我自己的issue高频提纲.doc

1330136c5a61a2dedfc00f572eb2489c.pdf Editted By Addison Wang自己的issue高频提纲 NO.130 教育 3月北京第2How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society.孩子们的社会化决定社会的命运。不幸的是我们还不知道怎样抚养孩子才能使他们对将来的社会有用。This statement actually consist of two claims. First, the destiny of society is determined by how children are socialized today. Second, we have not yet learned how to raise children to be competent to help bring about a better society. As far as I am concerned, I disagree with both of the two claims.(1) There is no denying that children is the hope of a nation so that how children are socialized is indeed crucial for the future society.(2) However, the socialization of children is only one of the factors that determine the development of children, and yet it may not the most important one.(3) What is the most important, consider the item “better society” as equality, prosperity, stabilization, then we do have experienced great improvement and progress during the last decades, the time of those who once were the childern of our society, which means we do actually know how to raise children to contribute a better society. We devote to raise children in health, not only in physical but also in mental. Merits such as honesty, responsibility, persistence, kindness and so on are the core lessons should be taken to children.NO.48 历史与人民 3月北京第4The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten.历史研究把太多重点放在对某些个人上.历史上一些重大事件和发展趋势不是由个别名人决定的,而可能是由那些已经被淡忘的人制造的。There is always a debate on whether the famous few or the groups of people nameless contribute to the significant events and trends in history. Different people have different views according to their different experience, beliefs and positions. The arguer is in favor of that the most significant events and trends in history were made by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten. Though one can hardly say with certainty that history was created by the very individuals or ordinary people, in my view, I agree with the arguers point more.1. Admittedly, in some areas such as art and science, a group of key individuals have played a more crucial role than forgettable groups of people. It is Newton, who laid the foundation of calculus, formulated three fundamental laws of mechanics, leading to the law of gravitation. It is Einstein who put forward Theory of Relativity and also gave a perfect interpretation of the photoelectric effect. It is Beethoven who left the world with so many great compositions, which are so infective, unforgettable and can not be replaced. It is Shakespeare, who created the greatest English literature.2. However, most of the time, the most significant events and trends in history were made possible by groups of ordinary people. Though decisions were made by the key individuals but they were completed by forgettable groups of people. Take the Chinese famous historic building, Great Wall, as an instance. Though it is the first emperor of ancient dynasty Qing who decided to construct Great Wall, however, without thousands upon thousands labour forces how can the great wall be established? And Pyramid perhaps can be regarded as the similar example to illuminate this point.3. In another place, though the famous few played a crucial role in some significant events and trend in history, sometimes these trends are inevitable and if without those famous few, there would be others played such important roles instead of them. President Abraham Lincoln gave the American Civil War a new political direction. He had freed Negro slaves in the rebel states of the south as well as saved the Union. His contribution to human freedom can not be forgotten, however, if there were no Abraham Lincoln there might be another Lincoln sooner or later to fulfill this great mission.4. Additionally, we, common people, all flock to the powerful and the beautiful. Thus, newspapers and TV stations report a mass of information, even trivia sometimes, to cater for our taste. Therefore information about the famous individual was kept down but insufficient materials of groups of people were remained. So, possibly, it is we ourselves, the common people, who have shaped the history, such that it concentrates on important individualsNO.144 艺术家和评论家 3月北京第13 It is the artist, not the critic,* who gives society something of lasting value. *a person who evaluates works of art, such as novels, films, music, paintings, etc. 是艺术家而不是批评家，给了社会一些永久的价值。*批评家指经常评价艺术作品 ，例如小说、电影、音乐、绘画等的人。the arguer insists that it is the artist gives society something of lasting value, but not the critics. As far as I am concerned, there is no denying that artist gives society something of lasting value. However, constructive criticism not only can help the public to appreciate artistic work but also can help artist promote their working level. Therefore, in my opinion, artist gives society something of lasting value while critic also contributes to the lasting value.1. first of all, there is no doubt that it is the creative minds and skillful works of artists that make our quotidian life colorful and give society something of lasting value. It is Da Vinci who gave the painting “Mona Lisa” of lasting value 2. on the other hand, critics play an indelible role in giving society something of lasting value.(1) First, critics can help the public understand and interpret art, since their comment and evaluation of an artwork severs as a filter, which helps us determine which art is worth our time and attention. (2) Second, a critic who is familiar with a particular artists works might have certain insights about those works that the layperson would not. Therefore we can learn it from all of these critics, which can help us understand an artistic work better and also help us to be a good connoisseur.