新视野大学英语课件(第二册教学).pptx

unitonetime consciousamericans englishdepartment contents informationrelatedtothetextpre readingactivitiesstructureanalysiswordsandphrasesexerciseswriting i informationrelatedtothetext 文主要探讨了美国人的时间意识 珍惜时间 并竭力节约时间 美国被称为 大熔炉 因为它融合了来自多种文化背景和民族的移民的特征 合成了所谓的 美国性格 例如 守时 创新 爱冒险 随着信息时代的降临 时间成为人类最宝贵的资源 为了实现快节奏的生活 人们使用传真 电话或电子邮件的方式进行电子交流 虽然少了些 把酒话桑麻 的情趣 可带来的却是巨大的经济效益和社会的飞速发展 proverbsoftimereadthefollowingproverbs haveyoueverlearntthem whatarethechineseversionsforthem ii pre readingactivities proverbsoftime 1 1 timeworkswonders 2 timetriestruth 时间创造奇迹 时间检验真理 3 timeisthebesthealer 4 timeandtidewaitfornoman 时间是治愈创伤的良药 时间不等人 时不我待 5 alltimeisnotimewhenitispast 机不可失 时不再来 1 doyoulikefast food ifyoudo what sthereasonforthisliking 2 areyoutime conscious stateyourideaontime 3 lifeisfast pacedtoday besideseatingfast food peoplealsousedifferentkindsoftime savingdevices suchas fax e mailandmobilephone whatdoyouthinkofthesetime savingdevices ii pre readingactivities questionsfordiscussion structureanalysis centraltopic time consciousamericans timeisoneofthetwoelementsthatamericanssavecarefully theotherbeinglabor para 1 iii structureofthepassage structureanalysis americanssavetimecarefully para 1 americans attitudetowardstimeandhowtheytrytosavetimeindailylifeandinbusiness paras 2 7 timeisaprecioussource para 2 americanssavetimeintheirdailylife para 3 americanssavetimeindoingbusiness para 4 americansproducelabor savingdevicesinordertosavetime paras 5 7 itistakenasasignofskillfulnessorbeingcompetenttosolveaproblemorfulfillajobsuccessfullywithspeedintheus para 8 1 l 3 timeisoneofthetwoelementsthatamericanssavecarefully theotherbeinglabor therearetwoelementsthatamericanssavecarefully oneistimeandtheotherislabor theotherbeinglabor是一种复合结构 一般由分词加上它的逻辑主语构成 表示时间 状况 原因等 其结构为subject participle pastorpresent phrase adjective adverb thequestionbeingsettled wewenthome 时间 问题解决之后 我们就回家了 arthurgone hewouldonlybeallowedtomakevisitslikeotheracquaintances 条件 阿瑟走了 只会允许他像其他相识的人那样去拜访别人 wewalkedout onebehindtheother 方式 我们一个接一个地走出去 with后也常跟复合结构 如 alltheafternoonheworkedwithdoorlocked 整个下午他都在闭门工作 条件 2 l 6 webudgetit saveit wasteit stealit killit cutit accountforit wealsochargeforit webudgetit saveit wasteit stealit killit cutit accountforitandevenchargeforit 此句中连续八个谓语的并列结构是作者想通过列举来强调人们对待时间有多种做法 课文中含有多个并列结构的句子还有 l 43 almosteveryoneusesthetelephonetoconductbusiness tochatwithfriends tomakeorbreaksocialappointments tosay thankyou toshopandtoobtainallkindsofinformation 上句 verb object infinitive 结构中一连用了六个并列的动词不定式 以很强的语势论证了本段主题句 theu s isdefinitelyatelephonecountry 第一句中分号的使用表明 虽然 wealsochargeforit 语法上相对独立 但意思上与前半句密切相关 再看课文中另一例句 句中不能用逗号代替分号 l 32 weproduceasteadyflowoflabor savingdevices wecommunicaterapidly 下面例句中也不能用逗号代替分号 somepeopleworkbestinthemornings othersdobetterintheevenings 有些人早上工作效率最佳 而有些人则在晚上工作更有成效 l 8 oncethesandshaverunoutofaperson shourglass theycannotbereplaced oncetimehaspassed itwillnotreturn once assoonas fromthemomentwhen它常常暗指事情已经完成 并且大多和完成时连用 一onceyouhavepassedyourtest