英语论文：论中西饮食文化差异.doc

英语论文：论中西饮食文化差异 on differences between chinese and western dietary cultures论中西饮食文化差异abstractdiet is absolutely necessary in the life of mankind and even in the existence or development because of the differences between chinese and western cultural traditions the chinese and western dietary cultures are different in concept target pattern attribution and nature we study these differences and then find out the points that can be digested in order to facilitate the communication about cultures between china and the west taiwan professor zhang qijun said the old saying eat drink man woman who wishes greatly for such a standard fair western culture in particular modern american culture can be said to be male and female culture but the chinese culture can be said to be a dietary culture as the reason of the cultural traditions the western lives tend to men and women but because of the narrow gender relations chinese people are dumping guidance on life in the restaurants thus the diet is rich in culture food culture in the west is not developed enough but this underdevelopment itself is the result of the development of a culture so it is still significant to study the dietary cultures of chinese and western diet by the analysis of the differences between chinese and western dietary cultures we can comprehend the respective cultural traditions of china and the west and we can also improve and create the culture of china key wordsdietary culture cultural tradition differences摘要饮食是人类生活生存与发展的必需可是由于中西方文化传统的差异导致了中西方饮食文化在观念对象方式归属与性质方面产生了差异研究这些差异找出可以融会贯通的地方促进中西文化交流台湾张起钧教授说过古语说饮食男女人之大欲存焉就这样的标准而论西方文化特别是近代美国式的文化可说是男女文化而中国可说是一种饮食文化由于文化传统的缘故西方人的人生倾向男女关系而中国人由于对男女关系的褊狭把人生精力倾泄导向于饮食由此赋予饮食以丰富的文化内涵虽然饮食文化在西方不够发达但这种不发达本身也是一种文化发展的结果所以对中西饮食文化的比较仍有意义通过对中西饮食文化差异的分析我们可以了解中西方各自的文化传统同时能对中国文化进行改善与创新关键词饮食文化文化传统差异 introductiononce there is a saying that food is eating well-deserved for human life so food is an indispensable condition for the survival and development of human beings there are two desires in life one is feasting them to survive and another is the lust of men and women which can help the mankind to carry on the family line facing the two desires china pays more attention to the former while the west tends to the latter such phenomenon affects the cultural trend diet is actually the contents of our daily lives but why we call it culture that is because the diet has special status in the chinese culture and it also has a great distinction between china and the westas one of the world ancient nations chinas diet has a history almost as long as that of chinese civilization but in western countries ancient thinkers devoted less attention to the food problem than the chinese philosophers did and there is even not aware of it to the heaven degree with the opposite they recognized and interpreted the world in the perspective of the lust or love of men and women more whether the awareness of original sin of christianity adam and eve legend or ancient greek philosophy such as platos dialogue who considered the personal relationships love as the love of ontology of beauty and regarded it as a reality thinking of philosophy all these ideas become the basis of western philosophers cultural thoughts all these had potential effects on the development of western culture and westerners charactersreceiving the influence of respective cultural tradition the chinese and western dietary culture has had different characteristic the differences in concepts targets patterns attribution and nature had reflected the different dietary culture in the different state characteristic such characteristic has enriched the research value of dietary culture studying these cultural differences we can find out a joint enhancing the communication between china and the west through a comprehensive study of the subject it may be a great help to the communication of the chinese and western cultures i differences in conceptsfirst the chinese and western diet have the differences that cannot be ignored in concepts nobody will deny that the western diet is a rational concept regardless of the color of food incense flavor and shape but nutrition must be assured it cares about the intake of calories vitamins protein and so on during a day comparing with the chinese diet western diet tastes stereotyped as simple as chewing the candle but the sense tells them we must eat them all because of the nutrition and then they put it bluntly just like refueling machinethe concept of western diet is compatible with the whole western philosophy metaphysics is the main feature of western philosophy such kind of philosophy brings vitality to western culture so the natural sciences psychology and methodology achieve a rapid development in some other aspects such philosophy proposition is a significantly obstacle such as the dietary culture which is the inevitable thing to drop behind and just the metaphysics of methodology marks everywhere in celebration it stresses tableware stresses the staple stresses the servings and stresses the color and shape mix of raw materials but no matter how luxurious the grade is from los angeles to new york only one taste of steak it is no art to speak of and as dishes the chicken is chicken steak is steak even in groups which are also conducted in a shallow dish in a dish of french muttonchops one side is potato mud and muttonchops sits next to it another side is allocation of cooking beans and plus a few tablets of tomato color is on clear but the tastes of the various materials are separated not to reconcile and the entire flavor is also simple and clearchinese diet is a sense of beauty diet when people sample dishes they often say this dish is delicious and that dish is not delicious but if you ask what is meant by delicious why tasty and what are the aspects of delicious i am afraid that it will be difficult to answer this shows that which chinese people hanker on a