中小企业财务战略选择研究外文文献及翻译.docx

本科生毕业设计（论文）外文原文及译文所在系 管理系 学 生 姓 名 袁浪浪 专 业 会计学 2015年6月外文文献原文及译文small and medium-sized enterprise financial strategy choice in differentfinancial strategic management of the significance of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, this paper expounds the development of enterprise needs not only scientific, fine daily management, need more forward-looking strategic vision and strategic thinking;through the analysis of the financial characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprises (smes) in different development period, discusses the enterprise should be how to choose matching financial strategy problems, for the enterprise bigger and stronger, sustainable development, provides a feasible way of thinking.with the establishment of the modern enterprise system and market economic system reform deepening, the business activities of enterprises both contain the great vitality, also lies the great crisis.small and medium-sized enterprises how to adapt to the environment, and maintain competitive advantage not only need to strengthen the daily management of science, fine, more need to have a forward-looking strategic thought, especially the financial and strategic thinking.enterprise financial strategy, need to consider the enterprise external environment and internal conditions, and many other factors.due to the small and medium-sized enterprise its own characteristics, in financial strategy cant be consistent with the practice of large enterprise, it must has its own way.seek financial strategy for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, make the small and medium-sized enterprise to do strongly does, sustainable development, has important practical significance for the enterprise.first, the significance of small and medium-sized enterprise financial strategy managementmodern enterprise financial faces a diverse, dynamic and complicated management environment, enterprise financial management is no longer a specific methods and means of financial management, but absorbs the principle and method of strategic management, from the perspective of to adapt to the environment, use conditions, pay attention to the long-term problem of financial and strategic issues.in the small and medium-sized enterprises under the condition of relative lack of resources, to develop a suitable financial strategy, and at a reasonable allocation of scarce resources is particularly important.enterprise financial strategic focus is the development direction of the future financial activities, goals, as well as a basic approach to achieve the goal and strategy, this is a financial strategy is different from other features of various kinds of strategy.enterprise financial strategy is the overall goal of assemble, configuration, and use resources rationally, to seek balanced and effective flow of enterprise funds, build enterprise core competitive power, finally realizes the enterprise value maximization.the several aspects of the goal is connected with each other.in the long term performance for, seek the sustainable growth of enterprise financial resources and ability, to realize the enterprise capital appreciation, and make the enterprise financial ability sustainable, rapid and healthy growth, maintain and develop the enterprise the competitive advantage.strategic management in building enterprise core competitive power, need the support of enterprise financial management.enterprise capital management as the important content of financial management must reflect the requirements of enterprise strategy, ensure the implementation of the strategy of its.implement the strategy of enterprise financial management value is that it can maintain a healthy enterprise financial situation, to effectively control the financial risk of the enterprise.second, the small and medium-sized enterprise financial characteristics analysissuccessful financial strategy must be adapted to the enterprise financial characteristics, the development stage of conform to the enterprise overall strategy and the current and the benefits of stakeholders, the associated risks.roughly divided into enterprises development stage, initial, maturation and decline stages.small and medium-sized enterprises in different stages of development presents the financial characteristics are different and should be based on the analysis of characteristics of its financial seek suitable for different development period of the small and medium-sized enterprise financial strategy.1)the initial financial characteristicsthe management risk of the enterprise life cycle of the initial stage is the highest, this is because the products on the market soon, a single product structure, the scale of production limited, the product cost is higher, profitability is very poor, also need to invest a lot of money for the new product development and market development, and product market whether to expand the product should be enough space for the development of is uncertain and compensation costs, core competence has not yet formed.to small businesses from the impact of the financial management activities of enterprises cash flow, operating activities and investment activities belong to the state of outflows greater than inflows, shortage of funds, cash flows is negative, it is difficult to form internal capital accumulation, financing activities is the only source of cash.this is the initial financial characteristics of the enterprise.2)mature financial characteristicsin the beginning of small business success across, they will enter a relatively stable mature stage.in the process of enterprise tend to mature, the enterprise growth and prospect than as well as the management risk will fall;enterprises have the product of the stability of the relatively high market share and account back continuously, has the high efficiency of capital turnover;at the same time, due to the new