iwill1etyoudrivemycar 你考试通过之后 我就让你开我的车 rememberthatyouwon tbeabletocancelthecontractonceyou vesigned 记住 你一旦签了字 就不能取消合同 这个句子是一个暗喻 sands指momentsoftime fromtheuseofthegrainsinanhourglass aperson shourglass指aperson slifetime 在钟表发明之前 人们用hourglass 沙漏 计时 hourglass是古时的计时器 在此 作者使用hourglass是将 时间 比作 沙 沙漏中的沙 或比作 人的一生 喻意 沙漏 中的沙一旦流失 就像时间一旦流逝就无法弥补一样 replace v taketheplaceof代替 取代wehavereplacedmanuallaborwithmachine 我们用机器取代了手工劳动 l 12 restlesslyseekingattentioninastore orelbowingothers impatientlytryingtogetservedinastore orpushingothersbyusingtheirelbows l 39 requiringface to faceconversation throughface to faceconversation 现在分词做状语可表示时间 原因 结果和伴随等 在绝大多数情况下 现在分词都表示的是主语的动作 followingtom theystartedtoclimb 伴随情况 跟在汤姆后面 他们开始攀登 hetooktorunningcommercialsincitiesclosetothecanadianborder knowingthatthesewouldreachabigcanadianaudience 原因 他开始在靠近加拿大边境的一些城市播送广告节目 因为他知道会有广大的加拿大听众 有不少现在分词 并不表示主语的动作 而是说话人的态度 如 women generallyspeaking livelongerthanmen 一般来说 女人比男人的寿命长 l 27 normally americansdonotassesstheirvisitorsinsuchrelaxedsurroundingsoverextendedsmalltalk muchlessdotheytakethemoutfordinner oraroundonthegolfcoursewhiletheydevelopasenseoftrust americansdonotusuallymakeajudgmentabouttheirvisitorsthroughalongandinformaltalkinsuchrelaxedplacesasarestaurantorcoffeehouse letalone anditisevenlesspossiblethat anoutingtodinnerorgolfcourseswiththem muchless evenless notsomuch ashasalreadybeen常用在否定句后 强调后一种情况更不可能 theyarealwaysshortofwatertodrink muchlesstobathein 他们总是缺水喝 更别提洗澡了 hecannotspeakenglish muchlessfrench 他连英语都不会说 何况法语 l 34 ratherthanthroughpersonalcontacts whichthoughpleasant takelonger especiallygivenourtraffic filledstreets althoughpersonalcontactsarepleasant theytakelingertimeespeciallywhenourstreetsareoftencrowdedwithtrafficsowe drathernotusethem 注意句中有以下几个难点 which personalcontactsthoughpleasant thoughtheyarepleasantgiven prep taking intoaccount inconsiderationof考虑到 givenhisage heisaremarkablyfastrunner 从他的年龄考虑 他是跑得很快 giventhetimeavailabletous wewillhavetosubmitthereportindraftform 考虑到时间有限 我们不得不以草稿的形式将报告递交上去 l 46 thisisduepartlytothefactthatthetelephoneserviceissuperbhere whereasthepostalserviceislessefficient thisispartlybecausethetelephoneserviceismuchmoreefficientthanpostalservice thisis thefact idea newsthat 中 that 不可以省略 这是一个同位语从句 同位语从句的先行词不达意为fact news idea thought等抽象名词 其关联词多为连词that 如thefactthatthemoneyhasgonedoesn tmeanitwasstolen 那笔钱不见了这一事实并不意味着钱是被偷了 wheredidyougettheideathaticouldn tcome 你从哪儿听说我不能来的 dueto asaresultof becauseof由 引起 由于alotofherunhappinessisduetoboredom 她的许多不快乐是由无聊引起的 whereas incomparisonwiththefactthat but然而 却hemustbeoversixty whereashiswifelooksaboutthirty 他肯定60多岁了 而他的妻子看上去只有30岁左右 l 49 itseemsintheireyesasifthetaskbeingconsideredwereinsignificant notworthyofproperrespect intheiropinion thetaskbeingconsideredisofnoimportanceandnotworthrespecting asif asthough inawaythatsuggestssth 似乎 好象hetalksasthoughheknewwhereshewas worthyof deserving meriting值得sheisworthyofabetterhusband 她应该有一个更好的丈夫 wordsandexpressions 1 standvi 处于 某种状况 后接形容词 过去分词或介词短语eg standempty