我简单介绍一下科技发展的一些新的突破.doc

Week 31. Task Description: The tasks of this week include introduction of the importance as well as some tips for note-taking in consecutive interpreting (CI). There will be note-taking exercises both in and outside class.2. Importance of Note-taking in CI (Feng, JiangZhong, 2002)Note-taking is a basic skill that is of utmost importance to aspirant interpreters and deserve our foremost attention. We know that it is easy for an interpreter to speak from his/her memory when the speaker pauses every one or two sentences. But if the speaker, in his/her attempt to make ideas complete and coherent, keeps speaking for 5 or even 10 minutes without any pause, which frequently happens on many occasions, the interpreter can hardly expect to remember all the things that are mentioned. This is particularly true in cases where the speaker abruptly refers to a long series of figures or a long list of names and places. It is obvious that, without the help of notes, one can hardly avoid misinterpreting or leaving out important information. To supplement short-term memory and reduce the burden of brain, it is necessary to resort to notes. Nothing but notes can help the interpreter overcome the limitation of human memory.3. Features of Note-taking in CI1) Supplementing memory efficiencyThe main use of notes is to relieve memory. Although an interpreter may have understood the main ideas of a speech, it is almost impossible for him/her to recall all the elements of a five-minute speech, particularly if it contains numbers, names, lists, since such elements cannot be recalled on the basis of analysis and logic.Moreover, through notes the interpreter can reproduce the content and structure of a speech, stressing the main ideas, the secondary elements and the relations among them.Reflecting the speech structure in notes forces the interpreter to make an immediate, oral analysis of what he/she hears, and then, when reproducing the speech, the written structure can be used as a path to verbalize the speech again.2) Essentially individual in characterAn interpreters notes can be used only in the few minutes following the speech to be interpreted. Once the speaker has finished, the speech is more present in the mind of the interpreter than in his notes. His/her notes are there to prompt his/her memory rather than reproduce the discourse. They can be used only by the one person who took them- they would be of no use to a colleague who may have heard the same speech. A few days later, even the interpreter who took them will barely be able to recall all the associations of ideas which they prompted when he took them, In other words, the notes the interpreter takes for a consecutive interpretation are by their nature personal and of value only for a limited time. Interpreters notes do not equal Stenographers shorthand. Interpreters cannot bring on the additional difficulty of decoding a series of long symbols given the extremely high demand on his processing capacity and the limitation of that capacity.4. Practical Hints for Note-takingNote-taking is, among other things, a mechanical exercise, and a number of practical suggestions are needed. Interpreters must take notes quickly and write on something convenient and easy to handle. A 15cm X 20cm stenographers note-pad is recommended, and loose sheets should definitely be avoided.Interpreters should write only on one side of the sheets, and these must be clipped at the top, so that they can be turned quickly and easily. The best thing to be used when writing is still the good old lead pencil.It is fundamental that the notes should be easily readable, in oder to allow visual contact between interpreters and the audience. Therefore, notes will be well spread on the page, written in large characters, and one single sentence can even occupy one sheet, without ecological concerns.Notes must be unequivocal: for instance, the abbreviation “-ind” must be always used to represent one idea, be it industrial or independent, without