in research and strict in management she helped me cultivate a positive attitude toward study and life she showed me how to engage in research and how to illustrate the main point and the creativity i really benefit a lot from her erudition encouragement and generous help without professor xie s patient guidance and careful revising the thesis would not have been completed in addition i would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to all the teachers who have taught me their profound knowledge expressed me a lot and would benefit me for my lifetime i learn from their excellent teaching and their hardworking spirit which give me no excuse in research or work finally my sincere thanks go to my dear parents friends and classmates my parents give me spiritual support and understand me comfort me when i feel tired my friends would extend their cares and help me deal with the problems my dear classmates often work with me to solve problems ii 摘要 随着国际交往的密切 为了让外国人更加深入了解中国五千年的历史 促进中外文 化交流 我们国家制作了许多大型的纪录片投放在央视国际频道 其中包括中国饮食文 化的纪录片 这些饮食文化纪录片被翻译成英文 向全球传播中国的饮食文化 因此饮 食文化负载词翻译也得到重视 然而大多时候饮食文化负载词翻译研究是从跨文化交际 角度 文化语境角度或者直接聚焦翻译策略角度进行 单一的视角已经不足来解决复杂 多元的文化元素给翻译带来的影响和局限 因此 寻求一种能够从多个层面 多元化来 指导 研究文化负载词翻译的理论和方法是翻译领域的一个大趋势 由清华大学教授胡 庚申提出的生态翻译学可以解决这个问题 生态翻译学是一种生态视角的翻译研究 它以 自然选择 优胜劣汰 等 生物 进化论 的基本原则为基础 从多维度多层面来研究翻译 生态翻译学认为翻译过程是 译者的适应和选择过程 即一方面 译者要选择性适应翻译生态环境 另一方面 译者 在适应并接受受翻译生态环境的制约的前提下 做出适应性选择 得到整合性最高的译 文 本文以生态翻译学为理论框架 采用定性分析和案例分析方法 以饮食纪录片里的 饮食文化负载词英译为分析对象 剖析译者的适应选择过程 研究发现 1 饮食文化 负载词翻译是一个需要译者能够多维度地适应翻译生态环境并在此基础上做出适应性 选择的复杂过程 2 源语 目标观众以及字幕等等构成的翻译生态环境会限制译者的选 择 饮食文化负载词语言形式多变且文化内涵丰富 要求译者不仅要适应语言形式还要 达到正确传播中国传统饮食文化的目的 译者要考虑到各种文化背景迥异的观众 在翻 译时尽可能避免文化冲突 饮食文化负载词翻译以字幕的形式呈现 要求译者能够适应 字幕的时间和空间特点 使得翻译简洁易懂 3 在语言维和交际维 译者灵活采用不同 的翻译方法 直译 音译和意译 和翻译策略 增译 改译 加注 译述和仿作 来实 现多维度转换 在语言维 译者主要从词汇层面和修辞层面选择翻译方法 在词汇层面 iii 译者为了保持词汇的语言形式和意义的对等 多采用直译和音译 在不能保持词汇语言 形式和意义对等的情况下 译者采用意译来保持词汇意义对等 在修辞层面 由于源语 和目标语言的不完全对等 译者多采用意译 在交际维 为了实现交际目的 译者灵活 采用增译 改译 加注 译述和仿作的翻译策略来进行转换 4 译文中所出现的误译大 多是由于译者没有正确判断具体的翻译生态环境导致不正确的适应和选择所致 因此译 者要不断提高增强生态翻译意识 发挥主观性作用 事实证明 以生态翻译学理论为基础指导的翻译能够让不同文化背景的外国人士更 深刻 更真实地感知中国文化 此外 用生态翻译学来研究饮食文化负载词英译可以给 饮食方向的翻译研究提供一个新的角度 关键词 生态翻译学 饮食文化负载词 英译 适应 选择 iv abstract with the close communication between foreign countries and china in order to make the foreigners understand the five thousand year history of china more deeply and what s more for the purpose of cultural exchanges our country has made lots of large scale documentaries to broadcast on cctv channels including documentaries of chinese food culture these documentaries of chinese food culture have been translated into english and spread chinese food culture to the whole world therefore the studies on the translation of culture loaded words of food culture cwf for abbreviation are attached importance however most of the studies on translation of cwf are mainly from the perspectives of cross communication cultural context or just focuses on the translation methods the single perspective can not cope with the effect and limitation of translation caused by complicated diverse cultural elements therefore to search for a theory or method to guide and study culture loaded words translation from multiple dimensions and levels is a big trend in translation field professor hu gengshen from tsinghua university puts forward eco translatology which can solve the problem from some extent eco translatology is to explore translation from the perspective of ecology which takes the basic principle of biological evolution as its cornerstone such as natural selection survival of the fittest etc it studies the translation from multiple dimensions and levels the translation process under eco translatology can be concluded into the translator s adaptation and the translator s selection on the one hand the translator needs to make selective adaptation to the translational eco environment on the other hand under the premise that the adaptation to the translational eco environment and the acceptance of restricts from the translational eco environment the translator makes adaptive selection achieving the holistic translation v based on the theoretical framework of eco translatology the thesis employs qualitative analysis and case analysis taking the english translation of cwf of food documentaries into analysis to explore the translator s adaptation and selection after study it is found 1 cwf translation is a complex process which needs the translator to make multiple adaptations to translational eco environment and then make selections based on that adaptation it needs the translator adapts to the translational eco environment from multiple dimensions and then makes selection based on adaptation 2 source language target viewers and subtitle etc form the translational eco environment which restricts the translator s selection the linguistic forms of cwf are various and the cultural connotations of them are rich which require the translator not only to adapt to the linguistic forms but also to reach the communicative goal which is to spread traditional chinese food culture the translator needs to take the global audiences with different cultural background into consideration and try to avoid cultural shock as possible the translations of cwf serve as the subtitle which requires the translator to adapt to the time and space of the subtitle making the translation brief and understandable 3 the translator flexibly adopts different translation methods