standfirm standagainst反对 standbehind支持 standby支持 袖手旁观 standfor代表 表示 2 commitvt 干 错事 坏事 犯 罪 commitcrimes犯罪commitsuicide自杀committodoingsth 投身于 研究 实验 探索 commitoneselftodosomething makeoneselfresponsibleforcommitteda 承诺的 committalbea 可能犯的 commitmentn 许诺 3 acutea anacuteangle锐角anacuteobserver敏锐的观察家anacutedisease急性病acutepain剧烈的疼痛4 conventionn 常规 会议 协定conventionala 常规的 conventionallyad 常规地 conventionalityn 惯例性 老一套的行为 5 surroundingsn 环境surroundinga 周围的 附近的 surroundings condition circumstance environment setting 6 probe intosth v 细查 探究probing追究根底的askprobingquestions petenta 有能力的 胜任的acompetentsecretary能干的秘书becompetentforsth todosth heisnotcompetenttothetaskofteachingenglish forteachingenglish 8 resultin引起 造成resultfrom由 导致9 inarush忙碌地liveinarush10 athand正考虑的 临近的thegreatdayisathand 11 haverelationto beconnectedto与 有关 inrelationto regarding concerning关于 relationswithsb sth 交往12 settlesth 解决 处理settledown坐下来 定居下来 13 accountfor explain解释 说明 14 gowith同时发生 伴随happinessdoesnotgoasanautomaticresultwithmoney 15 getitmoving makesth sb dosth canyougettheoldcargoingagain 1 在有些人眼里 毕加索 picasso 的绘画会显得十分荒谬 intheeyesofsomepeople picasso spaintingswouldseemratherfoolish translationex ix translatethefollowingsentencesintoenglish intheeyesofsomepeople foolish v exercises 2 他们利润增长部分的原因是由于采用了新的市场策略 theincreaseintheirprofitsisduepartlytotheirnewmarketstrategy isduepartlyto profits 3 那个男人告诉妻子把药放在最上面的搁架上 这样孩子们就够不着了 themantoldhiswifetokeepthemedicineonthetopshelfsothatitwouldbebeyondthechildren sreach beyondsb sreach 4 有钱不一定幸福 happinessdoesn talwaysgowithmoney notalwaysgowith 5 那辆小汽车从我买来以后尽给我添麻烦 thatcarhasgivenmenothingbuttroubleeversinceiboughtit eversinceiboughtit givenmenothingbuttrouble 词类转译法conversion translation 词类转译法是英译汉中经常使用的翻译方法 指的是在翻译过程中 根据汉语译文的规范表达方式进行词性转换 比如 由于汉语可将多个动词并列作谓语 而英语句子的谓语只能有一个核心动词 因此英译汉时常将英语中表达动作的非动词译为汉语的动词 词类转译法conversion rocketshavefoundapplicationforexplorationoftheuniverse noun verbconversion formalityhasalwayscharacterizedtheirrelationship 火箭已经用来探索宇宙 他们之间的关系有一个特点 就是以礼相待 thegovernmentisbythepeopleandforthepeople preposition verbconversion 这个政府民治 民享 itwasacoldnight withmistandrain 那天晚上很冷 夹着雨和雾 doctorshavesaidthattheyarenotsuretheycansavehislife adjective verbconversion 医生说他们不敢肯定能救他的命 theauthorisgratefultohiscolleaguesfortheirvaluablesuggestions 作者感谢同事们提出的宝贵意见 hehasagreatdealofpain noun adjectiveconversion 他非常痛苦 theblockadewasasuccess 封锁很成功 heisnotasmoker buthisfatherisachain smoker independentthinkingisanabsolutenecessityinstudy practice translatethefollowingsentencesintochineseandpayspecialattentiontotheunderlinedpart 他不吸烟 但他父亲总是一支接一支地吸烟 在学习中独立思考是绝对必要的 heisnotonlyresponsibleforthesalesoftheproducts butalsoresponsibleforadvertising iflewstraightahead acrosstheharborandoutoverthesea mostusspysatellitesaredesignedtoburnupintheearth satmosphereaftercompletingtheirmissions 他不仅负责产品的销售 还负责做广告 我笔直地向前飞行 越过港口 飞临海面 美国的大多数间谍卫星 按其设计 是在完成使命后在大气层中焚毁 thisattituderesultsinanationofpeoplecommittedtoresearching experimentingandexploring para 1 导致结果 这种态度的结果是 全国人民都投身到研究 实验和探索中去了 