(3) Besides, they can provide feedback for artists and constructive criticism can result in better work. All of the greatest feats in history, which gave society something of lasting value, are those created by artists and evaluated by critics. 3. 总结: artist and critics are supplement of each other. All of the greatest artistic works in history, which gave society something of lasting value, are those created by artists and evaluated by critics.NO.153 学习 3月北京第9 Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. They should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively. 学生们应该带着怀疑的态度对待他们所学的任何东西。他们应该质疑老师教给他们的东西，而不是消极地接受。the speaker insists that students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study and question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively. As far as I am concerned, I strongly agree that not only students but also all of us should bring a certain skepticism to whatever we study.1. For one thing, the knowledge of any field of study must have some flaws and somewhat incomplete, while to err is human, due to the limit of the ken of teachers, they might have made some mistakes. Without skepticizing but only passively accepting whatever one studies is unwise, which not only do bad to the students but also be detrimental to the society.2. Secondly, as the society never stop developing and progressing, some knowledge and theories we think as truth ever might be proved wrong at last, so it need us bring a certain skepticism to what we study.3. Thirdly, skepticism is the starting point for creation and we human being really get quite a few benefits from question what we are taught. Without skepticism, no great progress will be made in any academic field. There are series of examples to illustrate this point. Without the suspicion of the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, how could Copernicus establish the heliocentric conjecture? Without querying Newtons classic mechanics, how could Einstein put forward the Theory of Relativity?4. Students should be encouraged to form the habit of a critical thinking to everything they are taught. This is a very basic quality for every student to develop. Bacon, an English philosopher, had advocated the idea of testing the authority in order to gain real knowledge. When Einstein was a child he always asking why to almost everything, therefore he could meke such a great achievement.NO.50教育 3月北京第一 In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculties should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach. 为了提高大学的教学质量，所有的教职员工应该去校外参加一些和他们教的课程相关的工作。The arguer suggest that all colleges and universities faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach in the purpose to improve the quality of instruction. Though it sounds tempting, I just partially agree with the arguers point for the reason that in some areas it really needs its faculty spend time working outside the academic world and keep the pace with the real world, while in some other areas, such as in the pure theoretical field, do not need this.1. First, faculty who are actively engaged in their fields come to class with fresh insights and contagious excitement about the issue at hand. 2. Secondly, by keeping abreast with the changing demands of work as a professional, professors can help students who are serious about pursuing a career in that field to make more informed career decisions. If the courses is digressed from the need of real world the students may feel bored and uninteresting and can not concentrate on the lessons, which will make the lessons meaningless. 3. Thirdly, as the society never stop developing and progressing, some knowledge in the book might have been out of date. Therefore, working in the prosessions outside the acadamic world may help the teachers To keep pace with the quick development, while the knowledge in the books somewhat lags behind.4. However, there is no need and unwarranted to expand this broad claim to embrace all the faculty in the college. For those who work in the pure theoretical field, such as mathematics, literature, history, philosophy, etc., they may find it difficult to combine their teaching with relevant professional fields and it is also meaningless to compel them to gain the experience in the practical work and it may distract them from the research and instruction work they should concentrate on. Moreover, the teachers who are no in the pure theoretical field should also pay attention to how to balance the time they spend on outside working and the time they spend on teaching and researching for the reason that spending too much and energy will inevitably have some adverse influnce on their teaching and researching.5. 总结: balance well. Although some teachers really need to spend some time wording outside, the main time and energy should still be on the education.NO.103 历史的价值 3月北京第17 The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our daily lives. 只有当历史和我们的生活相关时，对它的研究才有价值。