diet is just the mood that is difficult for one to say anything even using the color flavor shape and implement which people often said to make the realm reification i am afraid it is still difficult to crown allthe beauty pursuit of chinese cuisine is clearly overriding the rational pursuit this concept of diet is also coinciding with the traditional chinese philosophy chinese philosophy as a representative of oriental philosophy its distinguishing features is the macro visual vague and evasive chinese cooking method is to reconcile and the ultimate goal is to reconcile out of a beautiful taste the main stress is measure and the overall co-ordination it contains a wealth of dialectics of chinese philosophy and all these depend on the degree of the wonderful flavor and harmony of dish the ever-changing within degrees decides the changeable of chinese food and it also decides the characteristics of chinese food as well as the characteristics on each of the chefs ii differences in targetsall diet cannot be done without vegetables the word dish is for the sound in china and it always has something to do with the plants according to a survey of western plants scholar there are 600 varieties of vegetables six times more than in the west in fact the chinese dishes vegetable dish is usual food meat dish entered the normal diet only on holidays or higher living standards so since ancient times and there was a saying of fresh vegetables chu mandarin language common people eat fresh vegetables fish only offered in the worship it is said that fresh vegetables are mainly to the civilian in general only being able to eat meat only in worship vegetarian diet takes the dominant position in the normal structurechinese people consider the vegetables as the main dish it has inextricably linked with the advocacy of buddhists they deem animals as people and plants have no soul so they advocate vegetarianism westerners do not seem to have such a good habit they uphold a cultural origin of nomadic seafaring nation living mainly by fishing and hunting collection and planting are just the complement there are more meat dishes in their lives feeding clothing and using are taken from the animals and even western medicine is derived from animals when the westerners introduce the diet characteristics of their countries they always feel that their diet is more reasonable on the mix of nutrition than china the food industry is more developed such as cans fast food although the taste is monotonous but it saves time and it also has good nutrition therefore in their countries people are generally healthier and taller than chinese and the people have strong shoulders and developed muscles but chinese people look short their shoulders narrow and legs thin their skin yellow and their body weak the differences between chinese and western food for westerners to judge the merits of the two diet is not justified mr sun yat-sen had profound study of the culture of food and incisive exposition in his composing the scheme for national reconstruction detailing the differences between chinese and western diet phenomenon he concludes chinese ordinary people drink green tea and eat simple food such as vegetables and tofu for meal such kinds of food are the most healthy and beneficial according to the research of hygienist therefore the remote people in china whose diet are far from meat and wine always live a long life also china has a big population and chinese people have enormous power to resist disease but they never try the non-diet he added the chinese vegetarians all eat tofu tofu is expected as the real meat in plants as it has the nutrition that meat has it is the meat without toxic materials so the chinese are vegetarian used to be a custom without the promotion of scholars it is also a custom that the european and american drink thick wine eat meat and fish so there was science promotion before and a severe law later such as the united states prohibition and the transfer will not carry out in a short time mr suns words tell out the scientific benefits of chinese diet and disadvantages of western dietaccording to the characteristics of the significant differences between chinese and western diet targets the chinese character is called the plant character while the westerners is animal character in response to the cultural behaviors westerners love adventure exploration conflict but the chinese people only like to live banally according to american expert on folklore ruths opinions on the cultural pattern theory chinese culture is quite similar to the classical world apollo-type character and westerners is similar to the modern world faust-type indeed the westerners such as americans in the development of the west they put the whole family on the truck and go out of the city in amid rumbling with the supplies the chinese people are always thinking about home and roots despite the promotion that young people should take the world as home but after a few decades the overseas chinese will come back to the mainland with crutch to seek their roots this concept of return and such human spirit that can only be said to cooperate with the accumulation in the diet then it brings cohesiveness to the chinese nation and then makes the human folk full of energyiii differences in dietary patternsthe chinese and western dietary patterns can be very different and these differences affect the national character in china a celebration no matter what there will be only one form as sitting together sharing one feast banquet uses round table which has created a unity of form which is courtesy comity atmosphere cate are in the center of the table it is the objects for people to appreciate and taste and it is also an intermediate of communication people toast each other and share the vegetables which reflect the mutual respect between people in the face of the good things also show the virtues of comity