toustheimpersonalityofelectroniccommunicationhaslittleornorelationtothesignificanceofthematterathand para 6 对我们来说 电信交流缺乏人性化 这与手头处理的事情是否重要关系不大 或毫无关系 缺乏人性化 重要 sincewegenerallyassessandprobeprofessionallyratherthansocially westarttalkingbusinessveryquickly para 4 由于我们的评价和探求是专业性的 而非社交性的 我们很快就开始谈正题 评价 探求 专业性的 社交性的 unlessacertainamountoftimeisallowedtoelapse itseemsintheireyesasifthetaskbeingconsideredwereinsignificant notworthyofproperrespect para 8 除非允许浪费一些时间 否则在他们看来 正在考虑的任务一点也不重要 不值得重视 不值得 topicsentenceandsupportingsentences writing vi writing atopicsentenceisasummaryoftheideasintheparagraph itshouldcontainatopicanditscontrollingidea thecontrollingideadeterminesexactlywhatyouwillsayandhowyouwillsayit 1 whatisatopicsentence supportingsentencesaredevelopmentalsentencesinaparagraph theirpurposesaretodescribe explain illustrate orprovethemainidea thesesentencesmaybemajorsupportsentencesorminorsupportsentences 2 whataresupportingsentences developthetopicsentencebytellingsomethingnewordifferentaboutit givemoredetailsabouteachmajorsupportsentencetomakeitbetterunderstood everyoneisinarush oftenunderpressure citypeoplealwaysappeartobehurryingtogetwheretheyaregoing racingthroughdaytimemealsispartofthepaceoflifeinthiscountry driverswillbeabruptandpeoplewillpushpastyou thisisbecausepeoplevaluetimehighly andtheyresentsomeoneelse wasting itbeyondacertainappropriatepoint topicsentence majorsupportingsentences description majorsupportingsentences reason let stakeparagraph3ofpassageaasanexample racingthroughdaytimemealsispartofthepaceoflifeinthiscountry workingtimeisconsideredprecious othersarewaitingforyoutofinishsotheycangetbacktoworkwithinthetimeallowed minorsupportingsentences toexplainwhypeopleracethroughdaytimemeals majorsupportingsentence citypeoplealwaysappeartobehurrying peoplevaluetimehighly andtheyresentsomeoneelse wasting it description reason racingthroughdaytimemeals driversareabruptandpeoplewillpushpastyou workingtimeisconsideredprecious othersinpubliceating placesarewaitingforyoutofinishsothey too canbeservedandgetbacktoworkwithinthetimeallowed analyzeparagraph7 lookingforitstopicsentenceandsupportingsentences practice topicsentence theu s isdefinitelyatelephonecountry supportingsentence description almosteveryoneusesthetelephonetoconductbusiness to supportingsentence reason thisisduepartlytothefactthatthetelephoneserviceissuperbhere whereasthepostalserviceislessefficient sincethecontrollingideaorpurposemustbestatedclearlyandpreciselyenoughtoindicatewhattheparagraphincludes yourtopicsentencemustbe howtowriteatopicsentence specificinsteadofgeneral preciseinsteadofvague comparethefollowingtwosentences astronautsmustbeverycapable astronautsmustbescientistsaswellasexperttestpilots countrysideismuchbetterthanacity countrysideisabetterplacetolivethanacityinseveralaspects collegestudentswillbeassuredgoodjobsongraduation collegestudentstendtogetbetterjobsthanthosewhohaven tacollegediploma peoplelivinginapartmentnevertalktoeachother peoplelivinginapartmentseldomtalktoeachother