The arguer asserts that only the study of history is relevant to our daily lives can it have value. However, as far as I am concerned, learning history has its own inherent values which are very helpful to every individuals and nations no matter it is relevant to our daily lives or not. Therefore, I dont agree with this assertion.1. History is a source of precedent from which we get many experience and knowledge. From learning history, we know more about ourselves and the whole world and it is helpful for us to realize where we are today in the world. Learning about great human achievements of the past provides us with inspiration. From the ancient Chinese author Sun Tzus book The Art of War, todays military commanders and even business leaders gather obtian information that help them to operate more efficiently and effectively.2. History is a source of prediction and can avoid us making the same mistakes in history. Otherwise, as the saying goes: those who do not know the past are condemned to repeat it. Therefore quite a few people look for experience and guidance from learning history. For example, the lessons learned from all of the past wars can contribute to a more effective wartime leadership by avoiding mistakes ever made by past commanders. Perpetual motion machine obey the natural law and can not be fulfilled.3. Studying human history can also help us understand and appreciate the mores, values, and ideals of past cultures.4. 总结: Therefore, a part of history might seem irrelevant to our daily life, however, the study of which is undoubtedly has value. History is the most important part of a nations culture and studying history not only can help us understand and appreciate the value and ideals of past cultures, but also help us to form correct value view and ideals in todays world.NO.208 认知 3月北京第3 The way people look, dress, and act reveals their attitudes and interests. You can tell much about a societys ideas and values by observing the appearance and behavior of its people. 人们的眼神、衣着和行动表现了他们的态度和兴趣。你可以通过观察人们的外表和行为来获知这个社会的许多想法和价值。This statement actually consists of two claims. First, the way people look, dress, and act reveals their attitudes and interest. Second, observing the appearance and behavior of its people, one can tell much about a societys ideas and values. As far as I am concerned, I agree insofar as the appearance and behavior of people can sometimes reveal their attitudes and interests as well as a societys ideas and values. However, it is not always the case.1. Admittedly, as psychologists indicate, the way people look, dress, and act is influenced to a large extent by ones characters, moods, ideas, except when one pretends to behavior under certain occasions. So in this way, a societys ideas and value can be partialy expressed by the appearance and behavior of its people. Actually, that is one of the very means by which sociologists do their researches. People of different countries and different eras dress differently. Changing in peoples dressing styles is usually consistent with value changes of a society. Dynasty tang, dynasty qing. 2. The habits, rituals and lifestyles of a culture often do provide accurate signals about its values. Peoples behavior is dominated by their minds which are greatly influenced by the societys ideology. Islamite dont eat pork, Arab women use headcloth3. However, the appearance and behavior might be deceiving, which means we cannot entirely depend on peoples appearance and behavior to see peoples attitutes and interests or the ideas of a society. Albert Einstein was a famous man, but you would not have known that by looking at him. His white hair was long and wild. He wore old clothes. He showed an inner joy when he was playing his violin or talking about his work. The phenomenon that blue jeans, business suit or some other fashions have become international popularity. 4. 总结: We should use the appearance and behavior of people as a mean to analyze a socierys ideas and values, while other means should be served as supplements of this. NO.51 教育 3月北京第9Education will be truly effective only when it is specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each student.只有针对每个学生的需要和兴趣,教育才真正的有意义。The arguer claims that education should be specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each student in order to make education truly effective. Though it sounds very alluring, as far as I am concerned, it is impossible and even not necessary to specifically design education to meet individual needs and interests of each student all the time.1. Interests is a vert essential element in ones learning. Its really an passion and impetus for a student to learn. The traditional teacher-oriented education often neglects the individual needs and interests of each student, which proves counterproductive. An educational system that can take into account the specific needs and interests of each student will help students to fully develop their distinct potential and talent. In such an educational system, students, feeling centered and appreciated, will be more motivated to study. 2. People may take granted that the more specifically designed education one can get acccording to his/ her own needs and interests, the more effective it will be turn out to be, since students will be much more actively engaged in study without the nessecity to learn what does not interest them, or what to be no apparent help to their future careers. Reasonable as it may seem, such an educational pattern does not make full use of modern educational resouces. It is actually impossible that education is specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each studentsthe cost of it is too high. 3. There is no need to design education to meet each students need and interests and over-specified education will narrow down students ken and capability of acclimation to future career. They should learn some lessons which is necessary for them, whatever they like them or not. 4. Even if we have the sufficient educational resources to offer individuals such education system, it is not a rational choice to do it for the reason that the majority of the students especially young children themselves dont know what they really need and their interests. 5. 总结: Although complete liberty in designing education is not available to all individual students, schools can try their best to offer more choices and autonom