project, cash flow, less business net cash flow is positive, the enterprise the management activities and investment activities generally characterized by net income.financing scale than the initial decline, and at this stage is given priority to with retained earnings and debt financing policy, a lot of debt servicing period, along with the increase of debt financing, rise to financial risk and operational risk equivalent.dividend proportion also have improved, high cash per share net profit ratio make the dividend payment rate and payments will improve, investors return at this time more is through the dividend distribution rather than the start-up phase of the capital gains to meet.3)the recession financial characteristicsfor recession enterprises, reduce business and product death is inevitable, and the opportunity for profitable investment is very small, the purpose of business is the turning point in order to continue to make a living.to small business financial management activities of enterprises from the impact of cash flow, because the enterprise product sales decline, slow cash flow, business activities have obvious negative cash flow.at the same time, as companies in recession more to take high dividend distribution policy, debt financing in the process of decline will increase, and financing activities generate positive cash flow, financial leverage and financial risk increases.three, different development period of the financial strategy choicethe choice of financial strategy decision of small and medium-sized enterprise financial orientation and pattern of resource distribution, affects the behavior of enterprise financing activity and efficiency.from the perspective of life cycle theory, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises generally to undergo early stage, mature stage and decline stages.small and medium-sized enterprises financial strategy will vary at different stages of development, only select and match the different developmental stages of the enterprises financial strategy, in order to promote the small and medium-sized enterprises bigger and stronger, sustainable development.1)leading the financial and strategic choicefinancing strategy is an integral part of the corporate financial strategy, it is the enterprise to raise funds to solve the main goal, principle, direction, scale, structure, major issues such as channels and means, it is not a specific fund-raising plan, but in order to meet the future environment and the requirements of enterprise strategy, to the enterprise financing, and the idea of the system for a long time, enterprise strategy implementation and enhance the competitiveness of enterprise is dedicated to provide you with reliable cash flow support.in terms of external financing, small and medium-sized enterprises have difficulty in direct financing is a worldwide phenomenon.objectively, to the extent of direct financing for smes, determined by the small and medium-sized enterprise its own problems.if it is difficult to find eligible collateral or guarantee units, commercial banks to small and medium-sized enterprise is hard to track supervision and inspection.most small and medium-sized enterprises small scale, the risk is big, once insolvency bankruptcy, commercial banks and so on, the security of the creditors rights will be these are the important factors that affect sme loans.endogenous financing strategy refers to an enterprise that mainly from internal financing source of financing.under the guidance of strategic thinking in the financing, the enterprise is not dependent on external funding, and raise the needed capital, and in this unit interior longitudinal accumulation of capital through retained profits before it.the main source of funds will be retained earnings, amortization, etc without having to pay cash, capital takes up less, savings brought by the revolving speed and so on.type endogenous financing strategy is especially suitable for the lack of external financing channels of small and medium-sized enterprises.from the perspective of tax analysis, debt financing can bring tax benefits for enterprises.but since most startups accounting only produce loss, debt financing can bring positive influence for the enterprise, and at present because our country small and medium-sized enterprises in the internal financing is relatively easy to some, lower the cost of financing, so should choose mainly endogenous financing, external financing is complementary financing strategy, provided by the owners and affiliated enterprise loan, at the same time to strengthen its own capital reserves, creating certain credit conditions, with their own assets as collateral, borrowing from financial institutions make the enterprise keep good capital structure.enterprises should choose according to future solvency acceptable way of financing, prevent enterprises from the initial stage back heavy debt burden and was in financial crisis.investment strategy is based on enterprise internal and external environment condition and its change trend, the enterprise has or the actual control of economic resources effectively put out, in order to obtain economic benefits and competitive advantage in the future.the content of investment strategy of investment direction, the determination of investment scale and proportion.content must be combined with the specific investment enterprise overall strategy and investment environment, enterprise development stage to set.in the implementation of the investment strategy, managers should pay more attention to growth, leading technology and market share targets.at the start-up stage and growth stage of medium and small enterprises, they need a lot of money to develop new products, expand the market and expand business.because it difficult to get loans from the outside, so the owners of the small and medium-sized enterprises (smes) are generally the after-tax profits retained