globalwarmingiscausedbyabuild upofgasesintheearth satmosphere globalwarmingis tosomeextent causedbyabuild upofgasesintheearth satmosphere writeaparagraphabout televisioncommercials fashionaneffectivetopicsentenceandsupportitwithdetails practice thesametelevisioncommercialsrepeatagainandagaininoneevening perhapsthefollowingtwofactorscanaccountforthis thefirstreasonissimplyamatterofeconomics itmustmakesurethatasmanypeopleaspossiblewillseeit thus moreconsumerswillbeattractedandabiggerprofitmaybegained anotherreasonforrepeatingthecommercialssooftenisthebeliefthatrepetitionhelpstoimprintthemessageonthemind somefeelthatrepetition eventothepointofirritation issupposedtomakepeopleremembertheproduct sample thetopicsentenceis thesametelevisioncommercialsrepeatagainandagaininoneevening perhapsthefollowingtwofactorscanaccountforthis itclearlytellsthereaderthemainideaoftheparagraph itwillexplorethereasonsforsomanytelevisioncommercials andthenthewriterpointedouttworeasonstosupporthistopicsentence eachofthemcontributestothemainidea thus theparagraphiswellorganized comments thankyou booktwo newhorizoncollegeenglish unittwo environmentalprotectionthroughouttheworld sectiona words expressions after readingactivities structureanalysis keystructure translation writing pre readingactivities backgroundinformation pre readingactivities definetheconcepts pre readingactivities backgroundinformation 1 grandbanks grandbanksisavastextensionoftheoceanoffsoutheastnewfoundland 纽芬兰岛 inthenorthatlantic oneoftheworld sgreatestcod fishinggrounds visitthewebsitehttp www chebucto ns ca heritage ngb tolearnmoreaboutcanada sfishingindustry 2 amazon theamazonrainforestistheworld sgreatestnaturalresource themostpowerfulandbio activelydiversenaturalphenomenonontheplanet yetstillitisbeingdestroyedjustlikeotherrainforestsaroundtheworld theproblemandthesolutiontorainforestdestructionarebotheconomic rainforestsarebeingdestroyedworldwidefortheprofitstheyyield mostlyharvestingunsustainableresourcesliketimber forcattleandagriculture andforsubsistencecroppingbyrainforestinhabitants pre readingactivities definetheconcepts 1 workinpairstodiscusswhatecologyis ecologyisthestudyoftherelationshipsamongplants animals people andtheirenvironmentandthebalanceamongtheserelationships anecologistmaystudythebehaviorofindividuals amongthecharacteristicsstudiedwouldbethefood gatheringtechniquesofindividuals thesurvivaladaptationsagainstpredation etc 2 workinpairstodiscusswhatenvironmentis environmentisthecomplexofphysical chemicalandbioticfactorsthatactuponanorganismoranecologicalcommunityandultimatelydetermineitsformandsurvival structureanalysis centraltopic environmentalsituationandthecorrespondingmeasurestakenthroughouttheworld structureofthepassage structureanalysis seriousenvironmentalproblemshavepromptedmanycountriestotakeeffectivemeasure para 1 thecanadiangovernment smeasurestomakeupforthelossbroughtaboutbyexcessivefishing paras 2 4 costarica sprogramtoprotecttheecologicaldiversity para 5 brazil