literal translation transliteration and free translation and translation strategies addition adaptation annotation free rendering and imitation to realize the multi dimensional transformations on linguistic and communicative dimensions the translator selects translation methods from lexical level and rhetorical level in linguistic dimension on lexical level in order to keep the equivalence of the linguistic forms and meaning of the cwf the translator frequently adopts literal translation and transliteration when the linguistic forms and meaning of the cwf can not be maintained at the same time the translator selects free translation to keep the equivalence in meaning of cwf in communicative dimension in order to meet the communicative goal the translator flexibly selects addition adaptation annotation free rendering and imitation to make transformations 4 the mistranslations arise due to the translator s failure in judging the concrete translational eco environment and then making vi improper adaptation and selection therefore the translator needs to enhance the awareness of eco translatology and give play of subjectivity practice proves that the translation under eco translatology can make the foreigners with different cultural background perceive chinese culture more deeply and readily what s more to apply eco translatology to study the english translation of cwf will provide a new angle for the translation of food culture key words eco translatology culture loaded words of food culture cwf english translation adaptation selection vii contents acknowledgements i 摘要摘要 ii abstract iv abbreviation and list of figures ix chapter1 introduction 1 1 1 research background 1 1 2 research questions 2 1 3 significance of the research 3 1 4 methodology used in the thesis 3 1 5 structure of the thesis 4 chapter2 literature review 5 2 1 culture 5 2 2 food culture 6 2 2 1 definition 7 2 2 2 classification of chinese food culture 8 2 2 3 previous studies on chinese food culture 11 2 3 culture loaded words of food culture cwf forabbreviation 12 2 3 1 information about cwf 13 2 3 2 previous studies on translation of cwf 14 2 3 3 previous studies on eco translatology 16 2 3 4 previous studies on eco translatology applied to cwf translation 18 chapter3 theoretical framework eco translatology 20 3 1 translational eco environment 20 3 2 adaptation 21 3 3 selection 23 viii 3 3 1 three dimensional transformations 23 3 3 2 adaptive selection from three dimensional transformations 25 3 4 translation process under eco translatology 26 3 4 1 translator centeredness 26 3 4 2 cyclical alternations of adaptation and selection 27 chapter4 adaptation and selection in the english translation of cwf 30 4 1 a brief introduction to around china 30 4 2 translator s adaptation to the translational eco environments 31 4 2 1 adaptation to source language 32 4 2 2 adaptation to target viewers 33 4 2 3 adaptation to features of subtitle 35 4 3 translator s adaptive selection in translation of cwf from three dimensions 36 4 3 1 the translator s adaptive selection in linguistic dimension 37 4 3 2 translator s adaptive selection in communicative dimension 49 4 4 the mistranslations due to violation of adaptation and selection 56 4 4 1 mistranslations due to violation of adaptation 57 4 4 2 mistranslations due to violation of selection 58 4 4 3 tips for avoiding the mistranslations 60 4 5 summary 61 chapter 5 conclusion 63 5 1 major findings and implications 63 5 2 limitations 64 5 3 suggestions for further study 65 bibliography 66 papers published during the study for m a degree 70 ix abbreviation and list of figures abbreviation cwf culture loaded words of food culture list of figures figure3 4 2 1 the translating process under eco translatology p28 figure3 4 2 2 the production process of translation from natural selection p29 广西大学硕士学位论文 生态翻译学视角下饮食文化负载词英译研究 1 chapter1 introduction chinese culture admires harmony is precious which is well known by the world and influences the whole world greatly food culture as an important part of chinese culture also advocates harmony which includes the harmony of colors texture and tastes etc with chinese restaurants booming in the whole world more and more foreigners are interested in chinese food culture in order to make the foreigners better understand and learn chinese food culture cctv makes lots of food documentaries to spread chinese food culture around china is one of them containing special programs on chinese food culture because china is a paradise of cuisine and food culture is an important part in understanding chinese culture the wonderful pictures are accompanied with chinese english subtitle making the programs local attractive and understandable for foreigners 1 1 research background around china zou bian zhong guo is a program made by cctv china central television to spread the traditional chinese cultures and promote cross cultural communication between china and foreign countries around china contains secondary programs about food in china the food programs center on the characteristics of the major chinese cuisines showing different regional people s life style life attitude dietary habits and their creativity in the food through process and experiential form and from the perspective of inheritance of cooking skills the programs show the unique glamour of a particular cuisine to the world and thus it carries forward the