in the enterprise, as far as possible use of cash dividend policy, keep more profits, to enrich the capital.2)mature small and medium-sized enterprise financial strategy choicefor mature type of small and medium-sized enterprises, in order to obtain sufficient funds or stable sources of funds and excellent capital structure, usually adopt the combination of a variety of financing methods for financing.financing strategy combinations can achieve better effect, such as financing, revitalize the memory through the financial assets financing, financing and depreciation enterprise commercial credit financing, etc.type financial financing strategy refers to the enterprises with financial institutions to establish close cooperation relations, use of these financial institutions long-term stable credit the funds to reach the purpose of financing the financing strategy.financial funding sources including policy banks, commercial banks and non-bank financial institutions credit financing lease, leasing company.its advantage is financing large-scale, flexible form, enterprises need to pay interest charge, does not involve the use of equity.type financial financing both bring to enterprise financial leverage effect, and can prevent the dilution of return on net assets and earnings per share, so in the meantime, small and medium-sized enterprises should be in order to improve the effect of financial leverage as a starting point, take active financing strategies, appropriately increase the proportion of debt.the deficiency of this form of financing is financing conditions and high cost, applicable to the product markets mature, is developing rapidly and has substantial advantages, especially small and medium-sized enterprises with technical advantage, is the premise of its financing is expected to borrow funds capital profit margin is higher than interest rates.in addition to this, mature type of small and medium-sized enterprises should also be effective to the implementation of the internal financing strategy, optimize the enterprise internal stock fund adjustment, the enterprise stock assets.mature enterprises already have depreciation financing conditions, should play the advantages of depreciation financing.depreciation financing possesses the advantages of low cost, low risk, through the depreciation financing to optimize financing structure.companies can also make full use of the commercial credit financing.between enterprises credit financing, including accounts payable, notes payable, advance payment, etc.credit financing for small and medium-sized enterprises limited liquidity is more special significance, it is the effective way to solve the enterprise capital especially the lack of liquidity.according to the characteristics of the small and medium-sized enterprises mature financial enterprises gradually rise in profits and stable at the same time, maintain production cost is reduced, which makes the enterprise capital at the beginning of the mature found some surplus.this stage of the small and medium-sized enterprises with profit maximization as the financial management goal, usually by taking scale expansion, development of diversification and find new ways to invest profit opportunities.suitable for mature with the situation of small and medium-sized enterprises investment strategy includes scale expansion strategy and stable investment strategy.the expansion of scale expansion mainly refers to the core product sales.expansion investment strategy is the mature period of small and medium-sized enterprises one of the most commonly used investment strategy, is small and medium-sized enterprises achieve high growth of the most direct, the most effective way.the main means to realize scale expansion of market penetration, development strategy and product development strategy.after entering the mature stage of small and medium-sized enterprises, can produce a stronger intention and the growth of their own lack of various conditions, and ability of its internal contradiction, therefore, should hold more prudent attitude in financial aspects, blind expansion of avoid by all means.summary of small and medium-sized enterprises in the reasons for failure in the process of seeking development, finance unsound accounts for large proportion.when companies have some occupy the market of products, with the possible longer profitable accumulation, often not very attention to working capital turnover, but for the past business on success, a large amount of working capital will be used for investment in fixed assets, it will lead to new tensions on the turnover of working capital.there is in order to avoid a single product, is trying to spread risk through diversification and the diversification operation, however due to the small and medium-sized enterprises generally smaller overall capital, diversification is very easy to cause the original items of working capital turnover difficult, and the new investment projects and could not form a certain scale, management ability and management experience, combined with the lack of necessary beyond to establish competitive advantage, enhancing the management risk.different enterprises in the investment operation of the project will have different requirements, the expansion of investment strategy and stable investment strategy selection, small and medium-sized enterprise must look at the business conditions and environment, to choose the appropriate investment strategy.enterprises in the investment management aspects, therefore, should be to put money to be able to take advantage of the enterprise market of the products, and constantly update technical renovation, equipment, expand production scale, improve product yield and quality, to increase economies of scale, improve market share.at this stage, the enterprise should be scientific, reasonable choice of the mode of investment, strengthen the investment project feasi