sactiontoprotecttheamazon paras 6 8 easterneuropehasbeendealtwiththecontaminationofrivers paras 9 10 ghanahaspartiallysolvedtheproblemofforestremoval paras 11 12 somefavorablechangeintheenvironmentandsomeunsolvedproblemsinindonesia paras 13 14 words expressions 1 undertake 1 takeupaposition startonatask她负责对这个案子进行细致而全面的调查 sheundertookthedetailedandcomprehensiveinvestigationsintothecase 2 agreeorpromisetodosth 我们不能保证你的孩子对此病有免疫力 wecan tundertakethatyourchildrenwillbeimmunetothedisease undertakern 承担者承办人undertakingn 事业保证担保 1 initiative n 1 actiontakentosolveadifficulty我们正在采取一些新的积极行动来解决能源问题 wearetakingsomefreshinitiativestodealwiththeenergyproblem 2 sing the powerorrighttotakeaction我们不能失去主动权 否则我们会输 wecan tlosetheinitiative orwewilllosethegame 3 abilitytoseewhatneedstodoneandtrytodoit esp withoutother shelp她缺乏开始从事这样一个新行业所需要的首创精神 shehasn ttheinitiativetostartsuchanewbusiness takethe 采取主动 发起 倡导have losethe 有 失去主动权onone sown 主动地 自发地initiala 最初的 开始的n 首字母initiatev 开始 创始 发动initiationn 开始 发起 3 abundant adj 1 morethanenough plentiful我们有丰富的自然资源 wehave naturalresources 2 richinsth 这是一块矿藏丰富的土地 thisisaland inminerals be in withsth 富有abundancen 4 reverse adj contraryoroppositetowhatisexpected我们可以倒着读这首诗 wecanreadthepoeminreverseorder vt 1 exchange twofunctionsorpositions etc theirsituationsarenowreversedastheemployeehasbecometheemployer 他们双方的地位转换了 雇员成了雇主 2 turn sth theotherwayroundorup orinsideout各项内容的次序都被颠倒过来了 theorderoftheitemshasbeenreversed 3 removeorwipeout法官撤销原判释放了他 thejudgereversedhisoriginalverdictandsetherfree n 1 sing thingsthatiscontraryoroppositetowhatisexpected你可能认为我们一直在赚钱 但事实正好相反 youmaythinkwehavebeenmakingaprofit butinfactthereverseistrue 2 othersideorbackofsth 这幅画的背面有签名 thereisasignatureonthereverseofthepictureinreverse相反在背面gointoreverse产相反方向发展reversaln 颠倒 5 finance n 1 managementofmoney理财金融财政 此时为不可数名词 moneyavailabletoaperson companyorcountry财源 资金 可数名词 v providemoneyforaproject etc fundn asumofmoneyforaparticularpurpose专款 基金可数名词 resourcesoffinance金钱 财源 多为复数capitaln 资金 资本多指创建企业或企业生产所需要的资本 6 concern oneself with 1 bebusywith interestoneselfin她从事社会福利工作 sheconcernsherselfwithsocialaffair 2 careaboutbeconcernedabout forsb sth 使担忧 使操心asfaras beconcerned就 而言asconcerns至于 关于 7 regardlessof payingnoattention不管 不顾asregards关于 至于书面语口语中常用asfor astointhisregard在指一点上 关于此事in withregardto关于可与asregards互换 8 springup appear develop grow etc quicklyorsuddenly迅速或突然的出现 发展一个奇妙的想法突然浮现在我心中 astrangeideasprangupinmymind springinto一跃而成 突然变成 springfrom发生 起因于 resultfrom springon扑向袭击springback弹回原来的位置 9 takemeasuresto takeactionforapurpose学校正采取措施控制作弊 theschoolistakingmeasures steps tocontrolcheating takethemeasureofsb sth ortakesb smeasures量人或物的尺寸 估量某人的品格能力等 10 frownon upon 不赞成 反对我父母向来反对深夜外出 myparentalwaysfrownuponlatenightout frownat对 皱眉头 keystructures 1 butinrecentyears l4 as引导伴随状语从句 pocket 此处指smallarea 不是 口袋 2 thefishinggroundsoffwhat l8 fishinggrounds渔场offprep 离 一些距离what引导名词性从句offwhat形成介词短语修饰主语fishinggrounds 全句谓语是held 3 butaseriesofnewenvironmentlaw togetherwitthecreationof l25 togethe