traditional culture essence of the chinese nation due to geographical differences social factors and cultural origin the east and west countries have shaped their own social systems with great cultural difference after thousands 广西大学硕士学位论文 生态翻译学视角下饮食文化负载词英译研究 2 of years development moreover today s world has developed into a diversified world cultural exchange between different countries and regions has become increasingly frequent and important numerous culture loaded words in this kind of programs make cultural exchange difficult the single perspective can not solve the problem of translation caused by diversified elements to search for a new theory or method to guide and study culture loaded words translation from multiple dimensions and levels is a big trend in translation field eco translatology advocated by hu gengshen a professor from tsinghua university can solve the translation problems caused by diversified elements on the basis of eco translatology translation is described as adaptation and selection within the translational eco environment it studies the translation from a macro angle and emphasizes multi dimensional transformations in the thesis the author makes an attempt to apply eco translatology to guide the study on the translation of cwf and tries to figure out how the translator makes adaptation and selection in translation from multiple dimensions 1 2 research questions since the current paper is made to study the translation of cwf under eco translatology the author of the paper will make efforts to provide readers with convincing answers to the following questions after the whole research is done 1 how does the translator conduct translation of cwf under the framework of eco translatology 2 what translation methods and strategies can be applied for the sake of carrying out the translator s multi dimensional transformations 3 how to avoid mistranslations 广西大学硕士学位论文 生态翻译学视角下饮食文化负载词英译研究 3 1 3 significance of the research cwf translation is complicated and comprehensive the direct purpose of cwf translation in food documentaries is to spread traditional chinese food culture making foreigners better understand and readily accept chinese culture with the help of the internet and books the author finds out lots of articles on the study of cwf translation at home and abroad most of them apply one perspective to study the cwf translation on one aspect such as the translation of chinese dish names the single perspective can not take all the cultural elements into consideration making the translation obscure few studies pay attention to the translation of cwf from multiple dimensions therefore the thesis will spare no effort to make a study on the translation of cwf including the specific chinese cooking techniques chinese dish names diet customs etc from multiple dimensions the author hopes to figure out a new study translation model for the cwf translation which will help foreigners better understand and accept chinese food culture and spread chinese food culture widely and successfully 1 4 methodology used in the thesis the methodologies used in this research are qualitative analysis and case analysis and case analysis is mostly based on the cases of cwf translation in food documentaries these food documentaries not only introduces the major cuisine styles in china but also carries forward the traditional chinese culture behind the cuisine playing a very important role in promoting the cultural communication between china and foreign countries all examples in this thesis are taken from cuisines across china shi zai ba fang in around china of cctv4 as they are very representative prestigious and influential which will give affluent evidence for the author s analysis 广西大学硕士学位论文 生态翻译学视角下饮食文化负载词英译研究 4 1 5 structure of the thesis there are totally five chapters in the thesis the first chapter gives the main information about the research background research questions significance of the research methodology used in this thesis and the structure of it the second chapter is literature review the author will give a whole introduction to culture food culture and cwf including the classification of food culture and previous studies on cwf under eco translatology the third chapter analyzes theoretical framework of eco translatology including the translational eco environment adaptation selection and the translation process the fourth chapter is the core analyzing the translation of cwf from the perspective of eco translatology according to the theoretical framework of eco translatology the first stage is about the translator s adaptation to translational eco environment in this part the author will focus on the characteristics of chinese cwf and the target viewers and the subtitle all of which will definitely influence the translation the second stage is the translator s adaptive selection from three dimensions namely linguistic dimension cultural dimension and communicative dimension the author will analyze the translator s adaptive selection from the linguistic dimension and communicative dimension systematically there are also some mistranslations due to the translator s violation of adaptation and selection the author analyzes the mistranslations and provides some tips to avoid the mistranslations the fifth chapter is the conclusion summarizing the major findings and implications of the research meanwhile the limitations a