although from the health point of view this approach has obvious deficiencies but it is in our national happy mentality it reflects the classical chinese philosophy area of and impact for future generations it is helpful to facilitate the collective emotional exchanges and consequently difficult to reformthe western-style banquets although the food and wine are very important but in fact they are just foil the core of banquet is friendship by the conversation with the guests who sitting next to achieve the purpose of recreation if making an analogous compare between the recreation of the banquets and dancing it may be said that the chinese banquet is like group dance and the western banquet is like men and women dancing this shows that communication purpose of chinese banquet and western banquet are very obvious only the chinese banquet is more popular in the communion but western banquet shows guests reflected in the friendship between neighborsthe more obvious differences between chinese and western dietary patterns is buffet dinner which is popular in the west this method is to display all food and everybody is picking not fixed in his or her places to eat they walk freely this approach would provide the emotional interaction between individuals they never need to put every word on the table this also shows a western personality and self-respect however all the eating without jamming lacks the real affective tone like the chinese people some people want to put the buffet in the chinese food but i think it is not feasible zhang qijun in the principles of cooking tells us the main reason first buffet is not like drinking tea drinking tea is just the thing to you before you choose and displayed in the cafeteria there is a large number of food to eat so when you want to have it it is cold yet chinese cuisine will serve hot if cold nothing to eat secondly buffet dishes only can do hard dishes and beneficial dishes then you can access for large plots and those most representative of the chinese culinary arts such as the tender and lighter dishes are not in this show third the buffet can do stewing pot it means a big pot in terms of food any sophisticated cooking of a dish can only be cooked in a pot at two most and it is not able to cook the dish for dozens of people so it will not be delicious never talking of the taste under such circumstances it is clear that the use of buffet dinner will deny chinese culinary arts the chinese people are drinking around the table to show harmony and unity but the buffet has broken such pattern it raises the personal independence and self-mentioned at the first place this is the opposite of the scale of the great unity of all chinese traditional cultureiv differences in diet attributionthere are differences between chinese and western diet attribution western diet tends to be scientific and rational but the chinese diet tends to be art and sentimental during the underdevelopment era of diet these two trends have only one aim to live and never be hungry and when the dietary culture is full developed the tendency is shown in this different purpose the former is in the development of nutrition the latter is expressed as the stress on the flavorcooking is from diet the origin of food is a life-sustaining nutrition therefore the focus of western diet is only the extension of the original diet practicality the emphasis on the flavor of chinese cuisine caters the diet to the arts field mencius said flavor in the mouth has the same interests interests points out the key from nutrition to arts such interests are from the meaning of flavor in china eating is not meant to have enough it is about nutrition sometimes we eat though we are full we are overloaded with food why saying bluntly it is to appreciate the art of cooking and not saying it nicely it is the temptation of delicious for the enjoyment of taste watching the rational diet in the west it is not only waste but also harmful to the men body in fact the herbalist doctors are also opposed to overeat claiming dietary restraint but the dialectics tell us chinese people occasionally the overload and once we are comfortable we can absorb and store qigong masters at the situation of non-eat and non-drink at home is still in good spirits although their weight loses but it is intact on the human body and it is the consumption of such storage herbalist doctor also advocates winter nutrition it is also in order to store for keeping energy in the coming year chinese peoples views are more dialectical than the western diet propositions opposing overloaded stubbornly it is closer to the science truth and has been checked up for thousands of chinese medicine practicepsychologists spinoza said the desire is human nature than other the human desire for delicious is the nature of human beings which is fully reflected in process of the taste enjoyment it is imbued with the shares of lan vital life should not be a yoke but also not be a repressed desire we can not use the absolute reason to regulate the behavior of all people on the diet it is not the purpose of science and nutrition and some delicious are excluded from the table outside only delicious things can satisfy peoples appetite and then give the arrival of physical and mental pleasure chinese diet shows the transformation about sentimental form to rational form from the old days till now and cause the chinese dietary culture brimming with imagination and creativity the sensibility of chinese culinary culture is a sublime sensibility infiltrating rational sense also the realization of the nature of life in addition gustatory enjoyment is one of the main objectives pursued of the human struggle the art of chinese cuisine is compatible with the development of human history in the process more scientific than the progress of the western diet as zhang qijun in his work cooking principles said the united states is unpreceden