inventing symbols or abbreviations in the course of a conference: if a new symbol is used, it must be so clear as not to create problemsThey can be summarized as follows1) Appropriate attention sharing2) Dictation or shorthand doesnt work.3) Leave some space on the left margin of the notebook.4) Jot down key words or sense groups only.5) A combination of words in Chinese, English and sometimes Chinese pinpin.6) Part of a word or phrase7) Abbreviations and telegraphic codes8) Familiar signs and symbols9) Use one line for one idea or slashes to separate ideas.10) Notes, however brief or varied, should be legible.11) Dont be economical in using notebook paper.12) Notebooks turning pages vertically is better than those turning pages horizontally.5. Note-taking Exercises 1) Note-taking without interpretingA. Chinese passagese.g./gb/lecture/club/zll_2.htmlPassage 1:下面，我简单介绍一下科技发展的一些新的突破，因为这方面实在太多了，我只能大概从感兴趣的三个方面着重介绍一下，这三方面也是我们科技发展的重点领域：一是信息技术；二是生物技术；三是纳米技术.Notes:Now I Intro () New break- in S+T (too !) (key+ interest)1. IT2. Biotech3. NanotechPassage 2:大家都知道，20世纪信息技术的发展给人类各个方面都带来了很大的变化，出现了所谓的信息社会，知识经济。今天的信息技术又是一个什么情况下呢？我们可以说信息技术处在一个新的起跑线上孕育着一个新的起跑线，表现在那些方面呢： Notes:Passage 3: 首先，计算机技术本身孕育着一个很大的变革。因为大家都知道信息技术里边有一个“摩尔定律”：就是18个月，整个的计算能力提高一倍，价格降低一倍。看来这个定律还会在不久发生作用。但是另外一方面，因为以硅为主的芯片技术看来已快到极限，因此，现在探讨新的计算机已成为一个很重要的趋势，比如，探讨分子计算机、光子计算机、量子计算机、生物计算机。Notes:B. English passagese.g. /english/about/services/psycenter_4_2.htmlPassage1According to reports from each national university, diseases resulted from psychological problems have become the major factor for suspension of schooling, dropout and even suicide since middle 1980s. So people in fields of university education warn that the mental quality education for college students should be paid more and more attention to, for this problem has become the striking factor affecting the health of university students and the universitys steadiness.Notes:Rep of Na. Uni. Psy. Diseas. Maj. Fac. For:1. 修2. 辍3. 自杀 （80s中）So: Edu. Pl.warn!: 心edu. atten.Bec: It fac1. heal 2. unis 稳Passage2Universities have been the goal deep-rooted in minds of all parents, teachers and students. All take it for granted that studying well is the most important goal in this society. The children, under the very care from parents and teachers, are mostly becoming Giants in studying but Dwarfs in their real lives. When they left high school and entered university, they left the protection as well. So they will be at a loss for what to do when they have to face their lives independently.Notes:Passage3:The percentage of university students who have symptoms of depression, anxiety, socio-fear, self-abused, excessive dependence, and pan-asthenia is higher than that of general social youths. This result shows that university students are the very population who are susceptible to mental aberration. Professor FM Fan led a research on the psycho-status in Grade 4 students Tsinghua university. The research shows that about 60% students feel they have mental pressure and most students say they are not confident of dealing with such pressure. Instances owing to mental problems, in Jiangxi Province, from Jan to Oct in 1999 have tripled those in 1996.Notes:2) Note-taking with trial interpretingA. Chinese passagese.g./special/00011SVU/wenming060410.htmlPassage 1从今年年初至5月18日，全市各级公安机关共检查网吧4770余家次，排除各种安全隐患3615件次，责令整改832家，罚款33000多元。Notes: Y5，184770cyber caf P.S. () 3615 caus for ins. overhaul: 832 fine: 33,Passage 2据了解，最近，朝阳公安局在检查中发现，北京极速飞跃上网服务有限公司和北京巅峰之旅上网服务有限公司存在电脑上网日志保存不足60天、上网人员身份证件登记不全的情况，朝阳公安分局立即立案进行查处，现在正在进一步处理中。Notes: B. English passagese.g./s/ap/20060524/ap_on_re_mi_ea/bin_laden_tape_moussaouiPassage1He had no connection at all with Sept. 11, the speaker claiming to be bin Laden said in the tape posted on the Internet. I am the one in charge of the 19 brothers and I never assigned brother Zacarias to be with them in that mission, he said, referring to the 19 hijackers.Notes:Heconn. 9,11 : 自Bin,? InternetI am 19人 IZac. He19劫 Passage2Two counterterrorism officials